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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Connecting dark matter annihilation to the vertex functions of Standard Model fermions

We consider here scenarios in which dark matter is a Majorana fermion which couples to Standard Model fermions through the exchange of charged mediating particles. The matrix elements for various dark matter annihilation processes are then related to one-loop corrections to the fermion-photon vertex, where dark matter and the charged mediators run in the loop. In particular, in the limit where Standard Model fermion helicity mixing is suppressed, the cross section for dark matter annihilation to various final states is related to corrections to the Standard Model fermion charge form factor. These corrections can be extracted in a gauge-invariant manner from collider cross sections. While current measurements from colliders are not precise enough to provide useful constraints on dark matter annihilation, improved measurements at future experiments, such as the International Linear Collider, could improve these constraints by several orders of magnitude, allowing them to surpass the limits obtainable by direct observation

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Graphical method for deriving an effective interaction with a new vertex function

Introducing a new vertex function, Z(E), of an energy variable E, we derive a new equation for the effective interaction. The equation is obtained by replacing the Q box in the Krenciglowa-Kuo (KK) method with Z(E). This new approach can be viewed as an extension of the KK method. We show that this equation can be solved both in iterative and noniterative ways. We observe that the iteration procedure with Z(E) brings about fast convergence compared to the usual KK method. It is shown that, as in the KK approach, the procedure of calculating the effective interaction can be reduced to determining the true eigenvalues of the original Hamiltonian H and they can be obtained as the positions of intersections of graphs generated from Z(E). We find that this graphical method yields always precise results and reproduces any of the true eigenvalues of H. The calculation in the present approach can be made regardless of overlaps with the model space and energy differences between unperturbed energies and the eigenvalues of H. We find also that Z(E) is a well-behaved function of E and has no singularity. These characteristics of the present approach ensure stability in actual calculations and would be helpful to resolve some difficulties due to the presence of poles in the Q box. Performing test calculations, we verify numerically theoretical predictions made in the present approach.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Asymptotic Normalization Coefficients (Nuclear Vertex Constants), Three-Body Asymptotic Normalization Functions (On-Shell Vertex Functions) and Nuclear Astrophysics

In the present review work, the main methods of the determination of asymptotic normalization coefficients (or respective nuclear vertex constants) for the A + x → B channel and of threebody asymptotic normalization functions (or respective on-shell vertex functions) for the A + b + c → B channel are briefly discussed. The main attention is paid both to the use of the specific asymptotic normalization coefficients and three-body asymptotic normalization functions as a source of getting the valuable information about the pair (nucleon–nucleon, nucleon–cluster and cluster–cluster) nuclear interactions and to their application for the specific direct nuclear-astrophysical radiative capture and peripheral transfer reactions at low energies.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Development of the self-consistent approximation and its application to the problem of magnetoelastic resonance in an inhomogeneous medium

Our previously proposed approximation involving both the first and second terms of the expansion of the vertex function is generalized to the system of two interacting wavefields of different physical nature. A system of self-consistent equations for the matrix Green’s function and matrix vertex function is derived. On the basis of this matrix generalization of the new self-consistent approximation, a theory of magnetoelastic resonance is developed for a ferromagnetic model, where the magnetoelastic coupling parameter ε(x) is inhomogeneous. Equations for magnetoelastic resonance are analyzed for one-dimensional inhomogeneities of the coupling parameter. The diagonal and off-diagonal elements of the matrix Green’s function of the system of coupled spin and elastic waves are calculated with the change in the ratio between the average value ε and rms fluctuation Δε of the coupling parameter between waves from the homogeneous case (ε ≠ 0, Δε = 0) to the extremely randomized case (ε = 0, Δε ≠ 0) at various correlation wavenumbers of inhomogeneities k{sub c}. For the limiting case of infinite correlation radius (k{sub c} = 0), in addition to approximate expressions, exact analytical expressions corresponding to the summation of all diagrams of elements of the matrix Green’s function are obtained. The results calculated for an arbitrary k{sub c} value in the new self-consistent approximation are compared to the results obtained in the standard self-consistent approximation, where only the first term of the expansion of the vertex function is taken into account. It is shown that the new approximation corrects disadvantages of the Green’s functions calculated in the standard approximation such as the dome shape of resonances and bends on the sides of resonance peaks. The appearance of a fine structure of the spectrum in the form of a narrow resonance on the Green’s function of spin waves and a narrow antiresonance on the Green’s function of elastic waves, which was previously predicted in the standard self-consistent approximation, is confirmed. With an increase in the parameter k{sub c}, the Green’s functions calculated in the standard and new approximations approach each other and almost coincide with each other at k{sub c}/k ≥ 0.5. At the same time, the results of this work indicate that the new self-consistent approximation has a certain advantage for studying the problems of stochastic radiophysics in media with long-wavelength inhomogeneities (small k{sub c} values), because it describes both the shape and width of peaks much better than the standard approximation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Renormalized linear kinetic theory as derived from quantum field theory: A novel diagrammatic method for computing transport coefficients

We propose a novel diagrammatic method for computing transport coefficients in relativistic quantum field theory. The self-consistent equation for summing the diagrams with pinch singularities has the form of a linearized kinetic equation as usual, but our formalism enables us to incorporate higher-order corrections of the coupling systematically for the first time. Furthermore, it is clarified that the higher-order corrections are nicely summarized into that of the vertex function, spectral function, and collision term. We identify the diagrams up to the next-to-next-leading-order corrections in the weak coupling expansion of {phi}{sup 4} theory, which is a difficult task in kinetic approaches and other diagrammatic methods.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Fermi-liquid theory and divergences of the two-particle irreducible vertex in the periodic Anderson lattice

Here we analyze the divergences of the irreducible vertex function in dynamical mean field theory, which may indicate either a nonphysical breakdown of the perturbation theory or a response to some physical phenomenon. To investigate this question, we construct a quasiparticle vertex from the diverging irreducible vertex functions. This vertex describes the scattering between quasiparticles and quasiholes in a Fermi liquid. We show that the quasparticle vertex does not diverge in the charge channel, wherein the irreducible vertex does diverge; and we show that the quasiparticle vertex does diverge in the spin channel, wherein the irreducible vertex does not diverge. This divergence occurs at the Mott transition, wherein the Fermi-liquid theory breaks down. Both the half filled Hubbard and Anderson lattices are investigated. In general, our results support that the divergences of the irreducible vertex function do not indicate a nonphysical failure of the perturbation theory. Instead, the divergences are the mathematical consequence of inverting a matrix (the local charge susceptibility) which accumulates increasingly negative diagonal elements as the Hubbard interaction suppresses charge fluctuations. Indeed, we find that the first divergences of the irreducible vertex in both Hubbard and Anderson lattices occurs near the maximum magnitude of the (negative) vertex-connected part of the charge susceptibility.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Penguin-like diagrams from the standard model

The Standard Model is highly successful in describing the interactions of leptons and quarks. There are, however, rare processes that involve higher order effects in electroweak interactions. One specific class of processes is the penguin-like diagram. Such class of diagrams involves the neutral change of quark flavours accompanied by the emission of a gluon (gluon penguin), a photon (photon penguin), a gluon and a photon (gluon-photon penguin), a Z-boson (Z penguin), or a Higgs-boson (Higgs penguin). Such diagrams do not arise at the tree level in the Standard Model. They are, however, induced by one-loop effects. In this paper, we present an exact calculation of the penguin diagram vertices in the ‘tHooft-Feynman gauge. Renormalization of the vertex is effected by a prescription by Chia and Chong which gives an expression for the counter term identical to that obtained by employing Ward-Takahashi identity. The on-shell vertex functions for the penguin diagram vertices are obtained. The various penguin diagram vertex functions are related to one another via Ward-Takahashi identity. From these, a set of relations is obtained connecting the vertex form factors of various penguin diagrams. Explicit expressions for the gluon-photon penguin vertex form factors are obtained, and their contributions to the flavor changing processes estimated.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Electromagnetic properties of massive neutrinos

The vertex function for a virtual massive neutrino is calculated in the limit of soft real photons. A method based on employing the neutrino self-energy operator in a weak external electromagnetic field in the approximation linear in the field is developed in order to render this calculation of the vertex function convenient. It is shown that the electric charge and the electric dipole moment of the real neutrino are zero; only the magnetic moment is nonzero for massive neutrinos. A fourth-generation heavy neutrino of mass not less than half of the Z-boson mass is considered as a massive neutrino.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Krein regularization of QED

In this paper, the electron self-energy, photon self-energy and vertex functions are explicitly calculated in Krein space quantization including quantum metric fluctuation. The results are automatically regularized or finite. The magnetic anomaly and Lamb shift are also calculated in the one loop approximation in this method. Finally, the obtained results are compared to conventional QED results. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Krein regularization yields finite values for photon and electron self-energies and vertex function. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The magnetic anomaly is calculated and is exactly the same as the conventional result. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The Lamb shift is calculated and is approximately the same as in Hilbert space.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Effective shell-model hamiltonians from realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials within a perturbative approach

This paper discusses the derivation of an effective shell-model hamiltonian starting from a realistic nucleon-nucleon potential by way of perturbation theory. More precisely, we present the state of the art of this approach when the starting point is the perturbative expansion of the Q{sup -hat-}box vertex function. Questions arising from diagrammatics, intermediate-states and order-by-order convergences, and their dependence on the chosen nucleon-nucleon potential, are discussed in detail, and the results of numerical applications for the p-shell model space starting from chiral next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order potentials are shown. Moreover, an alternative graphical method to derive the effective hamiltonian, based on the Z{sup -hat-}box vertex function recently introduced by Suzuki et al., is applied to the case of a non-degenerate (0+2)h{omega} model space. Finally, our shell-model results are compared with the exact ones obtained from no-core shell-model calculations. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The derivation of nuclear realistic shell-model effective hamiltonians is studied. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Perturbation theory. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Diagrammatics, intermediate-states and order-by-order convergences are investigated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Shell-model calculations in degenerate and non-degenerate model spaces are presented. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Shell-model results are compared with the exact ones.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Eta decay and muonic puzzles

New physics motivated by muonic puzzles (proton radius and muon g - 2 discrepancies) is studied. Using a light scalar boson Φ, assuming Yukawa interactions, accounts for these muonic puzzles simultaneously. Our previous work limits the existence of such a scalar boson's mass m Φ from about 160 keV to 60 MeV. We improve this result by including the influence of all of the possible particles that couple to the Φ in computing the decay rate. Doing this involves including the strong interaction physics, involving quarks, necessary to compute the ηπΦ vertex function. The Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, which accounts for the spontaneous symmetry breaking that yields the constituent mass is employed to represent the relevant strong-interaction physics. We use the ηπΦ vertex function to reanalyze the electron beam dump experiments. The result is that the allowed range of m Φ lies between about 160 keV and 3.5 MeV. This narrow range represents an inviting target for ruling out or discovering this scalar boson. A possible UV completion of our phenomenological model is discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Two-particle correlations in a dynamic cluster approximation with continuous momentum dependence: Superconductivity in the two-dimensional Hubbard model

The DCA + algorithm was recently introduced by Stear, Maier, and Schulthess [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115101 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.115101] to extend the dynamic cluster approximation (DCA) with a continuous lattice self-energy in order to achieve better convergence with cluster size. In this work, we extend the DCA + algorithm to the calculation of two-particle correlation functions by introducing irreducible vertex functions with continuous momentum dependence consistent with the DCA + self-energy. This enables a significantly more controlled and reliable study of phase transitions than with the DCA. We test the new method by calculating the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ in the attractive Hubbard model and show that it reproduces previous determinantal quantum Monte Carlo results. We then calculate $T_c$ in the doped repulsive Hubbard model, for which previous DCA calculations could only access the weak-coupling ($\textit{U}$ =4$\textit{t}$) regime for large clusters. Here, we show that the new algorithm provides access to much larger clusters and delivers asymptotically converged results for $T_c$ for both the weak ($\textit{U}$ =4$\textit{t}$) and intermediate ($\textit{U}$ =7$\textit{t}$) coupling regimes, and thereby enables the accurate determination of the exact infinite cluster size result.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

High T{sub c} in cuprates as a universal property of the electron–phonon system

The Eliashberg theory, which is generalized due to peculiar properties of the finite-width electron band for electron–phonon (EP) systems with a variable electron density of states (DOS), as well as with allowance for the electron–hole nonequivalence of the frequency behavior of the chemical potential renormalization depending on the doping level and electron correlations in the vertex function, is used to study T{sub c} in cuprates. The phonon contribution to the nodal anomalous electron Green’s function (GF) is considered. Pairing within the total width of the electron band, and not only in a narrow layer at the Fermi surface, is taken into account. The calculated frequency and temperature dependences, as well as the dependence on the doping level of the complex renormalization ReZ, ImZ of the mass, complex renormalization Reχ(ω), Imχ(ω) of the chemical potential, and DOS N(ε) renormalized due to the EP interaction are used to calculate the electron nodal anomalous GF. It is found that the effect of suppressing the high-frequency contribution to the Eliashberg equations derived anew for the EP system with a finite width of the electron band is a decisive factor for the manifestation of the effect of high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC). It is shown that in the vicinity of the optimal hole-type doping level in cuprates, the high value of T{sub c} is reproduced by the spectral function of the electron–phonon interaction, which is obtained from tunneling experiments. Upon an increase in the doping level, leading to an increase in the degree of electron–hole nonequivalence, the new logarithmic term appearing in the equations for T{sub c} has a tendency to increase T{sub c}, while intensification of damping of charge carriers (especially suppression of the cutoff factor) leads to a decrease in T{sub c}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗