Surface chemistry of major rock types of Sonora Pass Test Site, California
Chemical study of selected rock samples tabulated as oxide percentages
Brennan, P. A.↗
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Preliminary findings of the Viking gas exchange experiment and a model for Martian surface chemistry
Earlier results reported from the Viking Lander-1 experiment are reexamined and interpreted in terms of a model of the Martian soil surface morphology and chemistry. Major events in the gas exchange experiment (GEX) first cycle are tabulated and data are presented on the sample processing and transport environments experienced by the soil samples. Oxygen and CO2 evolved from humidified Martian soil in GEX and slight changes in N2 present are investigated. A soil model involving iron oxide coating on silicate material is entertained to yield a mechanistic explanation of the experimental findings, and invocation of biotic processes is eschewed.
Oyama, V. I.↗
Chemistry of the thermosphere and ionosphere
In the present paper, some of the most important features of the Atmosphere Explorer program, involving studies of the chemistry of the ionosphere and thermosphere, are reviewed. Solar flux and cross sections are tabulated, along with the revised reference spectrum F47113 as compared with the preliminary R74113. The principal results examined include some unexpected variations in the EUV flux and in the response of the thermosphere, revealed by extreme ultraviolet spectrophotometers; discrepancies between the measured and calculated electron flux; recent developments in the detection of nocturnal mid- and low-latitude sources of ionization; and the application of AE satellite data to the study of ionospheric and thermospheric processes, rate coefficients, and atomic and molecular processes.
Torr, D. G.↗
Molecules in interstellar clouds
The physical conditions and chemical compositions of the gas in interstellar clouds are reviewed in light of the importance of interstellar clouds for star formation and the origin of life. The Orion A region is discussed as an example of a giant molecular cloud where massive stars are being formed, and it is pointed out that conditions in the core of the cloud, with a kinetic temperature of about 75 K and a density of 100,000-1,000,000 molecules/cu cm, may support gas phase ion-molecule chemistry. The Taurus Molecular Clouds are then considered as examples of cold, dark, relatively dense interstellar clouds which may be the birthplaces of solar-type stars and which have been found to contain the heaviest interstellar molecules yet discovered. The molecular species identified in each of these regions are tabulated, including such building blocks of biological monomers as H2O, NH3, H2CO, CO, H2S, CH3CN and H2, and more complex species such as HCOOCH3 and CH3CH2CN.
Irvine, W. M.↗