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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE: Well 16A(78)-32 Core Analysis Results

This dataset features petrographic, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analyses of core samples from well 16A(78)-32, which serves as the injection well for the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) project. In addition to an overview of the analysis, the following items have been included here: images of 21 entire thin sections in plane-polarized and cross-polarized light from 16 depths, scanning electron microscope back scatter electron photomosaic maps of 21 thin sections from 16 depths, bulk XRD data from 16 depths, clay-sized XRD patterns from 16 depths, an optical petrography report, and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses of eight selected samples.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE: Powder X-ray Diffraction Data from Well 16A(78)-32 Core

This dataset from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) consists of four raw X-ray diffraction (XRD) scans and preliminary results of quantitative XRD analysis. The scanned samples were prepared from four subcores, which came from various depths of the FORGE well 16A(78)-32 core. Desired core lengths were selected from available core photos (on GDR), provided by FORGE personnel, and subcored at LLNL. The XRD scans were collected in May 2023 at LLNL as pre-experimental characterization data for these subcores, which will be used in core-flooding experiments at LLNL and in triaxial direct shear experiments at Los Alamos National Laboratory as part of DOE Project 5-2428. XRD scans are in RAW file format (e.g., FORGE-5477-full.raw) and are suitable for viewing and analysis using open-source quantitative XRD software (e.g., Profex; www.profex-xrd.org ) and/or other proprietary instrument software.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Diesel Particulate Filter Durability Performance Comparison Using Metals Doped B20 vs. Conventional Diesel Part II: Chemical and Microscopic Characterization of Aged DPFs

This project's objective was to generate experimental data to evaluate the impact of metals doped B20 on diesel particle filter (DPF) ash loading and performance compared to that of conventional petrodiesel. The effect of metals doped B20 vs. conventional diesel on a DPF was quantified in a laboratory controlled accelerated ash loading study. The ash loading was conducted on two DPFs - one using ULSD fuel and the other on B20 containing metals dopants equivalent to 4 ppm B100 total metals. Engine oil consumption and B20 metals levels were accelerated by a factor of 5, with DPFs loaded to 30 g/L of ash. Details of the ash loading experiment and on-engine DPF performance evaluations are presented in the companion paper (Part I). The DPFs were cleaned, and ash samples were taken from the cleaned material. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were conducted on the ash samples. Core samples were taken from the cleaned DPF and were subjected to scanning electron microscope energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and XRF analysis. A comparison of the data from the two DPFs is presented. The XRD and XPS analysis showed that the compounds present in the ash from the two DPFs were nearly identical, though differing in concentrations. CaSO4 was the biggest component of the ash from both DPFs. The metals doped B20 fuel resulted in ash with similar characteristics to that deposited by the lube oil and did not appear to have any deleterious physical effects on the DPF substrate (did not penetrate the substrate).

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,BIOMASS FUELS↗
NASA NTRS1990

Static compression of iron to 300 GPa and Fe(0.8)Ni(0.2) alloy to 260 GPa - Implications for composition of the core

Results are reported on a room temperature static compression study of iron and the Fe(0.8)Ni(0.2) alloy to above 260 GPa, which provide direct pressure-volume measurements on geophysically important materials at the conditions close to those at the inner core boundary. The diffraction patterns obtained by XRD indicate that pure iron remains in the hcp structure to 304 GPa and that Fe(0.8)Ni(0.2) is stable to at least 255 GPa. The results of this study, in conjunction with work at higher temperatures, will make it possible to address directly the question of the composition of the inner core with a level of certainty that were previously applicable only to the mantle.

Mao, H. K.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Wet chemistry-synthesized Fe/mixed ferrite soft magnetic composites for high-frequency power conversion

State-of-the-art soft magnetic (SM) alloy systems such as electrical steels and permalloys exhibit large eddy current losses at high-frequency (kHz range and above), limiting their application in fast switching devices. Eddy current losses can be reduced for metallic alloys through a decrease in characteristic length scale or embedding them in an insulation layer. This work proposes the development of fine-scale core materials consisting of metallic SM nano/microparticles with magnetic, inorganic insulation layers, and their synthesis using a wet chemistry-based, scalable method for high frequency and high-power applications. More specifically, a magnetic ferrite coating (Ni 0.5-x Mn x Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 , x = 0.0–0.5) was applied via deposition of ferrite powder produced using a “wet chemistry-based” co-precipitation method; the ferrite was distributed through the Fe micropowder via either ball milling or ultrasonic mixing. Powder cores were prepared by compaction of the synthesized composites. Relative magnetic permeability and core loss were measured at excitation frequencies to 200 kHz. A core loss of 127 kW/m 3 was measured at excitation frequency of 100 kHz and magnetization of 0.02 T. This value improves on the 199.3 kW/m 3 reported in literature at identical excitation conditions for a compact formed from a composite comprising Fe microparticles coated with low-permeability Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 . Ultrasonic mixing resulted in slightly lower core loss than ball milling, possibly because ball milling causes loss-increasing deformation of the Fe micropowder. XRD and SEM were used to observe composite composition and core cross-section microstructure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Influence of chemical strains on the electrocaloric response, polarization morphology, tetragonality, and negative-capacitance effect of ferroelectric core-shell nanorods and nanowires

Using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) approach, we proposed the analytical description of the influence of chemical strains on spontaneous polarization and the electrocaloric response in ferroelectric core-shell nanorods. We postulate that the nanorod core presents a defect-free single-crystalline ferroelectric material, and elastic defects are accumulated in the ultrathin shell, where they can induce tensile or compressive chemical strains. Finite-element modeling (FEM) based on the LGD approach reveals transitions of domain-structure morphology induced by chemical strains in the Ba Ti O 3 nanorods. Namely, tensile chemical strains induce and support the single-domain state in the central part of the nanorod, while the curled domain structures appear near the unscreened or partially screened ends of the rod. The vortexlike domains propagate toward the central part of the rod and fill it entirely, when the rod is covered by a shell with compressive chemical strains above some critical value. The critical value depends on the nanorod sizes, aspect ratio, and screening conditions at its ends. Both analytical theory and FEM predict that the tensile chemical strains in the shell increase the nanorod polarization, lattice tetragonality, and electrocaloric response well above the values corresponding to the bulk material. The physical reason for the increase is strong electrostriction coupling between the mismatch-type elastic strains induced in the core by chemical strains in the shell. Comparison with earlier XRD data confirmed an increase of the tetragonality ratio in tensile Ba Ti O 3 nanorods compared to the bulk material. Obtained analytical expressions, which are suitable for the description of strain-induced changes in a wide range of multiaxial ferroelectric core-shell nanorods and nanowires, can be useful for strain engineering of advanced ferroelectric nanomaterials for energy storage, harvesting, electrocaloric applications, and negative capacitance elements. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Novel Synthesis and Characterization of Uranium-Zirconium Carbonitride by Direct Casting

UZrCN has exhibited thermophysical properties beneficial to high temperature reactor applications such as nuclear thermal rockets. The present work investigates a novel liquid phase synthesis method involving the admission of nitrogen gas during arc melting of uranium, zirconium, and carbon. Initial microstructural examinations using SEM indicated that the samples remain heterogenous with zirconium-rich cores in a uranium-rich matrix. Heterogeneity resulted from large differences in melting temperature of the major constituents and rapid solidification. Additional EDS, combustion analysis, and inert gas fusion analysis proved that the core regions have both uranium and zirconium and establish that carbon and nitrogen are retained during the fabrication process. XRD clarifies that the light elements did not form compounds with the uranium matrix but rather incorporated into the core region forming a sub-stoichiometric UZrCN. Heat treatment performed on equimolar U-Zr-C resulted in an increase in the homogenous phase present with an XRD pattern reflecting a ternary UZrCN despite small amounts of segregation in the final button.

36 - MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

On Uranium-Zirconium Carbonitride Formation by Direct Casting - A Novel Synthesis Study

UZrCN has exhibited thermophysical properties beneficial to high temperature reactor applications such as nuclear thermal rockets. The present work investigates a novel liquid phase synthesis method involving the admission of nitrogen gas during arc melting of uranium, zirconium, and carbon. Initial microstructural examinations using SEM indicated that the samples remain heterogenous with zirconium-rich cores in a uranium-rich matrix. Heterogeneity resulted from large differences in melting temperature of the major constituents and rapid solidification. Additional EDS, combustion analysis, and inert gas fusion analysis proved that the core regions have both uranium and zirconium and establish that carbon and nitrogen are retained during the fabrication process. XRD clarifies that the light elements did not form compounds with the uranium matrix but rather incorporated into the core region forming a sub-stoichiometric UZrCN. Heat treatment performed on equimolar U-Zr-C resulted in an increase in the homogenous phase present with an XRD pattern reflecting a ternary UZrCN despite small amounts of segregation in the final button.

36 - MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Observing Chemical and Morphological Changes in a Cu@TiO x Core@Shell Catalyst: Impact of Reversible Metal-Oxide Interactions on CO 2 Activation and Hydrogenation

A combination of several in-situ techniques (XRD, XAS, AP-XPS, E-TEM) was used to explore links between the structural and chemical properties of a Cu@TiO x catalyst under CO 2 hydrogenation conditions. The active phase of the catalyst involved an inverse oxide/metal configuration, but the initial core@shell motif was disrupted during the pre-treatment in H 2 . As a consequence of strong metal-support interactions, the titania shell cracked and Cu particles migrated from the core to on top of the oxide with the simultaneous formation of a Cu-Ti-O x phase. The generated Cu particles had a diameter of 20-40 nm and were decorated by small clusters of TiO x (< 5 nm in size). Results of in-situ XAS and XRD and images of E-TEM showed a very dynamic system, where the inverse oxide/metal configuration promoted the reactivity of the system towards CO 2 and H 2 . At room temperature, CO 2 oxidized the Cu nanoparticles (CO 2,gas → CO gas + O oxide ) inducing a redistribution of the TiO x clusters and big modifications in catalyst surface morphology. The generated oxide overlayer disappeared at elevated temperatures (> 180 °C) upon exposure to H 2 , producing a transient surface that was very active for the reverse water-gas shift reaction (CO 2 + H 2 → CO + H 2 O) but was not stable at 250 °C. When oxidation and reduction occurred at the same time, under a mixture of CO 2 and H 2 , the surface structure evolved toward a dynamic equilibrium that strongly depended on the temperature. Neither CO 2 nor H 2 can be considered as passive reactants. In the Cu@TiO x system, morphological changes were linked to variations in the composition of metal-oxide interfaces which were reversible with temperature or chemical environment and affected the catalytic activity of the system. Finally, the present study illustrates the dynamic nature of phenomena associated with the trapping and conversion of CO 2 .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

CO 2 /Brine/Rock Interactions in the Cedar Keys-Lawson Formation

It has been reported that among the various geologic storage options, deep saline aquifers have the largest estimated capacity for CO 2 storage. Obtaining knowledge of possible artificially geochemically induced changes to the permeability and porosity of host CO 2 storage deposits will enable us to gain insight on long-term reservoir behavior under CO 2 storage conditions. An experimental study of the interaction of CO 2 /brine/rock on saline formations was conducted in a static system under CO 2 storage conditions. Chemical interactions in the Cedar Keys-Lawson Formation carbonate during exposure to CO 2 and brine under sequestration conditions were studied. Samples were exposed to the simulated in-situ reaction conditions for one and six months. The samples were exposed to a model brine at 55 °C and CO 2 pressure of 23.8 MPa (3,500 psig). Computed tomography (CT), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), brine composition, core porosity, and core permeability analyses were conducted prior to and after the exposure experiments. Preliminary permeability measurements obtained from the core samples showed changes after they were exposed to CO 2 -saturated brine for one and six months. This observation suggests that mineral dissolution and mineral precipitation could occur in the host deposit altering its characteristics for CO 2 storage over time. The 3D images of the pore space clearly illustrate the degree of dissolution that occurred during exposure. It is noted that the dissolution that occurred during the six-month exposure could have enhanced the connectivity between voids. This may contribute the increase of permeability after the CO 2 /brine exposure. In addition, the primary minerals comprising the core are dolomite and gypsum. Both minerals could dissolve in the CO 2 /brine environment resulting in the increase of permeability after the six-month exposure.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2010

Drilling on the Moon and Mars: Developing the Science Approach for Subsurface Exploration with Human Crews

DOMEX (Drilling on the Moon and Mars in Human Exploration) is using analog missions to develop the approach for using human crews to perform science activities on the Moon and Mars involving exploration and sampling of the subsurface. Subsurface science is an important activity that may be uniquely enabled by human crews. DOMEX provides an opportunity to plan and execute planetary mission science activities without the expense and overhead of a planetary mission. Objectives: The objective of this first in a series of DOMEX missions were to 1) explore the regional area to understand the geologic context and determine stratigraphy and geologic history of various geologic units in the area. 2) Explore for and characterize sites for deploying a deep (10 m depth) drilling system in a subsequent field season. 3) Perform GPR on candidate drill sites. 4) Select sites that represent different geological units deposited in different epochs and collect soil cores using sterile procedures for mineralogical, organic and biological analysis. 5) Operate the MUM in 3 different sites representing different geological units and soil characteristics. 6) Collect rock and soil samples of sites visited and analyze them at the habitat. Results: At mission start the crew performed a regional survey to identify major geologic units that were correlated to recognized stratigraphy and regional geologic maps. Several candidate drill sites were identified. During the rest of the mission, successful GPR surveys were conducted in four locations. Soil cores were collected in 5 locations representing soils from 4 different geologic units, to depths up to 1m. Soil cores from two locations were analyzed with PCR in the laboratory. The remainder were reserved for subsequent analysis. XRD analysis was performed in the habitat and in the field on 39 samples, to assist with sample characterization, conservation, and archiving. MUM was deployed at 3 field locations and 1 test location (outside the habitat) where it operated autonomously for 2-4 hours at each site. Depths achieved ranged from 15 to 70 cm depending on the soil compressive strength and the presence and depth of subsurface indurated layers. Subsurface samples weighing 0.5 to 1 g were collected at the deepest depth encountered at each of the sites using the MUM automated sample collection system, and subsequently analyzed with XRD. Downhole inspection of holes produced by MUM with the Raman spectrometer was acquired on two of the holes and spectral features associated with selenite were identified in specific soil layers. Previously unreported fossilized remains of vertebrate fauna from the Jurassic era were discovered during our mission. Analysis of mineral biomarkers associated with this discovery are underway.

Stoker, C. R.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Produced Fluid Induced Mineralogy and Elemental Alterations of Caney Shale, Southern Oklahoma

ABSTRACT This study involves batch reactor experiments and subsequent analyses of samples from Caney Shale in the Ardmore Basin of South-Central Oklahoma. Samples include mainly rock cores and cuttings recovered from two wells respectively drilled vertically through and horizontally across the Caney Shale. Mineralogical compositions are obtained by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements whilst microstructure and elemental distribution are acquired by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) respectively. Batch experiments are then conducted using selected rock samples and produced fluid from the Caney Formation. Deionized water is also reacted with some samples to serve as standard. Experiments are conducted at 95°C and ambient pressure for 7 and 30 days to assess the geochemical rock-fluid interactions. Results show rock mineralogical compositions are predominantly quartz, feldspar, carbonates, and clay with minor pyrite. Post-experimental mineralogical changes observed in samples include increased amorphous entities especially within the clay portions of XRD plots and dissolution of feldspar and carbonate minerals and formation of new mineral phases, mostly clays and salts. These are corroborated by EDS elemental analyses which show decreased elemental compositions. The implications of reactions mentioned above include but not limited to, scale formation, clay fines migration and shale softening all of which pose significant permeability impairment on formation over time. INTRODUCTION Shale reservoirs account for a large share of unconventional reservoirs in the world (Lyu et al., 2015). However, ultra-low permeability and high clay compositions pose significant challenges when producing from these reservoirs (Dawuda and Srinivasan, 2022, 2023). Producing from these reservoirs therefore requires horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies which have proven their efficacy in generating substantial permeability in reservoirs to ensure production (Fujian et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2018). Even after expensive horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, geochemical reactions between engineered fluids and formation leads to fracture constriction and adversely impact petrophysical properties (permeability and porosity) of the reservoir. These technologies are therefore under constant development and improvement in various aspects to ensure fine tuning for specific reservoirs. Under present conditions, much of the hydrocarbon reserves in unconventional shale reservoirs are left unproduced due to rapid decline in permeability following resumption to production after hydraulic fracturing. It is therefore essential to understand the range of geochemical reactions that cause rapid depletion of permeability after hydraulic fracturing and apply these to each shale reservoir to ensure substantial recovery rates.

Awejori, G. A.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Effect of Preparation Conditions of Fe@SiO2 Catalyst on Its Structure Using High-Pressure Activity Studies in a 3D-Printed SS Microreactor

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) in a 3D-printed stainless steel (SS) microchannel microreactor was investigated using Fe@SiO2 catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by two different techniques: one pot (OP) and autoclave (AC). The mesoporous structure of the two catalysts, Fe@SiO2 (OP) and Fe@SiO2 (AC), ensured a large contact area between the reactants and the catalyst. They were characterized by N2 physisorption, H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) techniques. The AC catalyst had a clear core–shell structure and showed a much greater surface area than that prepared by the OP method. The activities of the catalysts in terms of FTS were studied in the 200–350 °C temperature range at 20-bar pressure with a H2/CO molar ratio of 2:1. The Fe@SiO2 (AC) catalyst showed higher selectivity and higher CO conversion to olefins than Fe@SiO2 (OP). Stability studies of both catalysts were carried out for 30 h at 320 °C at 20 bar with a feed gas molar ratio of 2:1. The Fe@SiO2 (AC) catalyst showed higher stability and yielded consistent CO conversion compared to the Fe@SiO2 (OP) catalyst.

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology↗
DOE OSTI2023

Design and Characterization of a Lens-Coupled System for Dynamic X-Ray Diffraction

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a necessary technique for understanding states of materials under static and dynamic loading conditions. The higher-pressure Equation of State (EOS) of many materials can only be explored via shock or ramp compression at temperatures and pressures of interest. While static XRD work has yielded EOS measurements in the 100 - 200 GPa regime, dynamic X-ray diffraction (DXRD) can explore EOS phases in the TPa regime, which closely resembles inner-core planetary conditions. DXRD hinges on the ability to measure the exact phase or phase change of a material while under dynamic loading conditions. Macroscopic diagnostic systems (e.g. velocimetry and pyrometry) can infer a phase change but not identify the specific phase entered by a material. While microscopic (atomic-level) diagnostic systems (e.g. DXRD) have been designed and implemented in Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Laboratories complex, the unique nature of Sandia National Laboratories’ Pulsed Power Facility (Z Machine) prohibits the use of such devices. The destructive nature of Z experiments presents a challenge to data capture and retrieval. Furthermore there are electromagnetic interference, X-ray background, and mechanical constraints to consider. Thus, a multi-part X-ray diagnostic for use on the Z Machine and Z-Beamlet Laser system has been designed and analyzed. Portions of this new DYnamic SCintillator Optic (DYSCO) have been built, tested and fielded. A data analysis software has been written. Finally, the radiance profile of the DYSCO’s scintillator has been characterized through experiments performed at the University of Arizona.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2003

Ceramic Spheres From Cation Exchange Beads

Porous ZrO2 and hollow TiO2 spheres were synthesized from a strong acid cation exchange resin. Spherical cation exchange beads, polystyrene based polymer, were used as a morphological-directing template. Aqueous ion exchange reaction was used to chemically bind (ZrO)(2+) ions to the polystyrene structure. The pyrolysis of the polystyrene at 600 C produces porous ZrO2 spheres with a surface area of 24 sq m/g with a mean sphere size of 42 microns. Hollow TiO2 spheres were synthesized by using the beads as a micro-reactor. A direct surface reaction - between titanium isopropoxide and the resin beads forms a hydrous TiO2 shell around the polystyrene core. The pyrolysis of the polystyrene core at 600 C produces hollow anatase spheres with a surface area of 42 sq m/g with a mean sphere size of 38 microns. The formation of ceramic spheres was studied by XRD, SEM and B.E.T. nitrogen adsorption measurements.

Dynys, F. W.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Phase Transitions and Thermal Equation of State of Fe‐9wt.%Si Applied to the Moon and Mercury

Abstract Accurate knowledge of the phase transitions and thermoelastic properties of candidate iron alloys, such as Fe‐Si alloys, is essential for understanding the nature and dynamics of planetary cores. The phase diagrams of some Fe‐Si alloys between 1 atm and 16 GPa have been back‐extrapolated from higher pressures, but the resulting phase diagram of Fe 83.6 Si 16.4 (9 wt.% Si) is inconsistent with temperature‐induced changes in its electrical resistivity between 6 and 8 GPa. This study reports in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements on pre‐melted and powder Fe 83.6 Si 16.4 samples from ambient conditions to 60 GPa and 900 K using an externally heated diamond‐anvil cell. Upon compression at 300 K, the bcc phase persisted up to ∼38 GPa. The hcp phase appeared near 8 GPa in the pre‐melted sample, and near 17 GPa in the powder sample. The appearance of the hcp phase in the pre‐melted sample reconciles the reported changes in electrical resistivity of a similar sample, thus resolving the low‐pressure region of the phase diagram. The resulting high‐temperature Birch‐Murnaghan equation of state (EoS) and thermal EoS based on the Mie‐Gruneisen‐Debye model of the bcc and hcp structures are consistent with, and complement the literature data at higher pressures. The calculated densities based on the thermal EoS of Fe‐9wt.%Si indicate that both bcc and hcp phases agree with the reported core density estimates for the Moon and Mercury.

Berrada, Meryem↗
DOE OSTI2024

Effect of Pressure on Crystal Structure and Phonon Density of States of FeSi

The strongly correlated material FeSi displays several unusual thermal, magnetic, and structural properties under varying pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions. It is a potential thermoelectric alloy and a material with several geochemical implications as a possible constituent at the Earth's core-mantle boundary (CMB). Previous theoretical studies predicted a pressure-induced B20-B2 transition at ambient temperature below 40 GPa; however, experimentally, the structural transition is observed only at high P-T conditions. In this study, we have performed high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) up to 90 GPa and Nuclear Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (NRIXS) measurements up to 120 GPa to understand the phase stability and lattice dynamics. Our study provides evidence for a non-hydrostatic stress-induced B20-B2 transition in FeSi at around 36 GPa. We deduced the Fe partial phonon density of states (PDOS) and thermal parameters from NRIXS measurements up to 120 GPa and compared them with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, the computations show pressure-induced metallization and the band gap closing around 12 GPa.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE: Well 78B-32 Core Sample Petrographic Analysis Data

This dataset contains an overview of the petrographic, X-ray Diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses of core samples from Utah FORGE Well 78B-32 and related data as described in the .zip folder's Description below.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗