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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1977

Sensing the earth's environment from space: User needs and technology opportunities

The specific measurements and data needs of users of remotely sensed environmental data were identified in a number of studies supported by NASA in cooperation with industry, universities, and the operational government agencies involved. The present capabilities of space and aircraft sensors, data systems, and satellite support systems were assessed and compared with the trends in the supporting technology. Areas of high benefit in which there is a large gap between the efforts underway and the need are identified. The problems in narrowing these gaps are briefly discussed.

Nagler, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS1989

User needs, benefits and integration of robotic systems in a space station laboratory

The methodology, results and conclusions of the User Needs, Benefits, and Integration Study (UNBIS) of Robotic Systems in the Space Station Microgravity and Materials Processing Facility are summarized. Study goals include the determination of user requirements for robotics within the Space Station, United States Laboratory. Three experiments were selected to determine user needs and to allow detailed investigation of microgravity requirements. A NASTRAN analysis of Space Station response to robotic disturbances, and acceleration measurement of a standard industrial robot (Intelledex Model 660) resulted in selection of two ranges of low gravity manipulation: Level 1 (10-3 to 10-5 G at greater than 1 Hz.) and Level 2 (less than = 10-6 G at 0.1 Hz). This included an evaluation of microstepping methods for controlling stepper motors and concluded that an industrial robot actuator can perform milli-G motion without modification. Relative merits of end-effectors and manipulators were studied in order to determine their ability to perform a range of tasks related to the three low gravity experiments. An Effectivity Rating was established for evaluating these robotic system capabilities. Preliminary interface requirements were determined such that definition of requirements for an orbital flight demonstration experiment may be established.

Farnell, K. E.↗
NASA NTRS1989

User Needs, Benefits, and Integration of Robotic Systems in a Space Station Laboratory

The methodology, results and conclusions of all tasks of the User Needs, Benefits, and Integration Study (UNBIS) of Robotic Systems in a Space Station Laboratory are summarized. Study goals included the determination of user requirements for robotics within the Space Station, United States Laboratory. In Task 1, three experiments were selected to determine user needs and to allow detailed investigation of microgravity requirements. In Task 2, a NASTRAN analysis of Space Station response to robotic disturbances, and acceleration measurement of a standard industrial robot (Intelledex Model 660) resulted in selection of two ranges of microgravity manipulation: Level 1 (10-3 to 10-5 G at greater than 1 Hz) and Level 2 (less than equal 10-6 G at 0.1 Hz). This task included an evaluation of microstepping methods for controlling stepper motors and concluded that an industrial robot actuator can perform milli-G motion without modification. Relative merits of end-effectors and manipulators were studied in Task 3 in order to determine their ability to perform a range of tasks related to the three microgravity experiments. An Effectivity Rating was established for evaluating these robotic system capabilities. Preliminary interface requirements for an orbital flight demonstration were determined in Task 4. Task 5 assessed the impact of robotics.

Dodd, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS2017

User Needs and Advances in Space Wireless Sensing and Communications

Decades of space exploration and technology trends for future missions show the need for new approaches in space/planetary sensor networks, observatories, internetworking, and communications/data delivery to Earth. The User Needs to be discussed in this talk includes interviews with several scientists and reviews of mission concepts for the next generation of sensors, observatories, and planetary surface missions. These observatories, sensors are envisioned to operate in extreme environments, with advanced autonomy, whereby sometimes communication to Earth is intermittent and delayed. These sensor nodes require software defined networking capabilities in order to learn and adapt to the environment, collect science data, internetwork, and communicate. Also, some user cases require the level of intelligence to manage network functions (either as a host), mobility, security, and interface data to the physical radio/optical layer. For instance, on a planetary surface, autonomous sensor nodes would create their own ad-hoc network, with some nodes handling communication capabilities between the wireless sensor networks and orbiting relay satellites. A section of this talk will cover the advances in space communication and internetworking to support future space missions. NASA's Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) program continues to evolve with the development of optical communication, a new vision of the integrated network architecture with more capabilities, and the adoption of CCSDS space internetworking protocols. Advances in wireless communications hardware and electronics have enabled software defined networking (DVB-S2, VCM, ACM, DTN, Ad hoc, etc.) protocols for improved wireless communication and network management. Developing technologies to fulfil these user needs for wireless communications and adoption of standardized communication/internetworking protocols will be a huge benefit to future planetary missions, space observatories, and manned missions to other planets.

Kegege, Obadiah↗
NASA NTRS1984

Ocean services user needs assessment. Volume 1: Survey results, conclusions and recommendations

An interpretation of environmental information needs of marine users, derived from a direct contact survey of eight important sectors of the marine user community is presented. Findings of the survey and results and recommendations are reported. The findings consist of specific and quantized measurement and derived product needs for each sector and comparisons of these needs with current and planned NOAA data and services. The following supportive and reference material are examined: direct contact interviews with industry members, analyses of current NOAA data gathering and derived product capabilities, evaluations of new and emerging domestic and foreign satellite data gathering capabilities, and a special commercial fishing survey conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).

Montgomery, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

User needs and the future of operational meteorological satellites

Meteorological satellites and their capabilities are described. Future satellite configurations and instrumentation are discussed in the light of future user needs. In addition to the continuation of existing baseline products and services, the goals for improvement of the geosynchronous system through the 1990's will be: increasing spacial resolution in the visible and infrared channels; increasing vertical mean layer temperature resolution; adding the ability to image the solar disk; and upgrading the ground systems. Other improvements are discussed.

Miller, D. B.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Some aspects of user needs for an air-launched, expendable free-drifting buoy

Research objectives were determined based on user's needs in which an airlaunched, free-drifting buoy would significantly contribute to the accomplishment of these objectives. The objectives were formulated through discussions with individuals representing federal and state agencies and universities. The most immediate need was in continental shelf oceanography which required data to characterize circulation in a localized mesoscale region. A tentative plan for the North Carolina Outfall Study was presented. Data from air-launched, expendable free-drifting buoys would be used in this study not only to characterize the circulation off the North Carolina coast, but also to provide data by which a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model could be verified.

Vukovich, F. M.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Storage system software solutions for high-end user needs

Today's high-end storage user is one that requires rapid access to a reliable terabyte-capacity storage system running in a distributed environment. This paper discusses conventional storage system software and concludes that this software, designed for other purposes, cannot meet high-end storage requirements. The paper also reviews the philosophy and design of evolving storage system software. It concludes that this new software, designed with high-end requirements in mind, provides the potential for solving not only the storage needs of today but those of the foreseeable future as well.

Hogan, Carole B.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Addressing User Needs through the Stakeholder Engagement Program

Every two years, the Satellite Needs Working Group (SNWG), an initiative of the U.S. Group on Earth Observations (USGEO), surveys federal agencies to pinpoint their satellite Earth observation needs. For each expressed need, NASA-led assessment teams coordinate with the agencies to devise solutions. Solutions can include existing or modified data products as well as the construction of new data products and technologies, such as the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) product and the Catalog of Archived Sub-Orbital Earth Science Investigations (CASEI). To facilitate adoption of new data products and technologies, the SNWG Management Office’s Stakeholder Engagement Program (SEP) was established. The program’s primary goals are to respond to training and capacity building needs expressed by agencies and to encourage engagement from stakeholders as SNWG solutions are developed. To serve these needs, SEP has developed the following: an SNWG Solutions Earthdata webpage, an SEP Earthdata webpage, and an Earthdata Search Portal for SNWG products. These avenues provide assistance to users from all backgrounds and levels of expertise as well as publicize the ongoing efforts of SNWG solutions. In addition, the SEP is also collaborating with NASA’s Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center to develop user-driven applications for SNWG products leveraging stakeholder input. This presentation will provide an overview of the SEP, highlight the resources currently available to users, and describe ongoing efforts to address the needs of users, so SNWG products can be better implemented into scientific workflows.

Jenny Wood↗
NASA NTRS1992

User needs as a basis for advanced technology

The NASA Integrated Technology Plan (ITP) is described with treatment given to the identification of U.S. technology needs, space research and technology programs, and some ITP implementations. The ITP is based on the development and transfer of technologies relevant to the space program that also have significant implications for general technological research. Among the areas of technological research identified are: astrophysics, earth sciences, microgravity, and space physics. The Office of Space Science and Applications prioritizes the technology needs in three classes; the highest priority is given to submm and microwave technologies for earth sciences and astrophysics study. Other government and commercial needs are outlined that include cryogenic technologies, low-cost engines, advanced data/signal processing, and low-cost ELVs. It is demonstrated that by identifying and addressing these areas of user technology needs NASA's research and technology program can enhance U.S. trade and industrial competitiveness.

Mankins, John C.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Sensing the earth's environment from space - User needs and technology opportunities

Results of a number of studies involving industry, universities and government agencies working in concert to identify specific measurement and data needs in the field of satellite remote sensing are discussed. Comparisons are made with existing sensor capabilities and with the trends in the supporting technology. A series of tables is presented describing, among other things, user subcommittees using remote sensing data, atmosphere, ocean, land and cryosphere measurement needs and funded capabilities, and the capability status of such sensors as passive and active microwave sensors, visible and IR radiometers and laser sensors.

Nagler, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS2014

User Needs and Assessing the Impact of Low Latency NASA Earth Observation Data Availability on Societal Benefit

Since the advent of NASA's Earth Observing System, knowledge of the practical benefits of Earth science data has grown considerably. The community using NASA Earth science observations in applications has grown significantly, with increasing sophistication to serve national interests. Data latency, or how quickly communities receive science observations after acquisition, can have a direct impact on the applications and usability of the information. This study was conducted to determine how users are incorporating NASA data into applications and operational processes to benefit society beyond scientific research, as well as to determine the need for data latency of less than 12 h. The results of the analysis clearly show the significant benefit to society of serving the needs of the agricultural, emergency response, environmental monitoring and weather communities who use rapidly delivered, accurate Earth science data. The study also showed the potential of expanding the communities who use low latency NASA science data products to provide new ways of transforming data into information. These benefits can be achieved with a clear and consistent NASA policy on product latency.

NASA↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Evolution of NASA’s Land, Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for Earth Observing Systems (LANCE) to Support an Increasingly Diverse Range of User Needs

NASA’s Land, Atmosphere Near Real-Time Capability for Earth Observing Systems (LANCE) supports a host of near real-time (NRT) monitoring applications from air quality to wildfires to flooding to droughts to severe storms. LANCE distributes 40-75 TB of data per week from 13 instruments to a wide range of users in over 200 countries. Most of the data and imagery served through LANCE are available within three hours of satellite overpass. Leveraging the existing NASA infrastructure and science teams has made LANCE unique in its ability to provide data from instruments onboard Earth observing satellites rapidly, accurately, and consistently. LANCE continually ensures these data are findable, readily accessible, and freely available. The evolution of LANCE is ongoing, as it strives to enable researchers and applications users to quickly incorporate the latest satellite data into their work, leading to more timely and accurate understanding of the Earth’s land and atmosphere.

Jenny Hewson↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Evolution of NASA's Land, Atmosphere Near Real-Time Capability for EOS (LANCE) to Support an Increasingly Diverse Range of User Needs

NASA’s Land, Atmosphere Near Real-Time Capability for Earth Observing Systems (LANCE) supports a host of near real-time (NRT) monitoring applications from air quality to wildfires to flooding to droughts to severe storms. LANCE distributes 40-75 TB of data per week from 13 instruments to a wide range of users in over 200 countries. Most of the data and imagery served through LANCE are available within three hours of satellite overpass. Leveraging the existing NASA infrastructure and science teams has made LANCE unique in its ability to provide data from instruments onboard Earth observing satellites rapidly, accurately, and consistently. LANCE continually ensures these data are findable, readily accessible, and freely available. The evolution of LANCE is ongoing, as it strives to enable researchers and applications users to quickly incorporate the latest satellite data into their work, leading to more timely and accurate understanding of the Earth’s land and atmosphere.

Jenny Hewson↗
NASA NTRS2006

What Do Our Users Want? Perspectives on Understanding and Meeting User Needs for Multi-Mission Data Services

The Sun-Earth Connection Active Archive (SECAA) project of NASA's Space Physics Data Facility operates a range of unique and heavily used multi-mission data services in support of the large-scale science objectives of the Great Observatory, including services such as CDAWeb, the CDAWeb Plus client, SSCWeb, OMNIweb and the CDF data format. In developing and operating these services, we have encountered and continue to struggle with a wide range of issues such as balancing scope and functionality with simplicity and ease of use, understanding the effectiveness of our choices and identifying areas most important for further improvement. In this paper, we will review our key services and then discuss some of our observations and new approaches to understanding and meeting user data service requirements. Some observations are obvious but may still have substantial implications; e.g. functionality without information content is of little user interest, which has led to our recent emphasis on development of web services interfaces, so the content and functionality we already serve is readily and fully available as a building block for new services. Some observations require careful design and tradeoffs; e.g. users will complain when they are offered interfaces with limited options but users are also easily intimidated and become lost when offered extensive options for customization. Some observations remain highly challenging; e.g. a comprehensive multi-mission, multi-source view of all data and services available easily produces a daunting list, but a more selective view can easily lead users to overlook available and relevant data. It is often difficult to obtain and meaningfully interpret measures of true productive usage and overall user satisfaction, even with a variety of techniques including statistics, citations, case studies, user feedback and advisory committees. Most of these issues will apply to and may even be more acute for distributed implementation architectures.

McGuire, Robert E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Composite oscillator systems for meeting user needs for time and frequency

Frequency standards are used in most navigation and telecommunications systems to provide a long term memory of either frequency, phase, or time epoch. From a systems point of view, the performance aspects of the frequency standard are weighed against other systems characteristics, such as overall performance, cost, size, and accessibility; a number of examples are very briefly reviewed. The theory of phase lock and frequency lock systems is outlined in sufficient detail that total oscillator system performance can be predicted from measurements on the individual components. As an example, details of the performance of a high spectral purity oscillator phase locked to a long term stable oscillator are given. Results for several systems, including the best system stability that can be obtained from present commercially available 5-MHz sources, are shown.

Stein, S. R.↗