NRC-INL Collaboration on Codes & Standards
This is the presentation on the NRC-INL Collaboration on Codes and Standards for presentation at the 2024 NRC Standards Forum.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Study of Codes & Standards for Energy Storage Systems: A Report to Congress
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684, 2021) directed the Secretary of Energy to prepare a report identifying the existing codes and standards for energy storage technologies. The stated goals for the report are to enhance the safe development of energy storage systems by identifying codes that require updating and facilitation of greater conformity in codes across different types and usages of energy storage technologies. This paper will focus on the specific codes and standards for stationary energy storage systems (ESS).
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
V2XConnect: Harmonizing the Landscape of Bidirectional Charging Codes, Standards, and Communication Protocols
The utility grid is constantly evolving with new generation sources and diverse loads from backup generators, backup batteries, rooftop photovoltaics (PV), and flexible charging loads. Each of these technologies presents consumers with an opportunity to work with their local utility to promote grid stability, reliability, and affordability. Through a wide range of programs, utilities are incentivizing the use of these resources to benefit the grid. However, especially for devices with inverters that supply power back to the grid, it is important that these assets comply with local grid codes to ensure human safety, power quality, and grid reliability. One of the most promising of these new technologies is the bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) coupled with bidirectional electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). This report introduces the technologies that enable bidirectional charging and how these systems operate. It then outlines the necessary interconnection codes and industry standards that govern the operations of grid-tied inverters, including those in bidirectional charging. A key challenge is then outlined from the complex landscape of communication protocols and proprietary systems designed to coordinate these grid assets. Finally, a single gateway solution is proposed to harmonize communications between all assets across an entire site for a cohesive response to grid codes and utility programs that is flexible enough to support a range of market options.
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
Developing Coding Standards Across The HPC Domain
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bhardwaj, Manoj K.↗
Code Standard Evaluation for ASME AG-1-2019, Section FL
ASME AG-1 Section FL Deep Bed Sand Filters includes a requirement to use Special Test Sections to provide a representative assessment of the filter efficiency. The SRPPF project design basis is to test the entire filter bed (versus a representative sample) following the same basis methodology to test the existing filters at the Savannah River Site. Using a combination of: 1) the filter testing experience at SRS since the early 1970’s, 2) the methodology found in ASME AG-1 for testing high capacity HEPA filter housings and 3) requirements for stack or duct sampling systems published by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Special Test Sections methodology for Deep Bed Sand (DBS) filters in ASME AG-1 Section FL has been replaced with a methodology to test the entire DBS filter system.
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Influence of Hydrogen Compatibility Research on Codes & Standards.
Abstract not provided.
Ronevich, Joseph Allen↗
Hydrogen behavior research as a foundation for codes & standards.
Abstract not provided.
Hecht, Ethan↗
Sandia National Lobs Safety Codes & Standards Capabilities.
Abstract not provided.
LaFleur, Angela Christine↗
From a reflectrometry code to a ‘standard’ EC code to investigate the impact of the edge density fluctuations on the EC waves propagation
Here, we employ and extend a 2D/3D code (FWR2D/FWR3D), originally developed for reflectrometer simulations, to study the impact of the edge density fluctuations on the electron cyclotron (EC) wave beam propagation. 2D and 3D simulations for DIII-D-like plasma are discussed with and without the presence of the edge density fluctuations in order to evaluate the impact on the EC wave beam broadening at the location of the EC resonance. Moreover, a comparison between the paraxial and the full-wave solution (which are both implemented in the code, making it very flexible) of the EC beam with and without edge density fluctuations is shown. The paraxial solution is numerically convenient and in very good agreement with the full-wave solution. A scan in the amplitude of edge density fluctuations is performed together with an average with 1000 different fluctuations realizations. For the case shown in this work, an ensemble larger than 100 independent edge density fluctuations shows to reasonably represent the impact of the fluctuations on the EC beam. Our simulations shown here demonstrate the importance of the edge density fluctuations to the EC propagation in agreement with previous work.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Key Considerations for Adoption of Technical Codes and Standards for Battery Energy Storage Systems in Thailand
Battery storage is “technology that enables power system operators and utilities to store energy for later use. A battery energy storage system (BESS) is an electrochemical device that charges (or collects energy) from the grid or a power plant and then discharges that energy at a later time to provide electricity or other grid services when needed”. As countries in Asia consider the inclusion of BESS in their power systems to meet policy objectives, renewable energy goals, increase resilience, and expand energy access, there is an opportunity to learn from the experiences of other regions and jurisdictions that have developed more advanced storage markets and deployment methodologies. This report presents global best practices of codes, standards, and interconnection procedures developed to support the safe and reliable deployment of BESS. Several relevant case studies highlight current efforts to ensure safe operation of BESS and showcase potential pathways for adoption of relevant codes and standards. Specifically, this report is intended to support the Thailand Office of Energy Regulatory Commission (OERC) and other stakeholders in their efforts to develop technical codes and standards to govern the installation and operation of BESS; it may also be utilized as a guide for other countries as interest in the deployment of BESS technologies continues to grow.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Review of Codes and Standards for Energy Storage Systems
This article identifies several examples of industry efforts and successes in removing gaps in energy storage (ES) Codes & Standards (C&S) by updating or creating and publishing new standards. A particular challenge discussed in this article is that while modern battery technologies including lithium ion (Li-ion) increase technical and economic viability of grid energy storage, newer battery technologies also present new or unknown risks to managing the safety of energy storage systems (ESS). There has been progress in filling gaps in published ES C&S that recognize and address the expanding range of technologies and their unique characteristics. However, there remain significant need and opportunity for researchers to contribute to the underlying knowledge base that informs development of technical references and standards, and ultimately the application of published standards for the effective and safe design and use of modern ESS.
Energy Storage, Codes and Standards↗
Path Forward: Materials Data Modernization for ASME Codes and Standards in the Artificial Intelligence Era
Development of the ASME Materials Properties Database was initiated in the early 2010s to support the ASME Codes and Standards. As information technologies advance at an accelerated pace with the artificial intelligence era on the horizon, the ASME Materials Properties Database must be further modernized from a database to a knowledgebase to ride the wave of digital information revolution and effectively support the ASME Codes and Standards in the new era. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the ASME Materials Properties Database and discuss a roadmap for its future development to facilitate understanding of and participation from different sectors of the Codes and Standards community. Further, it first reviews the basic concepts of data, information, knowledge, database, and database system as well as the pros and cons in different types of data management and then discusses the path forward for a desired evolution of the database into a self-explanatory and machine-readable knowledgebase that is consistent with human cognitive processes for the Codes and Standards development and, furthermore, provides resources for data processing and analysis to reach an eventual goal of streamlining the Codes and Standards development from the initial inquiry, throughout data submission, analysis, …, to Codes and Standards rule establishment for final publication.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Path Forward: Materials Data Modernization for ASME Codes and Standards in the Artificial Intelligence Era
Development of the ASME Materials Properties Database was initiated in the early 2010s to support the ASME Codes and Standards. As information technologies advance at an accelerated pace with the artificial intelligence era on the horizon, the ASME Materials Properties Database must be further modernized from a database to a knowledgebase to ride the wave of digital information revolution and effectively support the ASME Codes and Standards in the new era.This paper is intended to provide an overview of the ASME Materials Properties Database and discuss a roadmap for its future development to facilitate understanding of and participation from different sectors of the Codes and Standards community. It first reviews the basic concepts of data, information, knowledge, database, and database system; as well as the pros and cons in different types of data management, and then discusses the path forward for a desired evolution of the database into a self-explanatory and machine-readable knowledgebase that is consistent with human cognitive processes for the Codes and Standards development and furthermore provides resources for data processing and analysis to reach an eventual goal of streamlining the Codes and Standards development from the initial inquiry, throughout data submission, analysis, …, to Codes and Standards rule establishment for final publication.
Ren, Weiju↗
An international review of occupant-related aspects of building energy codes and standards
In light of recent research, it is evident that occupants are playing an increasingly important role in building energy performance. Furthermore, despite the important role of building energy codes and standards in design, the occupant-related aspects are typically simple and have not kept up with the leading research. This paper reviews 23 regions’ building energy codes and standards by first comparing their quantitative aspects and then analyzing their mandated rules and approaches. While the present paper focuses on offices, general recommendations are applicable to other building types as well. The review revealed a wide range of occupant-related values, approaches, and attitudes. For example, code-specified occupant density varies by nearly a factor of three between different codes. This underlines the need for development of advancement in occupant behavior modeling approaches for future occupant-centric building performance codes and standards. Moreover, occupants are often referred to only implicitly; underlying expectations about energy-saving occupant behavior from building occupants varies greatly; and, only a few codes address occupant feedback and system usability. Based on the findings of the review, a set of initial recommendations for future building energy codes is proposed.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
Safety Codes and Standards Review and Gap Analysis for Applicability to Hydrogen Rail Refueling, Defueling, Maintenance, and Storage
Hydrogen-powered locomotives may present an alternative to diesel for achieving transportation-related decarbonization, energy security, and resilience goals. As an emerging technology, hydrogen locomotives may not have adequate representation in current safety codes and standards. NFPA 2 and other appropriate codes and standards were reviewed to identify technical gaps in the code for hydrogen rail defueling, refueling, maintenance, and storage. Several technical gaps pertaining to setback distances, allowable quantities, ventilation rates, and grounding have been identified. Fueling requirements can be informed by road vehicle standards but may need to be revised for larger quantity hydrogen locomotive systems. Since there are no hydrogen-specific locomotive design and safety standards, some aspects of diesel-based locomotive standards may apply. CGA G- 5.5 currently provides the most guidance on height, placement, orientation, and design of vent systems, while other standards emphasize the importance of shielding vent stacks and provide requirements for orientation of their discharge.
08 HYDROGEN↗
Codes and Standards Update: February 2019
The goal of the DOE OE Energy Storage System Safety Roadmap is to foster confidence in the safety and reliability of energy storage systems. There are three interrelated objectives to support the realization of that goal: research, codes and standards(C/S)and communication/coordination. The objective focused on C/S is "To apply research and development to support efforts that refocused on ensuring that codes and standards are available to enable the safe implementation of energy storage systems in a comprehensive, non-discriminatory and science-based manner." The following activities support that objective and realization of the goal: (a.) Review and assess C/S which affect the design, installation, and operation of energy storage systems(ESS). (b.) Identify gaps in knowledge that require research and analysis that can serve as a basis for criteria in those C/S. (c.) Identify areas in C/S that are potentially in need of revision or enhancement and can benefit from activities conducted under research and development. (d.) Develop input for new or revisions to existing C/S through individual stakeholders, facilitated task forces, or through laboratory staff supporting these efforts. The purpose of this Codes and Standards Update is to support the above activities by providing information on efforts being conducted by U.S. standards developing organizations(SDOs)and other entities that are focused on ESS safety. The information is organized relative to the scope of each document in relation to ESS from the "macro to the micro"(e.g., from overarching covering considerable scope ,to installation specific, to ESS and then ESS components). Note that more macro documents are also likely to adopt by reference more micro documents.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Codes and Standards Assessment for Hydrogen Blends into the Natural Gas Infrastructure
Energy utilities are evaluating emerging energy technologies to reduce reliance on carbon as an energy carrier. Hydrogen has been identified as a potential substitute for carbon-based fuels that can be blended into other gaseous energy carriers, such as natural gas. However, hydrogen blending into natural gas has important implications on safety which need to be evaluated. Designers and installers of systems that utilize hydrogen gas blending into natural gas distribution systems need to adhere to local building codes and engage with the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) for safety and permitting approvals. These codes and standards must be considered to understand where safety gaps might be apparent when injecting hydrogen into the natural gas infrastructure. This report generates a list of relevant codes and standards for hydrogen blending on existing, upgraded, or new pipelines. Additionally, a preliminary assessment was made to identify the codes and standards that need to be modified to enable this technology as well as potential gaps due to the unique nature and safety concerns of gaseous hydrogen.
03 NATURAL GAS↗