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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Effect of ultrasound treatment on the morpho-structural and luminescent characteristics of cerium doped yttrium silicate phosphors

Highlights: • Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce is prepared by gel combustion in ultrasound conditions (US). • Morpho-structural characteristics are revealed based on FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET. • Incorporation of Ce{sup 3+} in X1/X2 type centers depends on preparative conditions. • US treatment increases the luminescent performances up to 151%. - Abstract: Cerium activated yttrium silicate (Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce) phosphors were prepared by gel-combustion, using yttrium–cerium nitrate as oxidizer, aspartic acid as fuel and TEOS as source of silicon. Two modalities for samples preparation were approached namely: the classical gel-combustion and sonication gel-combustion. The ultrasound treatment during the gelling stage has a positive effect on the structural and luminescent characteristics of the final product. Therefore, a well crystallized single X2–Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} phase phosphor was obtained at 1200 °C. Based on FT-IR and XRD investigations, conversion of X1 to X2–Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} phases is observed as the firing temperature is varied (1100 °C, 1200 °C, 1300 °C 1400 °C). The ultrasound treatment leads to smaller particle size and enhances the luminescent performances up to 151% in comparison with samples prepared by classical way.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

The influence of synthesis methods on the morpho - structural and luminescent characteristics of rare earth silicate phosphors

Cerium activated yttrium silicate (Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce) phosphors were prepared by two different wet-chemical synthesis routes namely: simultaneous addition of reagents (SimAd) and solution combustion (SC) using yttriumcerium nitrate and urea as starting materials. TEOS or SiO{sub 2} fume were used as Si sources. A comparative study regarding the morpho-structural and luminescent properties of Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce phosphors is presented. The influence of the silicon source, same as the firing temperature on the samples characteristics were discussed. TG-SDTA, FT-IR, SEM, XRD and photoluminescence investigations were used to characterize the precursors and the corresponding phosphors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1991

Glass formation and crystallization in high-temperature glass-ceramics and Si3N4

The softening of glassy grain boundaries in ceramic matrix composites and Si3N4 at high temperatures reduces mechanical strength and the upper-use temperature. By crystallizing this glass to a more refractory crystalline phase, a material which performs at higher temperatures may result. Three systems were examined: a cordierite composition with ZrO2 as a nucleating agent; celsian compositions; and yttrium silicate glasses both in bulk and intergranular in Si3N4. For the cordierite compositions, a series of metastable phases was obtained. The crystallization of these compositions was summarized in terms of metastable ternary isothermal sections. Zircon formed at the expense of ZrO2 and spinel. In SiC composites, the transformations were slower. In celsian, two polymorphs were crystallized. One phase, hexacelsian, which always crystallized, even when metastable, had an undesirable volume change. The other phase, celsian, was very difficult to crystallize. In yttrium silicate bulk glasses, similar in composition to the intergranular glass in Si3N4, a number of polymorphs of Y2Si2O7 were crystallized. The conditions under which these polymorphs formed are compared with crystallization in Si3N4.

Drummond, Charles H., III↗
DOE OSTI2012

Hydrothermal synthesis of new rare earth silicate fluorides: A novel class of polar materials

Polar crystals provide an interesting avenue for materials research both in the structures they form and the properties they possess. This work describes the hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of three novel silicate fluorides. Compound (1), LiY{sub 3}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 2}F{sub 2} crystallizes in space group C2/c, with a=17.651(4) A, b=4.8868(10) A, c=11.625(2) A and {beta}=131.13(3) Degree-Sign . BaY{sub 2}(Si{sub 2}O{sub 7})F{sub 2} (2) crystallizes in space group P-1, with a=5.1576(10) A, b=6.8389(14) A, c=11.786(2) A, {alpha}=93.02(3) Degree-Sign , {beta}=102.05(3) Degree-Sign and {gamma}=111.55(3) Degree-Sign . Finally, the structure of Ba{sub 2}Y{sub 3}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 2}F{sub 5} (3) was determined in the polar orthorhombic space group Pba2, having unit cell parameters a=8.8864(18) A, b=12.764(3) A and c=5.0843(10) A. The structures are compared based on their building blocks and long range polarities. Aligned silicate tetrahedra segregated into a single layer in (3) impart the observed polarity. - Graphical abstract: The polar structure of Ba{sub 2}Y{sub 3}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 2}F{sub 5}. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Natural yttrium silicate fluoride minerals are briefly reviewed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The synthesis and structures of LiY{sub 3}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 2}F{sub 2}, BaY{sub 2}(Si{sub 2}O{sub 7})F{sub 2} and Ba{sub 2}Y{sub 3}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 2}F{sub 5} are discussed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ba{sub 2}Y{sub 3}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 2}F{sub 5} crystallizes in the polar space group Pba2. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Polarity occurs primarily through aligned silicate tetrahedra in a segregated layer.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Composite electrolytes ceramic Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12}/glassy Li{sub 2}O-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2}

Highlights: • We synthesized Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12}-x wt% 40.2Li{sub 2}O·5.7Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}·54.1SiO{sub 2} (x = 1–10) composites. • Density of the composite samples is higher than one of the sintered Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12}. • The composition with x = 5 has high total conductivity, 2.5 × 10{sup −5} S cm{sup −1} at 25 °C. - Abstract: We have investigated the effect of lithium yttrium-silicate glass 40.2Li{sub 2}O·5.7Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}·54.1SiO{sub 2} on the density and total conductivity of tetragonal Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12}. An optimal sintering temperature (1200 °C) was selected on the basis of a composite with 1 wt% of the glass having the highest density and total conductivity after annealing at this temperature. A series of composites Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12}-x wt% 40.2Li{sub 2}O·5.7Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}·54.1SiO{sub 2} (x = 1–10) was prepared. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The data revealed that the sintering additive interacted with Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12}, causing the glass to crystallize during annealing. The conductivity of the composites was studied using complex impedance spectroscopy over a temperature range of 20–250 °C. The composite with x = 5 exhibited the highest total conductivity at room temperature: 2.5 × 10{sup −5} S cm{sup −1}.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

Solid state reactions of nanocrystalline Ce{sub 0.5}Yb{sub 0.5}O{sub 1.75} mixed oxide with high surface area silica in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere

The interaction of nanocrystalline Ce{sub 0.5}Yb{sub 0.5}O{sub 1.75} mixed oxide with a high surface amorphous silica support in an oxidizing and reducing atmosphere was studied by XRD, HRTEM, SAED, SEM and BET techniques. The Ce{sub 0.5}Yb{sub 0.5}O{sub 1.75}-SiO{sub 2} system shows very high structural and size stability in the oxidizing atmosphere up to 1000 Degree-Sign C, but in hydrogen spreading of the oxide onto silica occurs at temperatures above 800 Degree-Sign C. In the oxidizing atmosphere stability of the mixed oxide is limited by extraction of ytterbium from the oxide driven by a tendency to form ytterbium silicates. A new polymorph of Yb silicate, isomorphic with y-Y{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} (yttrialite), has been identified in the samples containing the mixed Ce-Yb oxide. The absence of y-Yb{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} silicate in the Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2} samples treated in similar conditions indicates that Ce{sup 4+} ions are needed to stabilize the structure. - Graphical abstract: Structure evolution of nano-Ce{sub 0.5}Yb{sub 0.5}O{sub 1.75}-SiO{sub 2} in air and in H{sub 2}. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Nano-Ce{sub 0.50}Yb{sub 0.50}O{sub 1.75} on SiO{sub 2} is stable in air up to 1000 Degree-Sign C but spreads in hydrogen at 800 Degree-Sign C. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Formation of Yb silicates determines the stability of Ce{sub 0.50}Yb{sub 0.50}O{sub 1.75} at high temperatures. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer New, y-Yb{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} silicate (yttrialite type) forms in Ce{sub 0.5}Yb{sub 0.5}O{sub 1.75}-SiO{sub 2} in H{sub 2} at 1100 Degree-Sign C.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Spectroscopy and Luminescence Dynamics of Ce 3+ and Sm 3+ in LiYSiO 4

The lithium yttrium silicate series of LiY 1-x Ln x SiO 4 exhibits superb chemical and optical properties, and with Ln = Ce 3+ , Sm 3+ , its spectroscopic characteristics and luminescence dynamics are investigated in the present work. Energy transfer and non-radiative relaxation dramatically influence the Ln 3+ luminescence spectra and decay dynamics, especially in the Ce 3+ -Sm 3+ co-doped phosphors. It is shown that thermal-quenching of the blue Ce 3+ luminescence is primarily due to thermal ionization in the 5d excited states rather than multi-phonon relaxation, whereas cross-relaxation arising from electric dipole-dipole interaction between adjacent Sm 3+ ions is the leading mechanism that quenches the red Sm 3+ luminescence. In the co-doped systems, Ce 3+ -Sm 3+ energy transfer in competing with the thermal quenching enhance the emission from Sm 3+ . The combined influences of concentration quenching, thermal ionization, energy transfer including cross-relaxation on the luminescence intensity of single-center and co-doped phosphors are analyzed based on the theories of ion-ion and ion-lattice interactions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Temperature-dependent segregation of Pr{sup 3+} impurity ions in Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}:Pr{sup 3+} and YPO{sub 4}:Pr{sup 3+} nanocrystals

Stationary and time-resolved spectroscopic methods are used to show that the impurity ions in Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}:Pr{sup 3+} and YPO{sub 4}:Pr{sup 3+} nanocrystals are distributed nonuniformly. This nonuniform distribution is found to be caused by the temperature-dependent segregation of Pr{sup 3+} ions near the surface of a nanocrystal. The motion of the activator ions from the bulk of a nanocrystal to the near-surface layer is traced when the activator concentration and the heat-treatment parameters are varied over wide ranges, and the main parameters of this effect (impurity redistribution intensity and time, diffusion coefficient) are estimated.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Interaction of Ce{sub 1−x}Er{sub x}O{sub 2−y} nanoparticles with SiO{sub 2}-effect of temperature and atmosphere

Morphology, microstructure and phase evolution of homogeneous, nanocrystalline Ce{sub 1−x}Er{sub x}O{sub 2−x/2} mixed oxide (x=0.3 and 0.5), prepared by microemulsion method, supported on amorphous SiO{sub 2} was studied in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere by XRD, TEM, SEM-EDS and N{sub 2} adsorption. The system is structurally and chemically stable in the oxidizing atmosphere up to 1000 °C, exhibiting only a small increase of the mean crystallite size of the oxide to ∼4 nm. At 1100 °C formation of Er silicate with unusual structure isomorphic with y-Y{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} (yttrialite), stabilized by Ce{sup 4+} ions was observed. In the reducing atmosphere the Ce{sub 1−x}Er{sub x}O{sub 2−x/2} reacted with SiO{sub 2} already at 900 °C, due to high affinity of the reduced Ce{sup 3+} to form a silicate phase. At higher temperature the silicate crystallized into the tetragonal, low temperature A-(Ce{sub 1−x}Er{sub x}){sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} polymorph. Such systems, containing nanocrystalline silicate particles with Er{sup 3+} ions placed in well defined sites embedded in silica matrix, may be interesting as highly efficient active components of optical waveguides amplifiers integrated with Si microelectronics. The nanocrystalline Ce–Er–O/SiO{sub 2} system prepared by the impregnation of the silica with the aqueous solution of nitrates appeared to be chemically inhomogeneous and less stable in both oxidising and reducing atmosphere. - Graphical abstract: Structure evolution of Ce{sub 0.5}Er{sub 0.5}O{sub 1.75} in air and in H{sub 2}. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Homogeneous 3 nm Ce{sub 1−x}Er{sub x}O{sub 2−y} particles were prepared and uniformly dispersed on SiO{sub 2}. • Er diffusion to SiO{sub 2} determines the stability of the mixed oxide in air to ∼1000 °C. • Spreading of Ce{sub 1−x}Er{sub x}O{sub 2−y} onto SiO{sub 2} occurs in hydrogen at 900 °C. • Nanocrystalline A-(Ce,Er){sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} silicate forms in H{sub 2} at 1100 °C.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Coupling of erbium dopants to yttrium orthosilicate photonic crystal cavities for on-chip optical quantum memories

Erbium dopants in crystals exhibit highly coherent optical transitions well suited for solid-state optical quantum memories operating in the telecom band. Here, we demonstrate coupling of erbium dopant ions in yttrium orthosilicate to a photonic crystal cavity fabricated directly in the host crystal using focused ion beam milling. The coupling leads to reduction of the photoluminescence lifetime and enhancement of the optical depth in microns-long devices, which will enable on-chip quantum memories.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Cooperative upconversion luminescence in Tb{sup 3+}:Yb{sup 3+} co-doped Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} powders prepared by combustion synthesis

Frequency upconversion (UC) luminescence via cooperative energy transfer (CET) process between pairs of Yb{sup 3+} and Tb{sup 3+} ions was investigated in Tb{sup 3+}:Yb{sup 3+}:Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} crystalline ceramic powders prepared by combustion synthesis. Surface morphology and structure of the powders were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Photoluminescence experiments were performed in Tb{sup 3+}-singly doped samples using ultraviolet light (λ=255 nm) and in Tb{sup 3+}:Yb{sup 3+} co-doped samples using a near-infrared (NIR) diode laser (λ=975 nm). Upon excitation with the NIR diode laser, UC luminescence with an intense emission band centered at ∼549 nm, corresponding to the 4f intraband {sup 5}D{sub 4}→{sup 7}F{sub 5} transition of Tb{sup 3+}, along with less intense emission bands at ∼490, ∼590 and ∼620 nm, corresponding to other {sup 5}D{sub 4}→{sup 7}F{sub J} transitions, was detected. The CET rate was estimated by analyzing the dynamics of UC luminescence with rate equations model of the electronic populations. -- Graphical Abstract: Left: Cooperative upconversion luminescence spectra of three powder samples prepared by combustion synthesis. Right: The SEM image of the powder showing that it consists of agglomerated flake-like shaped particles of various sizes. Full scale bar is 20 μm. Highlights: • Yttrium orthosilicate (Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}) powders were prepared by combustion synthesis. • Cooperative upconversion is observed for the first time in Tb{sup 3+}–Yb{sup 3+} doped Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}. • Energy transfer and back-transfer rates between Tb{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 3+} pairs were estimated.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Hybrid quantum circuit with implanted erbium ions

We report on hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics experiments with focused ion beam implanted Er{sup 3+} ions in Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} coupled to an array of superconducting lumped element microwave resonators. The Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} crystal is divided into several areas with distinct erbium doping concentrations, each coupled to a separate resonator. The coupling strength is varied from 5 MHz to 18.7 MHz, while the linewidth ranges between 50 MHz and 130 MHz. We confirm the paramagnetic properties of the implanted spin ensemble by evaluating the temperature dependence of the coupling. The efficiency of the implantation process is analyzed and the results are compared to a bulk doped Er:Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} sample. We demonstrate the integration of these engineered erbium spin ensembles with superconducting circuits.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Multi-mode technique for the determination of the biaxial Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} permittivity tensor from 300 to 6 K

The Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} (YSO) crystal is a dielectric material with biaxial anisotropy with known values of refractive index at optical frequencies. It is a well-known rare-earth (RE) host material for optical research and more recently has shown promising performance for quantum-engineered devices. In this paper, we report the first microwave characterization of the real permittivity tensor of a bulk YSO sample, as well as an investigation of the temperature dependence of the tensor components from 296 K down to 6 K. Estimated uncertainties were below 0.26%, limited by the precision of machining the cylindrical dielectric. Also, the electrical Q-factors of a few electromagnetic modes were recorded as a way to provide some information about the crystal losses over the temperature range. To solve the tensor components necessary for a biaxial crystal, we developed the multi-mode technique, which uses simultaneous measurement of low order whispering gallery modes. Knowledge of the permittivity tensor offers important data, essential for the design of technologies involving YSO, such as microwave coupling to electron and hyperfine transitions in RE doped samples at low temperatures.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Discovery of iron group impurity ion spin states in single crystal Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} with strong coupling to whispering gallery photons

Interaction of Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs) with dilute spin ensembles in solids is an interesting paradigm of Hybrid Quantum Systems potentially beneficial for Quantum Signal Processing applications. Unexpected ion transitions are measured in single crystal Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} using WGM spectroscopy with large Zero Field Splittings at 14.7 GHz, 18.4 GHz, and 25.4 GHz, which also feature considerable anisotropy of the g-tensors as well as two inequivalent lattice sites, indicating spins from Iron Group Ion (IGI) impurities. The comparison of undoped and Rare-Earth doped crystals reveal that the IGIs are introduced during co-doping of Eu{sup 3+} or Er{sup 3+} with concentration at much lower levels of order 100 ppb. The strong coupling regime between an ensemble of IGI spins and WGM photons have been demonstrated at 18.4 GHz and near zero field. This approach together with useful optical properties of these ions opens avenues for “spins-in-solids” Quantum Electrodynamics.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗