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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnSO4 by Materials Project

ZnSO4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Zn2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ZnO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent SO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent ZnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.33 Å. S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent ZnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–54°. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.52 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one S6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Zn2+ and one S6+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Zn2+ and one S6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnSO4 by Materials Project

ZnSO4 is Cuprite-derived structured and crystallizes in the cubic F-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Zn2+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent SO4 tetrahedra. All Zn–O bond lengths are 1.93 Å. S6+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent ZnO4 tetrahedra. All S–O bond lengths are 1.47 Å. O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Zn2+ and one S6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Electrodeposited Zinc-based Films as Anodes for Aqueous Zinc Batteries

Zinc-based batteries have attracted extensive attention in recent years, due to high safety, high capacities, environmental friendliness, and low cost compared to lithium ion batteries. However, the zinc anode suffers primarily from dendrite formation as a mode of failure in the mildly acidic system. Herein, we report on electrochemically deposited zinc (ED Zn) and copper-zinc (brass) alloy anodes, which are critically compared with a standard commercial zinc foil. The film electrodes are of commercially relevant thicknesses (21 and 25µM). The electrodeposited zinc-based anodes exhibit low electrode polarization (~0.025V) and stable cycling performance in 50 cycle consecutive experiments from 0.26-10 mA cm-2 compared to commercial Zn foil. Coulombic efficiencies at 1 mA cm-2 were over 98% for the electrodeposited zinc-based materials and were maintained for over 100 cycles. Furthermore, full cells with an electrodeposited Zn/brass anode, EMD MnO2 cathode, in 1M ZnSO4 + 0.1M MnSO4 delivered capacities of 96.3, and 163 mAh g-1, respectively, at a 100 mA g-1 compared to 92.1 mAh g-1 for commercial Zn. The zinc-based anodes also show better rate capability, delivering full cell capacities of 35.9 and 47.5 mAh g-1 at high current of up to 3 A g-1. Lastly, the electrodeposited zinc-based anodes show enhanced capacity for up to 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1, making them viable anodes for commercial use.

Fayette, Matthew R.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Mechanistic Investigation of Redox Processes in Zn-MnO2 battery in Mild Aqueous Electrolytes

Zinc-MnO2 based batteries have acquired attention for grid-level applications, due to impressive theoretical performance, cost effectiveness and intrinsic safety. However, there are still many challenges that remain elusive due to the complex and controversial mechanisms of operation that hinders commercialization. In this work, the detailed redox processes that occur at the cathode during Zn-MnO2 battery operation are elucidated. Using a blend of structural and electrochemical techniques, the redox pairs that occur during operation are mechanistically studied while also showcasing the true impact of the electrolyte additive (0.1 M MnSO4) in a 1 M ZnSO4 electrolyte. An electrochemical quartz-crystal microbalance (EQCM) has been leveraged to reveal the effect of zinc hydroxy sulfate salt (Zn4SO4(OH)6·nH2O) and zinc manganese oxide (ZnxMnyOz) dissolution/deposition, which are believed to be major components during discharge and charge conditions. . These results provide insight not currently available, allowing a holistic view of the electrochemical reaction mechanisms during battery operation.

Rodriguez Perez, Ismael A.↗