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At least 19 records

Ames National Laboratory Annual Site Environmental Report for CY2021

The primary purpose of this report is to summarize the performance of Ames National Laboratory’s environmental programs, present highlights of significant environmental activities, and confirm compliance with environmental regulations and requirements for calendar year 2021. This report is a working requirement of Department of Energy Order 231.1B, Environment, Safety and Health Reporting. It includes descriptions of the Laboratory’s site, mission, the status of its compliance with applicable environmental regulations, its planning and activities to maintain compliance, and a comprehensive review of its environmental protection, surveillance and monitoring activities. Ames National Laboratory is located on the campus of Iowa State University (ISU) and occupies 13 buildings owned by the Department of Energy (DOE). See the Laboratory’s Web page for location and Laboratory overview. The Laboratory also leases space in ISU owned buildings. In 2021, the Laboratory accumulated and disposed of hazardous waste under a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued generator number. All waste was handled according to applicable EPA, State, and local regulations and DOE Orders. The Laboratory operates as a Small Quantity Generator (SQG) of hazardous waste. There were no radiological air emissions or exposures to the general public due to Laboratory activities in 2021 (See U.S. Department of Energy Air Emissions Annual Report in Appendix A.) The Laboratory has an established Environmental Radiological Protection Program (Plan 10200.041) per DOE Order 458.1 requirements. Plans, policies, and procedures are in place to protect the public and the environment against undue risk from radiation associated with DOE radiological activities. As indicated in prior Site Environmental Reports, formal pollution prevention awareness, waste minimization and recycling programs have been in practice since 1990, with improvements implemented most recently in 2017 with Iowa State University’s shift toward single-stream recycling. Included in recycling efforts are items such as batteries, monitors, corrugated cardboard, lamps, miscellaneous electronic office equipment, mixed paper, newsprint, food/beverage containers, and laboratory glassware. Ames National Laboratory also recycles/reuses salvageable metal, used oil, and foamed polystyrene peanuts, and encourages chemical redistribution and sharing among research groups. Ames National Laboratory reported its contractual performance to DOE-Ames Site Office (AMSO) through the Laboratory’s Performance Evaluation Measurement Plan (PEMP), and a performance level of “B+” was achieved in 2021 for Sustain Excellence and Enhance Effectiveness of Integrated Safety, Health, and Environmental Protection As reported in Site Environmental Reports for prior years, the Laboratory’s Environmental Management System (EMS) has been integrated into the Laboratory’s Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) since 2005. The integration of EMS into Laboratory business practices allows the Laboratory to systematically review, address and respond to environmental impacts. In addition to DOE-identified objectives and targets, the EMS Steering Committee recommends annual environmental goals for the Laboratory. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and limited onsite work staff, goals of reducing water usage and travel/commuting to promote the reduction of scope 3 greenhouse gases were achieved. All contract deliverables and environmental compliance activities were still met during this time.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

AMES: MS and MENG in Advanced Manufacturing for Energy at the University of Connecticut (Final Technical Report)

The objective of the project is to develop and implement an advanced degree program (MS and MENG in Advanced Manufacturing for Energy Systems, AMES) responding to the long-term workforce and technology requirements of the nation’s advanced energy products manufacturing industry. The program provided an industry relevant research experience by leveraging existing energy (e.g. fuels, power electronics, electrochemical power sources) and advanced manufacturing (e.g. additive manufacturing, composites, sensing) research at UConn funded by federal and state agencies, and industry, as well as through our industry partnerships. The trainees have joined research teams, advised by faculty with relevant research interests and expertise and were co-advised by industrial mentors. The AMES program have developed a truly interdisciplinary curriculum, first graduate degree program at UConn School (now College) of Engineering not housed in an academic department, with concentrations focusing on various challenges in advanced manufacturing for energy systems, e.g. advanced materials and processing. The project also developed new courses focusing on common technical and professional skills, and integrated various components for an industry relevant training. The program has admitted 29 Master of Science (MS) students since inception in January 2019. Twenty six of these students were AMES fellows, who have received partial funding from DoE through this project. The program far exceeded the goal of admitting at least five new MS (with thesis) students. All students were required to complete a thesis (M.S.) or a capstone (M.Eng.) project that are defined in collaboration with industry partners to ensure industrial relevancy, addressing a current industrial challenges. Industrial mentors also participated in advising the students in their research. AMES fellows, in addition were also required to complete an industrial internship for further industrial experience.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Ames National Laboratory, Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program: FY2022 Annual Summary

Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) projects at Ames National Laboratory are compelling, collaborative, and mission-oriented research that accelerate progress in our strategic directions. The aim of these projects is to strengthen Ames National Laboratory’s emerging scientific leaders and core capabilities, to further enhance our scientific and technological vitality by stimulating R&D innovation in support of the Laboratory’s foundational strengths and strategic initiatives, and to build capabilities to respond to rapidly emerging R&D opportunities of clear potential benefit to DOE’s mission. LDRD funding strengthens our core capabilities either by exploiting targets of opportunity in expanding current capabilities, or by exploring and implementing new capabilities that provide scientific advantages and position Ames National Laboratory to be a leader in existing and emerging scientific fields. For FY2022, the Ames National Laboratory LDRD focused on transformative science to accelerate progress in our strategic directions, especially the initiatives discussed below. Of particular interest are areas that span multiple disciplines, or that develop new technical capabilities that enhance our ability to address our strategic directions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Ames National Laboratory FY23 Annual LDRD Report

Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) projects at Ames National Laboratory perform compelling, collaborative, and mission-oriented research that accelerates progress in our strategic directions. The aim of these projects is to strengthen Ames National Laboratory’s emerging scientific leaders and core capabilities, to further enhance our scientific and technological vitality by stimulating R&D innovation in support of the Laboratory’s foundational strengths and strategic initiatives, and to build capabilities to respond to rapidly emerging R&D opportunities of clear potential benefit to DOE’s mission. LDRD funding strengthens our core capabilities either by exploiting targets of opportunity in expanding current capabilities, or by exploring and implementing new capabilities that provide scientific advantages and position Ames National Laboratory to be a leader in existing and emerging scientific fields.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

Automatic Multiple Experiment Simulation and Fitting (Ames-Fit)

AMES-Fit is a program used to automatically fit the multi-field solid-state NMR spectra of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei. Due to the high dimensional space, gradient algorithms have failed to address the fitting of such data, which is at present done manually. AMES-Fit diverges from these approaches by using an adaptive step size random search algorithm to fit the NMR spectra to consistently find the global best fit parameters.

Perras, Frederic↗

ames-market/psst

Python version of the AMES Wholesale Power Market Test Bed; no GUI. Previously hosted by Iowa State University; PNNL has assumed hosting. AMES existed in a non-version controlled and inconsistent form. PNNL added price-sensitive loads for transactive systems, with various other bug fixes and features.

McDermott, Tom↗

The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (I). Evaluation of input data, and adjustment procedures*

Abstract This is the first of two articles (Part I and Part II) that presents the results of the new atomic mass evaluation, AME2020. It includes complete information on the experimental input data that were used to derive the tables of recommended values which are given in Part II. This article describes the evaluation philosophy and procedures that were implemented in the selection of specific nuclear reaction, decay and mass-spectrometric data which were used in a least-squares fit adjustment in order to determine the recommended mass values and their uncertainties. All input data, including both the accepted and rejected ones, are tabulated and compared with the adjusted values obtained from the least-squares fit analysis. Differences with the previous AME2016 evaluation are discussed and specific examples are presented for several nuclides that may be of interest to AME users.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Nucleus++ : a new tool bridging AME and NUBASE for advancing nuclear data analysis

The newly developed software, Nucleus++ , is an advanced tool for displaying basic nuclear physics properties from NUBASE and integrating comprehensive mass information for each nuclide from Atomic Mass Evaluation. Additionally, it allows users to compare experimental nuclear masses with predictions from different mass models. Building on the success and learning experiences of its predecessor, Nucleus , this enhanced tool introduces improved functionality and compatibility. With its user-friendly interface, Nucleus++ was designed as a valuable tool for scholars and practitioners in the field of nuclear science. Finally, this article offers an in-depth description of Nucleus++ , highlighting its main features and anticipated impacts on nuclear science research.

AME↗

The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*

Abstract This is the second part of the new evaluation of atomic masses, AME2020. Using least-squares adjustments to all evaluated and accepted experimental data, described in Part I, we derived tables with numerical values and graphs which supersede those given in AME2016. The first table presents the recommended atomic mass values and their uncertainties. It is followed by a table of the influences of data on primary nuclides, a table of various reaction and decay energies, and finally, a series of graphs of separation and decay energies. The last section of this paper provides all input data references that were used in the AME2020 and the NUBASE2020 evaluations.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement among Ames Laboratory; NexTech Materials, Ltd. dba Nexceris; and National Energy Technology Laboratory [Abstract]

The CRADA focuses on pressurized testing of Nexceris solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks in a hybrid configuration with a recuperated gas turbine with the ultimate goal of demonstrating efficiencies in excess of 70% (LHV NG). NETL’s cyber-physical approach will be used to develop and test control strategies before installing the Nexceris SOFC stacks to maximize the chances of success. A successful test will represent a demonstration of the Nexceris stack to endure pressures associated with hybrid operation and the first public demonstration of automated hybrid SOFC/GT technology.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗

BeyondPlanck: XV. Limits on large-scale polarized anomalous microwave emission from Planck LFI and WMAP

We constrained the level of polarized anomalous microwave emission (AME) on large angular scales using Planck Low-Frequency Instrument (LFI) and WMAP polarization data within a Bayesian cosmic microwave background (CMB) analysis framework. We modeled synchrotron emission with a power-law spectral energy distribution, as well as the sum of AME and thermal dust emission through linear regression with the Planck High-Frequency Instrument (HFI) 353 GHz data. This template-based dust emission model allowed us to constrain the level of polarized AME while making minimal assumptions on its frequency dependence. We neglected CMB fluctuations, but show through simulations that these fluctuations have a minor impact on the results. We find that the resulting AME polarization fraction confidence limit is sensitive to the polarized synchrotron spectral index prior. In addition, for prior means β s < -3.1 we find an upper limit of p AME max ≲ 0.6% (95% confidence). In contrast, for means β s = -3.0, we find a nominal detection of p AME = 2.5 ± 1.0% (95% confidence). These data are thus not strong enough to simultaneously and robustly constrain both polarized synchrotron emission and AME, and our main result is therefore a constraint on the AME polarization fraction explicitly as a function of β s . Combining the current Planck and WMAP observations with measurements from high-sensitivity low-frequency experiments such as C-BASS and QUIJOTE will be critical to improve these limits further.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

CABLE Stage 3 – Ultra‐High Strength/Highly Conductive Al Alloys

This work is to be conducted in support of the CABLE Conductor Manufacturing Prize Program awarded by NREL. The intent is to connect competitor teams with national laboratories that can help accelerate the development of innovative solutions and products. Teams who receive CABLE Prize awards are eligible to utilize vouchers at national laboratories to advance their ideas. NanoAL LLC has been awarded a voucher to utilize at Ames National Laboratory. Ames National Laboratory will perform a scale‐up trial of Nano 6000‐T9 to evaluate and optimize the heat treatment and other processing variables to validate the lab‐scale work done at NanoAL. The final processing schedule will be used to fabricate the submission samples for the Stage 3 contest. All work will be supported by mechanical and electrical conductivity testing be performed by Ames.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

From the Discovery of the Giant Magnetocaloric Effect to the Development of High‐Power‐Density Systems

Caloric cooling and heating promise an efficient and reliable alternative to ubiquitous vapor-compression technology. In 1976, the very first near-room-temperature caloric system is developed, but it took another 20 years for this technology to fully bloom and gain global attention. The discovery of the giant magnetocaloric effect in Gd 5 Si 2 Ge 2 and the advance of the first long-operating magnetic refrigerator, both in 1997, due to the Ames National Laboratory and Astronautics Corporation of America cooperation, are two milestones that sparked ongoing interest in caloric research, which continues to thrive to this day. This review presents a brief history of caloric heat pumping, from the discovery of the magnetocaloric effect to the most recent developments in materials and systems. The contributions of Ames National Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy are highlighted, celebrating its 30-year anniversary in caloric research and paying tribute to two outstanding scientists, Vitalij K. Pecharsky and Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., who inspired the caloric community for decades. The paper concludes with insights into remaining research and development challenges that must be addressed to enable the market transition of caloric technology and its widespread adoption.

caloric materials↗

The interactivity of sources and dietary levels of resistant starches – impact on growth performance, starch, and nutrient digestibility, digesta oligosaccharides profile, cecal microbial metabolites, and indicators of gut health in broiler chickens

In a 21-d study, 480 Cobb 500 (off-sex) male broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of feeding different sources and levels of resistant starches (RS) on growth performance, nutrient and energy utilization, and intestinal health in broiler chickens. The birds were allocated to 10 dietary treatments in a 3 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement. The factors were 3 RS-sources (RSS): banana starch (BS), raw potato starch (RPS), and high-amylose corn starch (HCS); each at 3 levels (RSL) 25, 50, or 100 g/kg plus a corn-soybean meal control diet. Birds and feed were weighed on d 0, 8, and 21. On d 21, samples of jejunal tissue and digesta were collected for chemical analysis. Data were analyzed using the mixed model procedure of JMP with factor levels nested with the control. In the 0 to 21 phase, the birds fed the RPS diets had higher (P = 0.011) FI than those fed HCS or control diets, and FCR was greater (P = 0.030) in birds that received BS diets than in other diets. RSS × RSL was significant (P < 0.05) for total tract nutrient retention, AME, and AMEn on d 21. The starch digestibility was higher (P < 0.001) in birds that received the control diet than in RS diets, and decreased as RS levels increased, except for HCS. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) were higher (P < 0.001) in birds fed 100 g/kg HCS diet, with both decreasing with increasing levels of BS and RPS, except for HCS. Relative ileal oligosaccharides profile showed significant (P < 0.05) RSS × RSL with a higher relative abundance of Hex(3) (P = 0.01) and Pent(3) (P = 0.001) in HCS diets. In conclusion, RS may influence gut health and growth performance in broiler chickens through modulation of cecal SCFA and nutrient digestion, but these depend largely on the botanical origin and concentrations of individual RS.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

Concentric Ring Gas Atomization Die Design for Optimized Particle Production

In partnership with Linde plc (formerly Praxair, Inc.), Ames Laboratory will further develop and commercialize its concentric-ring high pressure gas atomization (CR-HPGA) gas-die technology with a goal to improve the precision of metal powder production in a desired size range and quality. The successful commercialization of this technology could reduce production cost of metal powders and improve reliability of this industrial process, increasing specialty alloy powder availability for new applications and adoption into additive manufacturing and multiple materials sectors. The project scope is to [1] utilize AMES compressible gas flow and melt break-up models to explore a wide swath of parameter space available for the CR-HPGA technology, identifying the most promising gas-die designs for fabrication, [2] verify and optimize the new gas-die design, fabricate it and select preferred operating parameters by gas-only flow imaging and aspiration pressure measurements, down-selecting gas compositions and atomization parameters for full scale testing, [3] perform pilot-scale atomization trials with Al and/or Cu alloys of a new CR-HPGA gas-die at selected parameters, [4] evaluate gas-die performance by comparing resulting powder size distribution and powder quality attributes with equivalent powders made by conventional close-coupled HPGA technology, and [5] assess (through Praxair partnership) reduction in operational costs of new CR-HPGA gas-die through the use of an inert gas recovery/recycling system. In partnership with Praxair, Inc., the team, led by Ames Laboratory senior metallurgist Iver Anderson, intend to demonstrate the performance of an optimized CR-HPGA gas-die design in a pilot scale atomizer and better understand the design and operational controls to increase overall benefits for precision metal powder production.

42 ENGINEERING↗

CRADA 2022-03 Final Report: Advanced Bearing Materials for Harsh Service Conditions

Develop advanced bearing materials for hydrogen gas turbines and wind turbines. Two candidate materials have been selected based on Ames lab’s recent work on high entropy alloys and shape memory alloys. These materials are designed to exhibit a balance of hardness, strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient in the NiTi based shape memory alloy is two order of magnitude lower than that of the conventional case hardened bearing steel. We plan to atomize these materials into powders, additive manufacture cylindrical bearings, then test these bearing for rolling-contact fatigue, corrosion properties, and hydrogen embrittlement. We are a vertically integrated team comprises of national labs, bearing manufacturers, raw material powders makers, and aircraft gas turbine manufacturer.

Argibay, Nicolas [Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA↗

Identifying materials-level sources of performance variation in superconducting transmon qubits

The Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center, a U. S. Department of Energy National Quantum Information Science Research Center, has conducted a comprehensive and coordinated study using superconducting transmon qubit chips with known performance metrics to identify the underlying materials-level sources of device-to-device performance variation. Following qubit coherence measurements, these qubits of varying base superconducting metals and substrates have been examined with various non-destructive and invasive material characterization techniques at Northwestern University, Ames National Laboratory, and Fermilab as part of a blind study. We find trends in variations of the depth of the etched substrate trench, the thickness of the surface oxide, and the geometry of the sidewall, which when combined, lead to correlations with the T1 lifetime across different qubits on the same chip. In addition, we provide a list of features that varied from device to device, for which the impact on performance requires further studies. Finally, we identify two low-temperature characterization techniques that may potentially serve as proxy tools for qubit measurements. These insights provide materials-oriented solutions to not only reduce performance variations across neighboring devices but also to engineer and fabricate devices with optimal geometries to achieve performance metrics beyond the state-of-the-art values.

Murthy, Akshay A. [Fermilab] (ORCID:00000001767768↗

AL-CRADA-2025-01 Final Report: American-Made Wind Turbine Materials Recycling Prize Accelerate! Phase 2

This report summarizes the Phase 2 achievements of the Wind Turbine Materials Recycling Prize project led by Critical Materials Recycling (CMR) in partnership with Ames National Laboratory. The team demonstrated the technical feasibility and economic viability of recovering and reusing rare-earth Nd-Fe-B magnets from end-of-life (EOL) wind turbine generators. Through mechanical disassembly, demagnetization, and precision processing, magnets were harvested and characterized to assess structural, compositional, and magnetic properties. Results showed that recovered magnets performed on par with commercial-grade counterparts, enabling their integration into actuator and motor prototypes without redesign. System-level modeling and finite-element simulations validated operational performance, while Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis revealed up to 20% material cost savings and 2–3% reductions in overall motor system costs. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) further confirmed substantial environmental benefits, including a ~94% reduction in global warming potential relative to virgin magnet production. The project’s success was enabled by a tightly integrated partnership between industry and national lab experts, illustrating a viable path for domestic magnet-to-magnet recycling. These findings support a scalable, circular solution for rare-earth material recovery, reducing dependence on imported critical minerals and advancing sustainable clean energy technologies.

Lograsso, Thomas [Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA↗