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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Quadratic Zeeman effect in hydrogen at 2–3 MG magnetic fields

The Zeeman effect is used for measurement of magnetic fields in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. Magnetic fields in atmospheres of magnetic white dwarf stars are in the range 40 kG–1 GG. The quadratic Zeeman effect results in the additional split and shift of lines for magnetic fields >2 MG. Hydrogen Balmer lines were studied in magnetic fields delivered by a 1 MA pulse power generator. The magnetic field was generated by rod loads 0.8–1 mm in diameter. A droplet of CH oil on the load center was the source of hydrogen. A low ionized oil layer was backlit by blackbody emission from the rod with a temperature of 0.5–0.6 eV. Zeeman splitting of H-alpha and H-beta absorption lines were with a grating spectrometer. A spectral shift of the central component of the triplet indicated the quadratic Zeeman effect in hydrogen lines.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

An experimental platform for investigation of the Zeeman effect in strong magnetic fields

An experimental platform is developed for the investigation of the Zeeman effect in strong magnetic fields. Mega-Gauss magnetic fields are generated by a 1 MA Zebra pulsed power machine using metal rod loads. A gas jet or CH oil on the load is the source of hydrogen. Excited hydrogen atoms are backlit by black body radiation from the rod load. Hydrogen absorption spectra are recorded with a grating spectrometer and intensified gated CCD camera. Furthermore, the experimental platform enables the observation of the quadratic Zeeman effect in hydrogen gas jets using the spectral shift of the central line in the Zeeman triplet. Other gases can be studied using the gas jet method.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2017

THE ZEEMAN EFFECT IN THE 44 GHZ CLASS I METHANOL MASER LINE TOWARD DR21(OH)

We report detection of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line, toward the star-forming region DR21(OH). In a 219 Jy beam{sup −1} maser centered at an LSR velocity of 0.83 km s{sup −1}, we find a 20- σ detection of zB {sub los} = 53.5 ± 2.7 Hz. If 44 GHz methanol masers are excited at n ∼ 10{sup 7–8} cm{sup −3}, then the B versus n {sup 1/2} relation would imply, from comparison with Zeeman effect detections in the CN(1 − 0) line toward DR21(OH), that magnetic fields traced by 44 GHz methanol masers in DR21(OH) should be ∼10 mG. Combined with our detected zB {sub los} = 53.5 Hz, this would imply that the value of the 44 GHz methanol Zeeman splitting factor z is ∼5 Hz mG{sup −1}. Such small values of z would not be a surprise, as the methanol molecule is non-paramagnetic, like H{sub 2}O. Empirical attempts to determine z , as demonstrated, are important because there currently are no laboratory measurements or theoretically calculated values of z for the 44 GHz CH{sub 3}OH transition. Data from observations of a larger number of sources are needed to make such empirical determinations robust.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

VERY LARGE ARRAY DETECTION OF THE 36 GHz ZEEMAN EFFECT IN DR21W REVISITED

We report on the observation of the 36 GHz methanol maser line in the star-forming region DR21W to accurately measure the Zeeman effect. The Zeeman signature reported by Fish et al. became suspicious after an instrumental effect was discovered in the early days of the commissioning of the Very Large Array Wide-band Digital Architecture correlator. We conclude that the previously reported magnetic field strength of 58 mG (1.7 Hz mG{sup -1}/z) is instrumental in nature and thus incorrect. With the improved performance of the array, we now deduce a 3{sigma} limit of -4.7 to +0.4 mG (1.7 Hz mG{sup -1}/z) for the line-of-sight component of the magnetic field strength in DR21W.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Fermi surface distortion induced by interaction between Rashba and Zeeman effects

To evaluate Fermi surface distortion induced by interaction between Rashba and Zeeman effects, the channel resistance in an InAs quantum well layer is investigated with an in-plane magnetic field transverse to the current direction. In the magnetoresistance curve, the critical point occurs at ∼3.5 T, which is approximately half of the independently measured Rashba field. To get an insight into the correlation between the critical point in magnetoresistance curve and the Rashba strength, the channel conductivity is calculated using a two-dimensional free-electron model with relaxation time approximation. The critical point obtained from the model calculation is in agreement with the experiment, suggesting that the observation of critical point can be an alternative method to experimentally determine the Rashba parameter.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Stark and Zeeman effect in the [18.6]3.5 – X(1)4.5 transition of uranium monofluoride, UF

High resolution spectra of the 0-0 band of the [18.6]3.5 – X(1)4.5 transition of uranium monofluoride, UF, obtained using a laser ablation spectrometer, showed a perturbation in the upper state. Examination of the Stark and Zeeman effects yielded permanent electric dipole moments of 2.01 and 1.88 D and magnetic g-factors of 3.28 and 3.26 for the ground and excited states, respectively. Both the dipole moment and g-factor of the ground state are in good agreement with ab initio calculations [I. O. Antonov and M. C. Heaven, J. Phys. Chem. A 117, 9684 (2013)]. The Zeeman effect results confirm that the ground state arises primarily from the U{sup +}(5f {sup 3}7s{sup 24}I{sub 4.5})F{sup −} configuration and suggest several possible configurations for the upper state.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetooptical study of Zeeman effect in Mn modulation-doped InAs/InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well structures

We report on a magneto-photoluminescence (PL) study of Zeeman effect in Mn modulation-doped InAs/InGaAs/InAlAs quantum wells (QW). Two PL lines corresponding to the radiative recombination of photoelectrons with free and bound-on-Mn holes have been observed. In the presence of a magnetic field applied in the Faraday geometry, both lines split into two circularly polarized components. While temperature and magnetic field dependence of the splitting are well described by the Brillouin function, providing an evidence for exchange interaction with spin polarized manganese ions, the value of the splitting exceeds by two orders of magnitude the value of the giant Zeeman splitting estimated for the average Mn density in QW obtained by the secondary ion mass spectroscopy.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Temporal Fluctuations of Radiation of π and σ Components of a Mercury Capillary Lamp in the Presence of the Transverse Zeeman Effect

Temporal fluctuations of the intensity of radiation of the π component and of the sum of the σ{sup +} and σ components of capillary low-pressure lamps filled with mercury of natural isotopic composition are experimentally investigated in the presence of the transverse Zeeman effect. Results of investigations allow the operating regimes of such lamps used in a new experimental model of analyzer of mercury vapor concentration in atmospheric air to be optimized.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

COMPARISON OF TWO EPOCHS OF THE ZEEMAN EFFECT IN THE 44 GHz CLASS I METHANOL (CH{sub 3}OH) MASER LINE IN OMC-2

We present a second epoch of observations of the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line toward the star-forming region Orion Molecular Cloud 2. The observations were carried out with the Very Large Array, and constitute one of the first successful Zeeman effect detections with the new Wide-band Digital Architecture correlator. Comparing to the result of our earlier epoch of data for this region, we find that the intensity of the maser increased by 50%, but the magnetic field value has stayed the same, within the errors. This suggests that the methanol maser may be tracing the large-scale magnetic field that is not affected by the bulk gas motions or turbulence on smaller scales that is causing the change in maser intensity.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Spin Berry curvature-enhanced orbital Zeeman effect in a kagome metal

Berry phases and the related concept of Berry curvature can give rise to many unconventional phenomena in solids. Here, we discover a colossal orbital Zeeman effect of topological origin in a bilayer kagome metal, TbV 6 Sn 6 . Using spectroscopic imaging scanning tunnelling microscopy, we reveal that the magnetic field leads to a splitting of the gapped Dirac dispersion into two branches with enhanced momentum-dependent g factors, resulting in a substantial renormalization of the Dirac band. These measurements provide a direct observation of a magnetic field-controlled orbital Zeeman coupling to the orbital magnetic moments of up to 200 Bohr magnetons near the gapped Dirac points. Our work provides direct insight into the momentum-dependent nature of topological orbital moments and their tunability via the magnetic field, concomitant with the evolution of the spin Berry curvature. Furthermore, these results can be extended to explore large orbital magnetic moments driven by the Berry curvature governed by other quantum numbers beyond spin, such as the valley in certain graphene-based structures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Exciton diamagnetic shifts and valley Zeeman effects in monolayer WS 2 and MoS 2 to 65 Tesla

In bulk and quantum-confined semiconductors, magneto-optical studies have historically played an essential role in determining the fundamental parameters of excitons (size, binding energy, spin, dimensionality and so on). Here we report low-temperature polarized reflection spectroscopy of atomically thin WS 2 and MoS 2 in high magnetic fields to 65 T. Both the A and B excitons exhibit similar Zeeman splittings of approximately –230 μeV T–1 (g-factor ≃–4), thereby quantifying the valley Zeeman effect in monolayer transition-metal disulphides. Crucially, these large fields also allow observation of the small quadratic diamagnetic shifts of both A and B excitons in monolayer WS 2 , from which radii of ~1.53 and ~1.16 nm are calculated. Further, when analysed within a model of non-local dielectric screening, these diamagnetic shifts also constrain estimates of the A and B exciton binding energies (410 and 470 meV, respectively, using a reduced A exciton mass of 0.16 times the free electron mass). Lastly, these results highlight the utility of high magnetic fields for understanding new two-dimensional materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Zeeman effect of the topological surface states revealed by quantum oscillations up to 91 Tesla

In this paper, we report quantum oscillation studies on the Bi 2 Te 3-x S x topological insulator single crystals in pulsed magnetic fields up to 91 T. For the x = 0.4 sample with the lowest bulk carrier density, the surface and bulk quantum oscillations can be disentangled by combined Shubnikov–de Haas and de Hass–van Alphen oscillations, as well as quantum oscillations in nanometer-thick peeled crystals. At high magnetic fields beyond the bulk quantum limit, our results suggest that the zeroth Landau level of topological surface states is shifted due to the Zeeman effect. The g factor of the topological surface states is estimated to be between 1.8 and 4.5. Lastly, these observations shed new light on the quantum transport phenomena of topological insulators in ultrahigh magnetic fields.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Modelling CN Zeeman effect observations of the envelopes of a low-mass protostellar disc and a massive protostar

We use the POLARIS radiative transfer code to produce simulated circular polarization Zeeman emission maps of the cyanide (CN) J = 1–0 molecular line transition for two types of protostellar envelope magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Our first model is a low-mass disc envelope system (box length L = 200 au), and our second model is the envelope of a massive protostar (L = 104 au) with a protostellar wind and a CN-enhanced outflow shell. We compute the velocity-integrated Stokes I and V, as well as the implied V/I polarization percentage, for each detector pixel location in our simulated emission maps. Our results show that both types of protostellar environments are in principle accessible with current circular polarization instruments, with each containing swaths of envelope area that yield percentage polarizations that exceed the 1.8 percent nominal sensitivity limit for circular polarization experiments with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. In both systems, high-polarization (≳1.8 percent) pixels tend to lie at an intermediate distance away from the central star and where the line-centre opacity of the CN emission is moderately optically thin (τLC ~ 0.1–1). Furthermore, our computed V/I values scale roughly with the density-weighted mean line-of-sight magnetic field strength, indicating that Zeeman observations can effectively diagnose the strength of envelope-scale magnetic fields. We also find that pixels with large V/I are preferentially co-located where the absolute value of the velocity-integrated V is also large, suggesting that locations with favourable percentage polarization are also favourable in terms of raw signal.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Rashba-Zeeman-effect-induced spin filtering energy windows in a quantum wire

We perform a numerical study on the spin-resolved transport in a quantum wire (QW) under the modulation of both Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and a perpendicular magnetic field by using the developed Usuki transfer-matrix method in combination with the Landauer-Büttiker formalism. Wide spin filtering energy windows can be achieved in this system for unpolarized spin injection. In addition, both the width of energy window and the magnitude of spin conductance within these energy windows can be tuned by varying Rashba SOC strength, which can be apprehended by analyzing the energy dispersions and spin-polarized density distributions inside the QW, respectively. Further study also demonstrates that these Rashba-SOC-controlled spin filtering energy windows show a strong robustness against disorders. These findings may not only benefit to further understand the spin-dependent transport properties of a QW in the presence of external fields but also provide a theoretical instruction to design a spin filter device.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗