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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Additive manufactured interpenetrating phase composite

A method for preparing metal/metal interpenetrating phase composites is provided. The method includes forming a preform using additive manufacturing. The preform defines a materially continuous three-dimensional open-cell mesh structure. The preform includes a first metal having a melting point. The method further includes pre-heating the preform to a first temperature less than the melting point of the first metal. The method includes infiltrating the preform with a second metal in liquid form. The second metal has a melting point lower than the melting point of the first metal. The method also includes allowing the second metal to cool and form a solid matrix. The solid matrix defines a continuous material network.

Pawlowski, Alex E.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Markforged Continuous Fiber Composite Material Testing

Continuous fiber composite 3D printing promises to greatly expand the design space of polymer additive manufacturing (AM). A series of mechanical tests were performed to attempt to fully characterize the composite materials built from feedstock provided by the Markforged company. These tests included tensile, compression, Charpy impact, three point bending, coefficient of thermal expansion, and calorimetry tests. Specimens were prepared on the Mark Two 3D printer at LANL during the spring and summer of 2019. These samples were then shipped to New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology’s Thermo-Mechanical Lab for testing during the summer and fall of 2019. Test data are reported and analyzed for each of the tests.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Phase field-volumetric lattice Boltzmann model of ion uptake in porous nuclear waste form materials under continuous flow

The flow field within the mesopores of sorbent particles plays a crucial role in radionuclide diffusion and ion uptake kinetics, thus, impacting the overall performance of porous nuclear waste form materials. To fundamentally understand the influence of microstructures and material properties on the radionuclide absorption and retention processes requires a coupled multi-physics model that considers the advection and diffusion within the flow field, the reaction at liquid-solid interfaces, and finally, the solid-state diffusion within a complex nanoporous medium. Here, this study employs the volumetric lattice Boltzmann method (VLBM) to accurately and efficiently calculate the steady state velocity field inside the mesopores of sorbent particles. The obtained velocity field is then utilized to calculate the advection of ions in the steady flow. A phase field (PF) model of ion uptake is used to describe the reaction occurring at the solid-liquid interface and diffusion inside the porous medium. The integrated PF-VLBM model is verified in terms of the mass conservation and numerical efficiency and validated qualitatively with experimental observation data. Then, it is applied to study the influence of thermodynamic and kinetic properties, as well as flow field conditions on the ion uptake kinetics. The numerical results demonstrate that the ion uptake kinetics in porous particles has three distinct stages, which is in agreement with the observations in continuous flow experiments. In the first stage, the kinetics is predominantly controlled by the flow field and ion diffusivity in the liquid phase. The kinetics in the second stage is primarily governed by ion diffusivity in the solid phase. In the third stage the system reaches a dynamic equilibrium with a net zero uptake flux at the interface. It is also found that porous structures significantly affect the efficiency and capacity of ion uptake. The simulation results can help to understand the physics behind the observed ion uptake kinetics in experiments and to facilitate the development of constitutive equations that can account for heterogeneous microstructures in engineering performance codes.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2025

Large-scale experimental validation of thermochemical water-splitting oxides discovered by defect graph neural networks

Thermochemical water-splitting (TCH) based on 2-step thermal redox cycles in metal oxides is a promising approach to generating H 2 , but state-of-the-art (SOTA) CeO 2 has several practical limitations, which has motivated continued materials discovery efforts in this field. Here, in this study, we improve upon a SOTA defect graph neural network (dGNN) surrogate model's oxygen vacancy predictions and combine them with materials project phase diagrams to down-select and discover structurally diverse, experimentally known metal oxides whose TCH performance was previously unknown. Amongst twelve candidates selected based on our high-throughput screening and down-selection criteria, we achieved ∼80% accuracy in identifying materials with stable redox cycling and hydrogen production in stagnation flow reactor water-splitting experiments. Closer to 100% accuracy can be achieved if higher-accuracy, hybrid DFT-predicted vacancy formation energies were computed and used in lieu of the most uncertain dGNN-based screening predictions, as they correct false positives to true negatives. Notably, two discovered candidates, Sr 3 PrMn 2 O 8 and Ba 2 Fe 2 O 5 , display hydrogen yields greater than CeO 2 under specific redox conditions. In conclusion, these results demonstrate our ability to computationally predict and experimentally validate promising candidate TCH materials that have the potential to compete with CeO 2 .

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2022

Neptunium mononitride as a target material for Pu-238 production

Deep space exploration requires specialized sources for both thermal and power applications. Radioactive decay heat of plutonium-238 (238Pu) provides these sources in the form of radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). The 238 Pu is produced via neutron capture reaction involving neptunium-237 ( 237 Np) target material. Continual optimization of 237 Np target materials and evaluation of potential alternative targets for production of 238 Pu RTGs are advantageous for meeting ongoing space power system resource requirements. Current production of 238 Pu for RTGs for the United States space program utilizes neptunium dioxide ( 237 NpO 2 ) targets; however, the use of neptunium mononitride ( 237 NpN) presents an opportunity to increase the mass of 237 Np per target compared to the dioxide form, as well as increase the thermal conductivity of the target. To assess the viability of a 237 NpN target material, the material chemistry must be thoroughly evaluated, including synthesis methods and dissolution and reprocessing schemes. This review presents a summary of synthesis pathways for 237 NpN based on published literature on actinide mononitrides. Specific literature on 237 NpN is limited, necessitating evaluation of other actinide systems to gather parallels. This suggests a need for additional experimental studies on 237 NpN. A particular limitation in the existing literature is a lack of information on the differences in material characteristics, such as morphology, particle size, and trace chemical impurities, as a function of synthesis method. These parameters may affect subsequent reactor performance or dissolution of irradiated targets. The evaluation of existing literature is presented with a focus on the efficacy of 237 NpN targets for 238 Pu production.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2020

Development of the Intelligent, Preventive Infrared (IR) Inspection System Housed in Hybrid Robotic Platforms

Robots and robotic systems that are designed for inspection, environmental study, and health and safety aid are becoming an increasing necessity. However, there is a number of challenges that accompany robots that are designed for these specific applications. These challenges include: navigating compact, enclosed spaces, travelling over multiple terrains and large obstacles, using the proper sensing and detection methods to assess an environment, and the use of lightweight and durable materials. The robotic platforms currently in development look at all of these challenges and attempt to overcome them. These designs specific use of hybrid robotic platforms, or platform that utilizes soft and rigid materials, allows for a more flexible platform and makes environments more navigable. To further improve the navigation of the platforms and environmental assessment, a novel infrared detection system is housed in the platforms to create a robot that can be used for the applications listed above and more. Objectives: Further develop two types of robotic platforms that utilize additive manufacturing, soft materials, and rigid materials. Continue the development of an intelligent and inhibitory infrared detection system based on an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. Continued study and fabrication of active soft materials designed for both sensing and actuation in hybrid robotic systems. Improve additive manufacturing fabrication to design rigid and semi-rigid components for hybrid robotic platforms. Transformable Wheel Robotic Platform: The chassis, wheels, tires and inspection system housing use different additive manufacturing techniques for fabrication. Continued work with additive manufacturing has lead to studies in metal-based printing and modular design and manufacturing. The new platform design with integrated electrical component printed. This will allow integration of the sensor housing onto the platform. Electrical components are being tested for battery life and performance. To improve this performance, such as integration of Lithium Polymer (LiPo) batteries. Snake Robotic Platform: The main focus of the development has centered around liquid-based soft actuators. That act on the principles of electrostatic and hydraulic actuation. A liquid dielectric sits between two compliant electrodes, contained by a flexible polymer shell. The electrodes and film gradually collapse toward each other from one corner of the electrode to the other. When the electrodes and film close together, a majority of the fluid is pushed into the area not covered by an electrode. A thin layer of the liquid dielectric remains between the electrode. The actuators will be stacked to cause large displacement, and move the linkages. The chassis of this platform uses purely additively manufactured linkages. Intelligent, Preventive IR Inspection System: Development of the AI for the system has lead to using a Scikit-Learn which assists in creating predictive models based on Regression, clustering, classification etc. To improve the infrared thermometry for low emissivity sources, work on the fabrication of a tandem photoconductive infrared thermometer was a main focus. Distance-Voltage-Temperature response data has been collected in the range of 7 cm - 100 cm and 200-400 deg. C. Modifications were made to the existing test bench to have a better control over the data. Automated data collection was realized using a Python code and an Arduino controlled stepper motor to increase the sample rate. A protective enclosure has been built around the setup to minimize the effect of the environment on the measurements. To better predict temperature, different AI models are being optimized. The regression model, LARS showed a high accuracy but had convergence issues and only works for the current test set-up. Results: The Transformable Wheel Robot has developed into a more flexible and modular platform. With the improvements to the current work, effort on the tire or soft gripper design been a large focus. The soft grippers will be interchange able to allow for increased performance in identified terrain types. The development of the liquid-based actuators allows the snake robotic platform to achieve the goals of being flexible and able to navigate confined spaces. However, there is room for improvement. Optimization work is currently being done in COMSOL Multiphysics. With the current IR system set-up the LARS model perfectly predicts the data; however, considering the mobility aspect of the project other models will allow for an optimized system. Testing of other model types is currently being done.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Enhancement of the Magnetoresistance in the Mobility‐Engineered Compensated Metal Pt 5 P 2

Abstract The magnetoresistance (MR) in nonmagnetic materials continues to be a fertile research area in materials science. The search for giant, positive MR has been limited to a rather small window of materials such as high‐mobility semimetals in single‐crystalline form. Here, the observation of a very large positive MR in metallic Pt 5 P 2 in polycrystalline form is reported. The observations reveal that improvement of the crystallinity results in a significant enhancement of the positive MR, exceeding 10 000% at 9 T, comparable to high‐mobility semimetals. Based on first‐principles calculations combined with magnetotransport and thermoelectric measurements, the Fermi surface of Pt 5 P 2 is found to consist of a collection of multiple electron and hole pockets compensating one another, along with a characteristic pocket continuously connected to the adjacent Brillouin zone, together with possible topologically protected band crossings. This work extends the landscape of high MR candidate materials to polycrystalline metals, which demonstrates the importance of crystallinity and purity of the samples for the optimization of the MR.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Research on the mechanism of interactions between Li/Na/K atoms and electrode materials

As the demand for high-capacity battery materials continues to grow, the exploration of the interaction mechanisms between Li/Na/K atoms and electrode materials has gained tremendous attention. In this study, we introduce a descriptor (ɛɑ) aimed at efficiently identifying high-performance electrode materials, specifically from two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides and C and N compounds (MXenes). Our density functional theory calculations disclose a robust linear relationship between this descriptor and the adsorption energy (Ead), represented as Ead = ɛɑ + b. The fitting parameters, ɛɑ and b, are individually linked to the inherent properties of the substrate and adsorbate. Explicitly, the descriptor ɛɑ represents the capacity of the electrode material to accommodate an extra electron, while the intercept b is determined by the ionization energy (EIP) of alkali atoms and the coupling energy (Ecp) between the cation to the negatively charged substrate. This finding serves as a practical guide for designing high-capacity battery materials and paves the way for future advancements in this field.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2021

Simulation of dynamic crystal plasticity with a Lagrangian discontinuous Galerkin hydrodynamic method

Here we present a new Lagrangian modal discontinuous Galerkin (DG) hydrodynamic method that supports a dynamic dislocation based crystal plasticity model for simulating the mechanical behavior of crystallographic materials, both single crystal and polycrystalline, under dynamic conditions. A modal DG approach is used to evolve fields relevant to conservation laws. These fields are approximated by Taylor series polynomials of varying degree. These polynomials describe macro-scale hydrodynamic behavior while their evolution is determined by evaluating the dynamic crystal plasticity model at material points within the element. The dynamic crystal plasticity model is sensitive to the time increment size, with too large of time increments leading to instability in the model. To mitigate this, the temporal evolution of the dynamic crystal plasticity model is achieved with the combination of a sub-incrementing scheme with Heun’s third-order time integration scheme, which is also used to temporally evolve the governing equations. The implementation of the dynamic crystal plasticity model within the DG framework is tested using a 2D approximation of the Taylor impact test with a single crystal material, using quadratic elements that have faces that can bend. In addition to the standard continuous material modeling, we propose a new simulation method that would represent the heterogeneous behavior of polycrystalline microstructures within an element by varying the position and material properties of the material points within the element. This method is demonstrated using random orientation distributions on materials points that are arranged in both structured and random configurations.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Autonomous direct freeform fabrication strategy for multi-axis additive manufacturing

Multi-axis additive manufacturing (M-AM) enables precise material deposition along both planar and curved layers, eliminating the need for support structures through a continuous material deposition approach. In contrast to conventional 2-dimensional planar layers constrained to a fixed building orientation, the deposition on freeform layers demands the specification of guided curves to determine material deposition directions which are no longer to be fixed to a build direction. There are challenges that arise when fabricating components with multiple “build” directions, necessitating the decomposition of geometries and the specification of guided curves for the resulting volumes. Furthermore, multi-axis systems introduce heightened challenges due to an increased degree of freedom in motion. Consequently, the potential risks of collision between the deposited geometry and the motion platform become a notable concern. This research proposes a freeform layering algorithm to address the challenge of seamless transitions between planar and curved layers in the process planning of M-AM. The algorithm computes 3D “printable” layers by leveraging topological information derived from the geometry to be built and integrates collision-free manufacturability considerations into the computational process. These accumulated volumes serve as a “substrate” and support volumes for subsequent deposition, allowing later layers to be built without the need for additional support material. In conclusion, the proposed method successfully devises a freeform layering approach suitable for intricate models that demand substantial support, thus enabling the fabrication of diverse geometries in a manner previously unachievable.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Intrinsic anharmonicity and thermal properties of ultralow thermal conductivity Ba 6 Sn 6 Se 13

Ultralow thermal conductivity materials continue to be of great interest for technologically important applications such as thermal insulators and thermoelectrics. Often, such materials possess constituents with extensive dynamic disorder, or “rattlers,” or structural disorder such as metallic glasses. Nevertheless, targeted crystalline bonding order and anharmonicity can provide effective means for the scattering of the phonons in certain materials. Our combined experimental and theoretical investigation of Ba 6 Sn 6 Se 13 reveals such a material, with ultralow thermal conductivity measured over a large temperature range. Optic phonon modes hybridize with acoustic modes at relatively low energies resulting in strong acoustic-optic scattering and limited phonon lifetimes. Moreover, our investigations reveal various avoided crossings at low energies that contribute to phonon scattering. These are derived from chiral phase symmetries and may result in nontrivial topological behaviors for phonon band crossings in this chiral material. This work contributes to the ongoing research on low thermal conductivity materials and the underlying mechanisms that affect their thermal behaviors. Manipulation of these effects may provide pathways for enhancement of material properties for targeted thermal applications using similar materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Developing solid-surface plasma facing components for pilot plants and reactors with replenishable wall claddings and continuous surface conditioning. Part A: concepts and questions

Abstract It is estimated that pilot plants and reactors may experience rates of net erosion and deposition of solid plasma facing component (PFC) material of 10 3 –10 5 kg yr −1 . Even if the net erosion (wear) problem can be solved, the redeposition of so much material has the potential for major interference with operation, including disruptions due to so-called ‘unidentified flying objects (UFOs)’ and unsafe dust levels. The potential implications appear to be no less serious than for plasma contact with the divertor target: a dust explosion or a major UFO-disruption could be as damaging for an actively-cooled deuterium-tritium (DT) tokamak as target failure. It will therefore be necessary to manage material deposits to prevent their fouling operation. This situation appears to require a fundamental paradigm shift with regard to meeting the challenge of taming the plasma–material interface: it appears that any acceptable solid PFC material will in effect be flow-through , like liquid–metal PFCs, although at far lower mass flow rates. Solid PFC material will have to be treated as a consumable , like brake pads in cars. ITER will use high-Z (tungsten) armor on the divertor targets and low-Z (beryllium) on the main walls. The ARIES-AT reactor design calls for a similar arrangement, but with SiC cladding on the main walls. Non-metallic low-Z refractory materials such as ceramics (graphite, SiC, etc) used as in situ replenishable, relatively thin—of order mm—claddings on a substrate which is resistant to neutron damage could provide a potential solution for the main walls, while reducing the risk of degrading the confined plasma. Separately, wall conditioning has proven essential for achieving high performance. For DT devices, however, standard methods appear to be unworkable, but recently powder droppers injecting low-Z material ∼continuously into discharges have been quite effective and may be usable in DT devices as well. The resulting massive generation of low-Z debris, however, has the same potential to seriously disrupt operation as noted above. Powder droppers provide a unique opportunity to carry out controlled studies on the management of low-Z slag in all current tokamaks, independent of whether their protection tiles use low-Z or high-Z material.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Integration of Nuclear Material Accounting Data and Process Monitoring Data for Improvement on Detection Probability in Safeguarding Electrochemical Processing Facilities (Final Technical Report)

The KAERI advanced spent fuel conditioning process (ACP) process is a critical component of the US- South Korean nuclear cooperation and the following “123 Agreement.” Its development has received considerable attention in both countries. The ACP is an electrochemical processing (pyroprocessing) that recycles over 96% of the used nuclear fuel (UNF). It is also intrinsically proliferation-resistant in theory. In normal operation, the U/TRU product is very hot radiologically. In addition, the Cm provides a high level of spontaneous neutrons, making the product unsuitable for weapon use. However, as pointed in some study, “the need for safeguards to protect against the diversion and misuse of separated plutonium applies essentially equally to all grades of plutonium.” As pointed by many studies, the well-established traditional Nuclear Material Accounting (NMA) approach cannot be directly applied to electrochemical processing because of the lack of an input accountability tank, the non-continuous material flow, and the unsatisfactory level of confidence in sampling methods. Therefore, nuclear safeguards remain a grand challenge in the developing of commercial electrochemical separations facilities, especially around the heart of such facilities, the electrorefiner (ER) systems. In contrast to NMA data, process monitoring (PM) data is normally an indirect measurement of the SNM and is acquired much more frequently. In a broad sense, PM includes monitoring by various types of equipment, e.g. radiation detectors, cameras, voltage, current sensors. Because it is already being collected by the operator, the additional cost to safeguards is low. It has long been believed that PM data can supplement NMA data and help improve safeguards, although the benefits are hard to quantify. The U.S. DOE’s Material Protection, Accounting, and Control Technology (MPACT) campaign has made substantial investments into innovative PM sensor technology and predictive model development for real- or near real-time measurement and prediction of molten salt density and level, salt composition and actinide concentration especially Pu, the cell voltage, and the cell current to supplement traditional NMA. For aqueous-based reprocessing facilities, it is reported that PM, integrated with traditional NMA, have a high detection probability for specific diversions. For electrochemical reprocessing, preliminary studies have shown that PM data can support traditional NMA in various ways by providing a basis to estimate some of the in-processing nuclear material inventories. Despite early success, further studies on fusion of PM data and NMA data are still needed, which is the goal of this proposed work.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Detailed Structural and Chemical Analysis of Amorphous Compounds in Superconducting Qubit Systems

With massive improvements in device coherence times and gate fidelity over the past two decades, superconducting quantum devices have emerged as a leading technology platform for next generation quantum computing. While many of these improvements have been driven through optimized device designs and geometries, the presence of defects, impurities, interfaces, and surfaces in the constituent materials continue to limit performance and present a critical barrier in achieving scalable quantum systems with long coherence times. As part of the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems (SQMS) center, we have applied state-of-the-art materials characterization techniques, such as scanning/transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and atom probe tomography, to identify structural defects and chemical inhomogeneities in superconducting qubits. In this review, we discuss the findings of these efforts as they relate to the inherent surfaces, interfaces, impurities, and defects in superconducting qubits. Through this comprehensive investigation, we provide insight into possible sources of dissipation in these systems. Further, we supplement these findings with potential strategies for mitigating these undesired features in an effort to systematically and intelligently improve the coherence times of superconducting qubits.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Fused filament fabrication of novel phase-change material functional composites

Additively manufactured polymer heat exchangers are of recent interest in the thermal sciences due to their lightweight and intricate heat-transfer-enhancing geometrical features. The goal of the present research is to directly encapsulate phase-change material (PCM) into polymer filament for the purpose of 3D printing polymer heat exchangers capable of latent heat thermal energy storage and management. PCMs have the ability to absorb large amounts of latent heat while undergoing a solid-to-liquid phase change at a nearly constant temperature. Encapsulation or containment of PCMs is necessary to prevent leaking since the material continuously cycles between a liquid and a solid state. An organic-based PCM and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were combined and extruded into a functional composite filament. For the first time, with the aid of a heated enclosure and HDPE build plates, it was demonstrated that these functional composite materials can be printed using fused filament fabrication (FFF). Printing HDPE is known to be difficult; however, based on what was observed in the current study, the PCM and HDPE composite was easier to print than pure HDPE. Thermal properties, such as latent heat of fusion, phase-change temperature, and thermal conductivity, of the composite filament and 3D printed samples were investigated and compared with compression-molded bulk material. Finally, the microstructures of the composite filament and 3D printed samples were visualized, and the basic structures of the HDPE and PCM within both the filament and 3D printed parts were clearly delineated.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

An outlook into the flat land of 2D materials beyond graphene: synthesis, properties and device applications

Abstract The field of two-dimensional (2D) and layered materials continues to excite many researchers around the world who are eager to advance and innovate viable routes for large scale synthesis, doping and integration of monolayers and the development of unique characterization approaches for studying and harnessing exotic properties that will enable novel device applications. There has been a large interest in 2D materials beyond graphene, with particular emphasis on monoelemental materials (phosphorene, silicene, tellurene, etc. ), 2D compounds (MXenes, oxides, nitrides, carbides and chalcogenides), their alloys and layered van der Waals heterostructures. This is not only indicated by the significant increase in the number of peer reviewed publications each year in this area of research, but also by the surging number of conference sessions focusing on 2D materials beyond graphene. This Perspective article highlights some of the recent advances in the field from a diverse international community of theoretical and experimental researchers who participated in the symposium ‘Beyond Graphene 2D Materials—Synthesis, Properties and Device Applications’ at the Materials Research Society (MRS) Fall 2019 meeting.

McCreary, Amber (ORCID:0000000299885800)↗
DOE OSTI2026

Identifying Decoherence Mechanisms in Superconducting Qubits through Advanced Materials Characterization

Although superconducting qubits have emerged as a leading technology platform for quantum computing through large improvements in device coherence times and gate fidelity in recent years, the presence of defects and impurities at the interfaces and surfaces in the constituent materials continue to limit performance and serve as a critical barrier in achieving scalable quantum systems. Understanding and eliminating these sources of quantum decoherence in superconducting qubit devices requires dedicated studies aimed at establishing robust structure-property relationships that will enable researchers to target and eliminate defects strategically. As part of the Superconducting Materials and Systems (SQMS) center, we have extensively employed state-of-the-art materials characterization techniques, including scanning/transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, atom probe tomography, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with device measurements to elucidate such relationships. In this talk, I will discuss some of our recent findings, including linking atomic defects to microwave loss in surface oxides, linking impurities in the Josephson Junction to qubit parameters, and linking low temperature precipitates to device performance. By applying these insights, we have been able to strategically develop and implement mitigation strategies for reliable fabrication of high coherence superconducting qubits.

Murthy, A. [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000176776866)↗