Investigating APOKASC Red Giant Stars with Abnormal Carbon-to-nitrogen Ratios
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Erica Bufanda↗
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The abundances of ammonia in the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, and Titan
An investigation of low-resolution ratio spectra of Jupiter, Saturn, and Titan in the region 5400-6500 A has permitted new evaluations of ammonia absorption bands. The distribution of ammonia over the disk of Jupiter is very inhomogeneous. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is distinctly different from the solar value, but this is probably a result of uneven mixing of methane and ammonia, as suggested previously by Kuiper (1952), rather than a compositional anomaly. The abundancy of ammonia on Saturn also shows spatial variations, but appears constant in time over a 3-yr period. Two weak, unidentified absorptions were discovered in the red region of Titan's spectrum, in the absence of any detectable ammonia.
Woodman, J. H.↗
Estimating new production in the equatorial Pacific Ocean at 150 deg W
A major goal of the WEC88 cruise of the R/V Wecoma to the equatorial Pacific (made in February-March 1988) was to establish rates of new production along a meridional section at 150 deg W and to compare these measured rates with the relatively high values for the equatorial Pacific that had been reported previously using indirect methods and models. Production values were obtained from the traditional approach using N-15 labeled nitrate uptake, and by using C-14 fixation values multiplied by f (proportion of new production) from various sources: from N-15 data, from a C-14 fixation-versus-f relationship, or from a nitrate-versus-f relationship. The ratios of directly measured nitrate and carbon uptake and the ratios of nitrate to nitrate plus ammonium uptake, i.e., values of f, agree well; values of f calculated from carbon uptake or from nitrate concentration are overestimates for the equatorial upwelling region. Carbon-to-nitrogen uptake ratios measured with C-14 and N-15, respectively, approximate the Redfield molar ratio, 6.6 C:N. The overall mean value of f (0.17) helps confirm the view that the low primary production in the enriched eastern equatorial Pacific is due to failure of the nitrate-uptake system.
Dugdale, Richard C.↗