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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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6 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

Thailand national programme of the Earth Resources Technology Satellite

The author has identified the following significant results. Intensive interpretation of ERTS-1 scenes covering agricultural regions near Bangkok, backed up by ground surveys and low altitude reconnaissance flights, has established that the major agricultural crops of Thailand can be positively differentiated, and in most cases identified, after some experience has been gained, by examination of ERTS-1 imagery. A country-wide survey of remaining forest cover will be completed during 1974. MSS band 5 and band 7 and white positive transparencies were found to be the most desirable medium for identification of geological structure. The Royal Irrigation Department conducted a pilot study to examine the possibility of determining water reservoir capacity from surface area measurements derived from ERTS-1 images.

Cheosakul, P.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Thailand National Programme of the Earth Resources Technology Satellite

The author has identified the following significant results. Forest inventory of Thailand was completed in January 1975, using LANDSAT-1 imagery and ground truth survey. Results showed the existing forest covers only 37% of the land area. The last country-wide survey using aerial survey photographs at 1:60,000 scale conducted in 1961 gave the figure of 58%. ERTS-1 imagery showed that Thailand's mangrove forest covers an area of approximately 3130 sq k. The previous aerial survey showed 3681 sq k of mangroves.

Sabhasri, S.↗
NASA NTRS1980

A satellite communications system for electric utilities

This paper presents the results of a study into the feasibility of using satellite communications for a country-wide system of electric distribution system monitoring and control. The concept selected for study involves the use of a geostationary satellite with a large multi-beam antenna to provide a major part of the communications and control network between participating utilities and various elements of their power distribution networks, including customer loads. Electric utility communications requirements are projected through 1995 in order to size the required capacity of the system. Two basic systems are examined: a one-way system for load control, and a two-way system for distribution system monitoring and control, including customer meter reading. An operating protocol is proposed for each system. Preliminary cost estimates are identified element by element. Finally, expansion of the basic system to include a set of ancillary communications functions is briefly discussed.

Vaisnys, A.↗
NASA NTRS1984

The analysis of forest policy using Landsat multi-spectral scanner data and geographic information systems

The role of Landsat multi-spectral scanner (MSS) data for forest policy analysis in the state of California has been investigated. The combined requirements for physical, socio-economic, and institutional data in policy analysis were studied to explain potential data needs. A statewide MSS data and general land cover classification was created from which country-wide data sets could be extracted for detailed analyses. The potential to combine point sample data with MSS data was examined as a means to improve specificity in estimations. MSS data was incorporated into geographic information systems to demonstrate modeling techniques using abiotic, biotic, and socio-economic data layers. The review of system configurations to help the California Department of Forestry (CDF) acquire the capability demonstrated resulted in a sequence of options for implementation.

Peterson, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Irrigation Requirement Estimation using MODIS Vegetation Indices and Inverse Biophysical Modeling; A Case Study for Oran, Algeria

Human demand for food influences the water cycle through diversion and extraction of fresh water needed to support agriculture. Future population growth and economic development alone will substantially increase water demand and much of it for agricultural uses. For many semi-arid lands, socio-economic shifts are likely to exacerbate changes in climate as a driver of future water supply and demand. For these areas in particular, where the balance between water supply and demand is fragile, variations in regional climate can have potentially predictable effect on agricultural production. Satellite data and biophysically-based models provide a powerful method to quantify the interactions between local climate, plant growth and water resource requirements. In irrigated agricultural lands, satellite observations indicate high vegetation density while the precipitation amount indicates otherwise. This inconsistency between the observed precipitation and the observed canopy leaf density triggers the possibility that the observed high leaf density is due to an alternate source of water, irrigation. We explore an inverse process approach using observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), climatological data, and the NASA's Simple Biosphere model, SiB2, to quantitatively assess water demand in a semi-arid agricultural land by constraining the carbon and water cycles modeled under both equilibrium (balance between vegetation and prevailing local climate) and nonequilibrium (water added through irrigation) conditions. We postulate that the degree to which irrigated lands vary from equilibrium conditions is related to the amount of irrigation water used. We added water using two distribution methods: The first method adds water on top of the canopy and is a proxy for the traditional spray irrigation. The second method allows water to be applied directly into the soil layer and serves as proxy for drip irrigation. Our approach indicates that over the study site, for the month of July, spray irrigation resulted in an irrigation amount of about 1.4 mm per occurrence with an average frequency of occurrence of 24.6 hours. The simulated total monthly irrigation for July was 34.85 mm. In contrast, the drip irrigation resulted in less frequent irrigation events with an average water requirement about 57% less than that simulated during the spray irrigation case. The efficiency of the drip irrigation method rests on its reduction of the canopy interception loss compared to the spray irrigation method. When compared to a country-wide average estimate of irrigation water use, our numbers are quite low. We would have to revise the reported country level estimates downward to 17% or less

Bounoua, L.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Athena in 2013 and Beyond

TRISA, the U.S. Army TRADOC G2 Intelligence Support Activity, received Athena 1 in 2009. They first used Athena 3 to support studies in 2011. This paper describes Athena 4, which they started using in October 2012. A final section discusses issues that are being considered for incorporation into Athena 5 and later. Athena's objective is to help skilled intelligence analysts anticipate the likely consequences of complex courses of action that use our country's entire power base, not just our military capabilities, for operations in troubled regions of the world. Measures of effectiveness emphasize who is in control and the effects of our actions on the attitudes and well being of civilians. The planning horizon encompasses not weeks or months, but years.Athena is a scalable, laptop-based simulation with weekly resolution. Up to three months of simulated time can pass between game turns that require user interaction. Athena's geographic scope is nominally a country, but can be a region within a county. Geographic resolution is "neighborhoods", which are defined by the user and may be actual neighborhoods, provinces, or anything in between. Models encompass phenomena whose effects are expected to be relevant over a medium-term planning horizon--three months to three years.The scope and intrinsic complexity of the problem dictate a spiral development process. That is, the model is used during development and lessons learned are used to improve the model. Even more important is that while every version must consider the "big picture" at some level of detail, development priority is given to those issues that are most relevant to currently anticipated studies. For example, models of the delivery and effectiveness of information operations messaging were among the additions in Athena 4.

Diplomatic, Informational, Military, Economic (DIM↗