Magnetic Forming Coil Design and Development Final Summary Report, 17 Jun. 1963 - 31 Mar. 1964
Magnetic forming coils for corrective forming of weld-induced distortions in stiffened panels
MAGNETIC FORMING↗
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Analytical Investigations of Coil-System Design Parameters for a Constant-Velocity Traveling Magnetic Wave Plasma Engine
Coil-system design parameters for constant velocity traveling-magnetic-wave plasma engine
TRAVELING WAVE↗
The use of superconductivity in magnetic balance design
The magnetic field and field gradient requirements for magnetic suspension in a Mach 3, 6-in. diameter wind tunnel are stated, along with the power requirements for gradient coil pairs wound of copper operating at room temperature and aluminum cooled to 20 K. The power dissipated is large enough that the use of superconductivity in the coil design becomes an attractive alternative. The problems of stability and ac losses are outlined along with the properties of stabilized superconductors. A brief review of a simplified version of the critical state model of C. P. Bean is presented, and the problems involved in calculations of the ac losses in superconducting coils are outlined. A summary of ac loss data taken on pancake coils wound of commercially available Nb3Sn partially stabilized tape is presented and shown as leading to the U.Va. gradient coil design. The actual coil performance is compared with predictions based on the BNL results. Finally, some remarks are presented concerning scaling of the ac losses to larger magnetic suspension systems as well as prospects for improved performance using newer multifilament superconductors.
Moss, F. E.↗
High Efficiency Megawatt Motor Preliminary Design
The High Efficiency Megawatt Motor (HEMM) is being designed to meet the needs of Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP). A preliminary design has been completed and risk reduction activities are being conducted in three key areas: cryogenic cooler design, superconducting rotor coil design and manufacturing, and stator thermal management. The key objective of HEMM is to establish a motor technology which simultaneously attains high specific power (>16kW/kg ratio to electromagnetic weight) and high efficiency (>98%) by judicious application of high temperature superconducting wire and integrated thermal management. Another important feature is to achieve the performance goals with an eye to aircraft integration constraints. An electromagnetic analysis was performed which shows that the proposed HEMM design meets the performance objectives if key current capability and mechanical constraints are achieved. The risk reduction activities are the first assessment of the key design features. The HEMM technology could be applied to a range of aircraft types that require megawatt level electrical power.
Jansen, Ralph H.↗
Design of space-type electronic power transformers
Both open and encapsulated varieties of high reliability, low weight, and high efficiency moderate and high voltage transformers were investigated to determine the advantages and limitations of their construction in the ranges of power and voltage required for operation in the hard vacuum environment of space. Topics covered include: (1) selection of the core material; (2) preliminary calculation of core dimensions; (3) selection of insulating materials including magnet wire insulation, coil forms, and layer and interwinding insulation; (4) coil design; (5) calculation of copper losses, core losses and efficiency; (6) calculation of temperature rise; and (7) optimization of design with changes in core selection or coil design as required to meet specifications.
Ahearn, J. F.↗
Development of LC-13C NMR
This study involves the development of C-13 nuclear resonance as an on-line detector for liquid chromatography (LC-C-13 NMR) for the chemical characterization of aviation fuels. The initial focus of this study was the development of a high sensitivity flow C-13 NMR probe. Since C-13 NMR sensitivity is of paramount concern, considerable effort during the first year was directed at new NMR probe designs. In particular, various toroid coil designs were examined. In addition, corresponding shim coils for correcting the main magnetic field (B sub 0) homogeneity were examined. Based on these initial probe design studies, an LC-C-13 NMR probe was built and flow C-13 NMR data was obtained for a limited number of samples.
Dorn, H. C.↗
OGO-E-16 search coil magnetometer
Design of coil magnetometer for measuring geomagnetic and interplanetary field fluctuations by triaxial spectrum analysis
Nahabit, R. J.↗
Cryogenics - Its influence on the selection of the ASTROMAG superconducting magnet coils
ASTROMAG, a particle astrophysics experimental facility proposed for running alongside a Space Station, has a large superconducting magnet to analyze particles coming from deep space. Several types of magnets were investigated for use in the ASTROMAG central facility. The factors which influence the selection of the magnet coil design include: (1) the upper limit of particle momentum resolved (proportional to the integrated field) as a function of solid angle; (2)cryogenic design and its effect on cryogen lifetime for a given central facility mass; and (3) the overall cost of the magnet coils and cryostat. Four magnet types are analyzed in this paper. These include a simple two-coil solenoid (the baseline design),two disk coils at the ends of the helium tank, a two-coil toroid and a thin solenoid plus bucking coil. A balance must be struck between cryostat lifetime, total mass and the integrated field through the detectors. This balance tends to favor coils which are in the same vacuum vessel as the cryogen.
Green, M. A.↗
Processing and plating helical metallic coils
The results of research efforts to develop an optimized nickel cobalt coating suitable as a recording medium are outlined. The coating is to be used directly on a BeCu helical coil substrate of a helical coil NASA recorder. Specifically, efforts were made to: optimize the coating thickness; establish processes and techniques adaptable for the production of finalized plated helical coils; design and fabricate the equipment required for production and testing of the coils; and deliver finalized helical coils to NASA.
Source record↗
Development of a Miniature, Two-Axis, Triple-Helmholtz-Driven Gimbal
This paper details the development of a Helmholtz-driven, 2-axis gimbal to position a flat mirror within 50 microradian (fine positioning) in a space environment. The gimbal is intended to travel on a deep space mission mounted on a miniature "rover" vehicle. The gimbal will perform both pointing and scanning functions. The goal for total mass of the gimbal was 25 grams. The primary challenge was to design and build a bearing system that would achieve the required accuracy in addition to supporting the relatively large mass of the mirror and the outer gimbal. The mechanism is subjected to 100-G loading without the aid of any additional caging mechanism. Additionally, it was desired to have the same level of accuracy during Earth-bound, 1-G testing. Due to the inherent lack of damping in a zero-G, vacuum environment; the ability of the gimbal to respond to very small amounts of input energy is paramount. Initial testing of the first prototype revealed exceedingly long damping times required even while exposed to the damping effects of air and 1-G friction. It is envisioned that fine positioning of the gimbal will be accomplished in very small steps to avoid large disturbances to the mirror. Various bearing designs, including materials, lubrication options and bearing geometry will be discussed. In addition various options for the Helmholtz coil design will be explored with specific test data given. Ground testing in the presence of 1-G was compounded by the local magnetic fields due to the "compass" effect on the gimbal. The test data will be presented and discussed. Additionally, rationale for estimating gimbal performance in a zero-G environment will be presented and discussed.
Sharif, Boz↗
Design considerations for an air core magnetic actuator
Equations for the force produced by an air core electromagnet on a permanent magnet core as a function of the coil height, coil inner and outer radii, and core displacement are developed. The magnetization vector of the permanent magnet core is assumed to be aligned with the central axis of the electromagnet and the forces which are produced lie along the same axis. Variations in force due to changes in electromagnet parameters and core displacement are investigated and parameter plots which should be useful for coil design are presented.
Groom, Nelson J.↗
Non-intrusive speed sensor
A computerized literature search was performed to identify candidate technologies for remote, non-intrusive speed sensing applications in Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) turbopumps. The three most promising technologies were subjected to experimental evaluation to quantify their performance characteristics under the harsh environmental requirements within the turbopumps. Although the infrared and microwave approaches demonstrated excellent cavitation immunity in laboratory tests, the variable-source magnetic speed sensor emerged as the most viable approach. Preliminary design of this speed sensor encountered no technical obstacles and resulted in viable and feasible speed nut, sensor housing, and sensor coil designs.
Maram, J.↗
Non-intrusive speed sensor
In Phase I of the Non-Intrusive Speed Sensor program, a computerized literature search was performed to identify candidate technologies for remote, non-intrusive speed sensing applications in Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) turbopumps. The three most promising technologies were subjected to experimental evaluation to quantify their performance characteristics under the harsh environmental requirements within the turbopumps. Although the infrared and microwave approaches demonstrated excellent cavitation immunity in laboratory tests, the variable-source magnetic speed sensor emerged as the most viable approach. Preliminary design of this speed sensor encountered no technical obstacles and resulted in viable and feasible speed nut, sensor housing, and sensor coil designs. Phase II of this program developed the variable-source magnetic speed sensor through the detailed design task and guided the design into breadboard fabrication. The speed sensor and its integral speed nut were evaluated at both unit and system level testing. The final room-temperature and cryogenic spin testing of the hardware demonstrated that the sensor was capable of generating sufficient output signal to enable remote speed sensing from 1500 to 40000 rpm over a speed nut/sensor separation of 3.5 inches.
Wyett, L.↗
Continued Development of the Pulsed Magnetic Nozzle for the Pulsed Fission Fusion (PuFF) Vehicle
High thrust, high specific impulse propulsion systems, such as PuFF (Pulsed Fission-Fusion)offer a new paradigm of speed and safety when exploring the solar system. To realize thesepossibilites, PuFF needs a mature magnetic nozzle design. PuFF’s magnetic nozzle is uniquein that it must provide power in addition to thrust. In the authors’ opinion, the power systemdesign is fairly mature, but nozzle thrust coil design is less so. Previous work has suggested thatthe PuFF magnetic nozzle will behave similarly to a ‘magnetic reflection chamber,’ relying onprinciples of magnetic flux compression to re-direct nozzle flow. However, recent work, usingthe 3D modeling software SPFMax, suggests that plasma motion in the nozzle will be drivenby the Lorentz force. This recent work is limited in that the plasma did not completely leavethe nozzle before the simulation ended. In this work, we aim to extend the SPFMax modelfrom previous work, with a bolstered electromagnetic field solver, so the model can run untilthe plasma is fully evacuated. We hope to confirm previous results regarding the ideal PuFFnozzle design, but we could be surprised. Through improving the PuFF nozzle model, weaim to reduce technical risk with building the nozzle, realize paradigm-shifting performancenumbers, and allow rapid, reliable, and safe exploration of the solar system.
Nathan M Schilling↗
New concepts for high energy rate forming system Summary report
High energy rate forming - investigation of high pressure waves, acoustic pressure pulse, pressure transducers, coil design, and storage system
TRANSDUCER↗
Space applications of superconductivity - High field magnets
The paper discusses developments in superconducting magnets and their applications in space technology. Superconducting magnets are characterized by high fields (to 15T and higher) and high current densities combined with low mass and small size. The superconducting materials and coil design are being improved and new high-strength composites are being used for magnet structural components. Such problems as maintaining low cooling temperatures (near 4 K) for long periods of time and degradation of existing high-field superconductors at low strain levels can be remedied by research and engineering. Some of the proposed space applications of superconducting magnets include: cosmic ray analysis with magnetic spectrometers, energy storage and conversion, energy generation by magnetohydrodynamic and thermonuclear fusion techniques, and propulsion. Several operational superconducting magnet systems are detailed.
Fickett, F. R.↗
Technique for the efficient and reproducible fabrication of electromagnetic levitation coils
A technique has been developed for fabricating electromagnetic induction coils in a reproducible manner. The process utilizes a split mandrel that can be disassembled to remove the mandrel from the coil. The technique has increased coil production rates by a factor of 8 over the freehand winding method. The success rate for producing a functional levitation coil has been increased from 50 percent to 95 percent. The levitation coil designed during this work has successfully levitated and melted a variety of alloys including Cu, Ag, Ag-Ni, Cu-Fe, Fe-C, and Nb-Ge. W was also levitated but not melted at temperatures as high as 2700 C. The highest sample melt temperature achieved was 2400 C for the Nb-Ge samples.
Ethridge, E. C.↗
Thermophysical property measurements in electromagnetic levitators
Proper measurements of thermophysical properties of hot levitated liquid drops require the following: accurate temperature measurement (brightness measurement, emissivity measurement); precise drop shape measurements with submillisecond time resolution (density determination, rotational and vibrational shape information); precise control of drop shape (high symmetry variable gap levitators); accurate energy transfer measurements (direct measurements of energy transfer rates for defined gas flows over samples with quantitative measurements of energy transfer rates for defined flows over samples with known shapes); and precise measurements of repetitive sample motions (rapid repetitive shape measurements, frequency measurements with reflected laser light, measurements in the levitator and as a freely falling drop). Recent advances in coil design and control of sample rotation in an electromagnetic levitator are discussed with respect to the above requirements.
Hauge, Robert H.↗