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DOE OSTI2016

HySafe research priorities workshop report Summary of the workshop organized in cooperation with US DOE and supported by EC JRC in Washington DC November 10-11 2014.

The HySafe research priorities workshop is held on the even years between the International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) which is held on the odd years. The research priorities workshop is intended to identify the state-of-the-art in understanding of the physical behavior of hydrogen and hydrogen systems with a focus on safety. Typical issues addressed include behavior of unintended hydrogen releases, transient combustion phenomena, effectiveness of mitigation measures, and hydrogen effects in materials. In the workshop critical knowledge gaps are identified. Areas of research and coordinated actions for the near and medium term are derived and prioritized from these knowledge gaps. The stimulated research helps pave the way for the rapid and safe deployment of hydrogen technologies on a global scale. To support the idea of delivering globally accepted research priorities for hydrogen safety the workshop is organized as an internationally open meeting. In attendance are stakeholders from the academic community (universities, national laboratories), funding agencies, and industry. The industry participation is critically important to ensure that the research priorities align with the current needs of the industry responsible for the deployment of hydrogen technologies. This report presents the results of the HySafe Research Priorities Workshop held in Washing- ton, D.C. on November 10-11, 2014. At the workshop the participants presented updates (since the previous workshop organized two years before in Berlin, Germany) of their research and development work on hydrogen safety. Following the workshop, participants were asked to provide feedback on high-priority topics for each of the research areas discussed and to rank research area categories and individual research topics within these categories. The research areas were ranked as follows (with the percentage of the vote in parenthesis): 1. Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Tools (23%) 2. Reduced Model Tools (15%) 3. Indoor (13%) 4. Unintended Release-Liquid (11%) 5. Unintended Release-Gas (8%) 6. Storage (8%) 7. Integration Platforms (7%) 8. Hydrogen Safety Training (7%) 9. Materials Compatibility/Sensors (7%) 10. Applications (2%) The workshop participants ranked the need for Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) tools as the top priority by a large margin. QRA tools enable an informed expert to quantify the risk asso- ciated with a particular hydrogen system in a particular scenario. With appropriate verification and validation such tools will enable: * system designers to achieve a desired level of risk with suitable risk mitigation strategies, * permitting officials to determine if a particular system installation meets the desired risk level (performance based Regulations, Codes, and Standards (RCS) rather than prescrip- tive RCS), and * allow code developers to develop code language based on rigorous and validated physical models, statistics and standardized QRA methodologies. Another important research topic identified is the development of validated reduced physical models for use in the QRA tools. Improvement of the understanding and modeling of specific release phenomena, in particular liquid releases, are also highly ranked research topics. Acknowledgement The International Association HySafe, represented here by the authors, would like to thank all participants of the workshop for their valuable contributions. Particularly appreciated is the active participation of the industry representatives and the steady support by the European Com- mission's Joint Research Centre (JRC). Deep gratitude is owed for the great support by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Fuel Cell Technologies Office (EERE/FCTO) for the organization of the 2014 version of the hydrogen safety research priorities workshop. This page intentionally left blank.

08 HYDROGEN↗

DOE OSTI2016

HySafe research priorities workshop report: Summary of the workshop organized in cooperation with US DOE and supported by EC JRC in Washington DC November 10-11, 2014

08 HYDROGEN↗

DOE OSTI2025

Workshop Report: Rural Electric Cooperative Distributed Energy Resource Business Model Development Workshops

The United States' energy future is being shaped by decades of technology innovation, rapidly changing consumer requirements, and governmental focus on securing reliable, low-cost energy sources. With expanded electrification and increased emphasis on grid reliability coupled with the heightened complexity and risks associated with transmission infrastructure, the use of distributed energy resources (DERs) is more commonly being considered a safe, efficient, and cost-effective way to maintain grid resilience and reliability. Amidst improvements in performance, decreasing costs, and unprecedented federal policy support for DERs, electric cooperatives are considering new opportunities to use these assets to ensure secure and reliable operations for millions of customers. In light of these developments, a series of workshops were held to collaborate on the development of business models for DERs in rural electric cooperative ecosystems. The first workshop was held July 11, 2024, at the Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association Inc. headquarters in Westminster, Colorado (hereafter referred to as the "Tri-State Workshop"). The second workshop was hosted by PNGC Power on Oct. 9, 2024, in Portland, Oregon (hereafter referred to as the "PNGC Power Workshop"). These workshops convened representatives from G&Ts, distribution cooperatives,2 the energy industry, the financial community, the U.S. government, national and regional organizations, and national laboratories to share perspectives on the unique needs, challenges, and opportunities that they face as DERs are further integrated into the grid. The workshops were designed to address the following objectives: (1) develop the enabling attributes of electric cooperative DER business models, (2) explore pathways for generating community benefits from these assets, and (3) identify technical challenges and market risks for DERs in rural electric cooperative service territories. This report outlines key findings and major themes identified by workshop participants that federal agencies, G&Ts, distribution cooperatives, and other entities can consider to advance electric cooperative DER business models.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2010

Findings of the US research needs workshop on the topic of fusion power

The US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (OFES) conducted a Research Needs Workshop, referred to as ReNeW, in June 2009. The information developed at this workshop will help OFES develop a plan for US fusion research during the ITER era, roughly the next two decades. The workshop was organized in five Themes, one of which was Harnessing Fusion Power (or Fusion Power for short). The top level goal of the Fusion Power Theme was to identify the research needed to develop the knowledge to design and build, with high confidence, robust and reliable systems that can convert fusion products to useful forms of energy in a reactor environment, including a self-sufficient supply of tritium fuel. Each Theme was subsequently subdivided into Panels to address specific topics. The Fusion Power Panel topics were: Fusion Fuel Cycle; Power Extraction; Materials Science; Safety and Environment; and Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Inspectability (RAMI). Finally, here we present the key findings of the Fusion Power Theme.

Meier, W. R.↗

DOE OSTI2013

First International Workshop on Grid Simulator Testing of Wind Turbine Drivetrains: Workshop Proceedings

This report summarizes the proceedings of the First International Workshop on Grid Simulator Testing of Wind Turbine Drivetrains, held from June 13 to 14, 2013, at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's National Wind Technology Center, located south of Boulder, Colorado. The workshop was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and cohosted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Clemson University under ongoing collaboration via a cooperative research and development agreement. The purpose of the workshop was to provide a forum to discuss the research, testing needs, and state-of-the-art apparatuses involved in grid compliance testing of utility-scale wind turbine generators. This includes both dynamometer testing of wind turbine drivetrains ('ground testing') and field testing grid-connected wind turbines. Four sessions followed by discussions in which all attendees of the workshop were encouraged to participate comprised the workshop.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2018

Subject Matter Expert Workshop for the Use of Municipal and Commercial Equipment for Radiological Response and Recovery: National Urban Security Technology Laboratory Workshop Summary Report

This report documents equipment and methods to aid in a wide-area radiological or nuclear response and recovery effort in an urban environment. This report summarizes a workshop held in New York City. The objective of this workshop was to incorporate lessons learned from a prior workshop, close the gaps on some areas that were not discussed in the prior workshop, and include additional subject matter experts from critical infrastructure operations, such as tunnels and bridges, the Port Authority, and mass transit. Various missions were postulated in a hypothetical emergency scenario under five broad support goal categories. Based on the findings and input from a series of such workshops and meetings, we plan to develop “best practices” for use of equipment responding to and recovering from a wide-area radiological incident.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗

DOE OSTI2022

Workshop on Integrated Sensor Systems for Manufacturing Applications (Workshop Report)

On January 25th and 26th, the Department of Energy’s Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) held the first in a series of workshops on different topics related to semiconductor research and development (R&D). This workshop focused on integrated sensor system R&D for manufacturing applications. As AMO is housed within the office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), the workshop addressed not only industry needs and R&D opportunities, but also the impacts that improvements in sensor systems can have on energy efficiency and greenhouse gas production. The output of this workshop will inform AMO’s future portfolio of R&D investments, provide perspectives on trends, drivers, and challenges for next generation semiconductor sensor systems, and help the stakeholder community understand the opportunities on the horizon.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2022

NNSA Advanced Photon Source Sector Opportunities Workshop (Workshop Summary)

An NNSA-Argonne National Laboratory workshop to define NNSA and external partner mission needs and opportunities at the Advanced Photon Source was held February 15-17, 2022. This workshop summary provides a fresh look at NNSA’s evolving mission needs, partner agency and university interests, x-ray photon characteristics, and technical requirements to meet those needs. The workshop was organized according to four breakout groups: Coupling dynamic drivers to a synchrotron, High explosives and chemical sciences, Process-structure-performance: X-ray experiments to understand materials behaviors, and Process-structure-performance: manufacturing and aging. This summary report describes the workshop outcomes, and the preliminary conceptual design for a dedicated Defense Materials Science Sector (DMSS) at the Advanced Photon Source.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2016

Introduction: The 2014 Sandia Verification and Validation Challenge Workshop [The 2014 Sandia Verification and Validation Challenge Workshop]

The 2014 Sandia Verification & Validation Challenge Workshop was held at the 3rd ASME Verification & Validation Symposium in Las Vegas, on May 5-8, 2014. The workshop was built around a challenge problem, formulated as an engineering investigation that required integration of experimental data, modeling and simulation, and verification and validation. The challenge problem served as a common basis for the ASME Journal of Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification participants to both demonstrate methodology and explore a critical aspect of the field: the role of verification and validation in establishing credibility and supporting decision making. Ten groups presented responses to the challenge problem at the workshop, and the follow-on efforts are documented in this special edition of the ASME Journal of Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2012

Proceedings of RIKEN BNL Research Center Workshop, Volume 113: Thermal Radiation Workshop

The RIKEN BNL Research Center (RBRC) was established in April 1997 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. It is funded by the "Rikagaku Kenkyusho" (RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) of Japan. The Memorandum of Understanding between RIKEN and BNL, initiated in 1997, has been renewed in 2002, 2007 and again in 2012. The Center is dedicated to the study of strong interactions, including spin physics, lattice QCD, and RHIC physics through the nurturing of a new generation of young physicists. The RBRC has both a theory and experimental component. The RBRC Theory Group and the RBRC Experimental Group consists of a total of 25-30 researchers. Positions include the following: full time RBRC Fellow, half-time RHIC Physics Fellow, and full-time post doctoral Research Associate. The RHIC Physics Fellows hold joint appointments with RBRC and other institutions and have tenure track positions at their respective universities or BNL. To date, RBRC has over 95 graduates (Fellows and Post- docs) of which approximately 40 theorists and 20 experimenters have already attained tenure positions at major institutions worldwide. Beginning in 2001 a new RIKEN Spin Program (RSP) category was implemented at RBRC. These appointments are joint positions of RBRC and RIKEN and include the following positions in theory and experiment: RSP Researchers, RSP Research Associates, and Young Researchers, who are mentored by senior RBRC Scientists. A number of RIKEN Jr. Research Associates and Visiting Scientists also contribute to the physics program at the Center. RBRC has an active workshop program on strong interaction physics with each workshop focused on a specific physics problem. In most cases all the talks are made available on the RBRC website. In addition, highlights to each speaker’s presentation are collected to form proceedings which can therefore be made available within a short time after the workshop. To date there are over one hundred proceeding volumes available. A 10 teraflops RBRC QCDOC computer funded by RIKEN, Japan, was unveiled at a dedication ceremony at BNL on May 26, 2005. This supercomputer was designed and built by individuals from Columbia University, IBM, BNL, RBRC, and the University of Edinburgh, with the U.S. D.O.E. Office of Science providing infrastructure support at BNL. Physics results were reported at the RBRC QCDOC Symposium following the dedication. QCDSP, a 0.6 teraflops parallel processor, dedicated to lattice QCD, was begun at the Center on February 19, 1998, was completed on August 28, 1998, and was decommissioned in 2006. It was awarded the Gordon Bell Prize for price performance in 1998. QCDOC was decommissioned in May 2012. The next generation computer in this sequence, QCDCQ (600 Teraflops), is currently operational and is expected to produce many more interesting discoveries in the future.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Extreme Heterogeneity 2018 - Productive Computational Science in the Era of Extreme Heterogeneity: Report for DOE ASCR Workshop on Extreme Heterogeneity

The 2018 Basic Research Needs Workshop on Extreme Heterogeneity identified five Priority Research Directions for realizing the capabilities needed to address the challenges posed in this era of rapid technological change. This report captures the outcomes of that workshop. In the context of extreme heterogeneity, it defines basic research needs and opportunities in computer science research to develop smart and trainable operating and runtime systems, programming environments, and predictive tools that will make future systems easier to adapt to scientists’ computing needs and easier for facilities to deploy securely.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2018

Subject Matter Expert Workshop for the Use of Municipal and Commercial Equipment for Radiological Response and Recovery: Argonne National Laboratory Workshop Summary Report

This report summarizes a workshop held in Argonne National Laboratory to identify the equipment and databases that support methods that might be available for emergency operations. Specifically, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Homeland Security identified a need to develop response and recovery guidance to mitigate the effects of a radiological or nuclear release that compromises recovery in an urban environment or at a critical infrastructure. The objective of this workshop was to discuss the experience of the first responder community and environmental remediation specialists to identify equipment and methods that may be used to accomplish various missions summarized under five broad support goals. This document summarizes the comments from the Argonne National Laboratory meeting. Based on the findings and input from a series of such workshops, we plan to develop “best practices” for use of equipment responding to and recovering from a wide-area radiological incident.

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTAN↗

DOE OSTI2022

CABLE Big Idea RDD&D Workshop (Workshop Summary Report)

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) held the CABLE Big Idea RDD&D Workshop April 7–9, 2021. The virtual workshop brought together approximately 250 leading scientific and technical experts to gather information on the state of the art in conductivity-enhanced materials and their applications. These stakeholders included scientists, engineers, manufacturers, materials experts, utility companies, and other entities within the conductor material and electrical product manufacturing supply chains. The two main goals of the workshop were to 1) start building and strengthening a research ecosystem around conductivity-enhanced materials and 2) inform AMO’s future portfolio of research, development, demonstration, and deployment (RDD&D) investments and other program activities in the area of conductivity-enhanced materials. CABLE—or Conductivity-enhanced materials for Affordable, Breakthrough Leapfrog Electric and thermal applications—was was established as an Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy initiative as a result of a competitive internal process to identify and prioritize potentially high-impact research topics. Since then, conductivity-enhanced materials have been identified as an important element of the shift to an electrified and decarbonized industry sector, and CABLE remains a Big Idea. The CABLE effort is led by AMO and supported by eight other offices within DOE. The first major effort under CABLE was the development of several subtopics for DOE’s Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) programs in 2020. Another major activity was the launch of the CABLE Conductor Manufacturing Prize in March 2021.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2022

Workshop on Ultra-Precision Control for Ultra-Efficient Devices (Workshop Report)

On April 21–23, the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) within the office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) held the second in a series of workshops on different topics related to semiconductor research and development (R&D) to increase energy efficiency. This workshop focused on ultra-energy-efficient devices and the ultra-precision manufacturing (UPM) processes and next-generation control and metrology technologies needed to manufacture these devices. In addition to the industry needs and RDD&D opportunities, AMO’s new goal on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction was addressed. The output of this workshop will inform AMO’s future R&D portfolio investments; provide perspectives on trends, drivers, and challenges for ultra-energy-efficient devices and enabling technologies; and help the stakeholder community understand the opportunities on the horizon.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2020

Fabricated ecosystem workshop: bridging laboratory to field science. Workshop report.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) scientists held a workshop at the DOE BER Genomic Sciences PI meeting on the use of Fabricated Ecosystems in Washington D.C. on February 25th, 2020. Ecosystem fabrication is an approach to creating controlled microbial, soil and plant ecologies within a laboratory setting that enable discovery and dissection of environmental variables, activities, and interactions. At Berkeley Lab, we are developing two systems which span spatial and temporal scales — the EcoFAB and the EcoPOD. The participants of the workshop discussed the potential applications and challenges of using fabricated ecosystems as tools to tackle BER-relevant scientific questions. Specifically, they identified (1) research challenges that would benefit from ready access to this infrastructure (2) identified and prioritized technical challenges that currently limit these systems and (3) discussed how to use them to bridge the gap between lab and field research. To ensure that the fabricated ecosystems , in particular the larger-scale EcoPODs, are of use to as much of the BER community as possible, the workshop participants made the following recommendations: 1. Produce publicly available datasets for a set of control variables. Use for benchmarking, and assessing reproducibility between systems. 2. Implement data standards. 3. Develop/leverage nano/micro sensors and in situ root imaging. 4. Encourage the development of interdisciplinary teams to develop EcoPOD experiments. 5. Develop fabricated ecosystems with size and complexity that sits between the EcoFAB and EcoPOD to accelerate use and access.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2024

Technical Report on the Belle II Summer Workshop and Explorer Workshop 2023

The 2023 Belle II Summer workshop took place July 24-28, 2023 at Duke University in Durham. The meeting webpage can be found at https://indico.belle2.org/event/8841/. The meeting had 58 registered participants with the overwhelming majority attending in person. The event at giving beginning graduate students and postdocs an overview over the Belle II physics program and detector as well as an in-depth exploration of the Belle II software. For the latter, several hands-on sessions were organized to introduce participants to the Belle II software as well as more specialized topics in statistics and Machine Learning. The workshop also featured an ML/AI competition. In addition to the DOE support, the workshop was also supported by the Duke Physics department. We were able to host almost all students that so wished in the Duke Dorms and provide a meal plan. The support enabled us to waive the registration fee for all participants and cover also part of the dorm costs. Furthermore, we covered travel costs for external speakers on ML/AI topics. Figures 1 and 2 show the group picture and a scene from the hands-on sessions, respectively.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Workshop Summary Report on Using AI Tools to Improve the Efficiency and Outcomes of the NEPA Process: AI for Permitting Workshop at the 2025 National Association of Environmental Professionals (NAEP) Annual Conference

On April 29, 2025, the U.S. Department of Energy and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory hosted a workshop at the National Association of Environmental Professionals 2025 Conference and Training Symposium in Charleston, South Carolina, titled, “Effective and Responsible Use of Customized AI Tools to Improve the Efficiency and Outcomes of the NEPA Process.” The objectives of this workshop were to make environmental practitioners aware of the potential for using artificial intelligence in the National Environmental Policy Act process, demonstrate examples of how artificial intelligence can be integrated effectively to improve efficiency and outcomes and solicit questions and feedback from practitioners. This report summarizes the key points from all talks and case studies, as well as audience questions and feedback on the presentation topics and the broader topic of "AI in permitting". The report concludes by highlighting the key barriers and opportunities for the implementation of AI in permitting, as discussed during the workshop.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2026

Plant Design for a Developing Bioeconomy Workshop Report: Frontier Science for the Bioeconomy Workshop Series

Recent advances in fundamental plant biology research, synthetic biology, and artificial intelligence (AI) are unlocking powerful new capabilities in plant biodesign, offering unprecedented potential to reimagine plants as programmable platforms for resource-efficient production of bioenergy, biomaterials, chemicals, and more. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) convened the Plant Design for a Developing Bioeconomy virtual workshop on March 12 through 14, 2025, to bring together leaders across plant science, engineering, and computation to assess the current landscape and define a bold vision for future research. Discussions during the workshop built upon findings included in DOE’s Biological and Environmental Research (BER) workshop report Overcoming Barriers in Plant Transformation: A Focus on Bioenergy Crops (U.S. DOE 2024; genomicscience. energy.gov/plant-transformation). Participants identified critical knowledge gaps, technical barriers, and emerging opportunities in the design and engineering of plant systems to support a robust, resilient domestic bioeconomy aligned with DOE’s mission.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗