Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “crafts”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Mortality of older construction and craft workers employed at department of energy nuclear sites: Follow‐up through 2016

Abstract Background To determine if construction and trades workers employed at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear sites facilities are at significant risk for diseases associated with occupational exposures, we compared the mortality experience of participants in the Building Trades National Medical Screening Program (BTMed) to that of the US population. Methods The cohort includes 24,086 BTMed participants enrolled between 1998 and 2016 and 5203 deaths. Cause‐specific standardized mortality ratios were calculated based on US death rates. Results Mortality was elevated for all causes, all cancers, cancers of the trachea, bronchus, and lung and lymphatic and hematopoietic system, mesothelioma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asbestosis, transportation injuries, and other injuries, particularly those caused by accidental poisoning, suggesting a possible effect of the opioid epidemic. Conclusions Apart from other injuries, mortality patterns were very similar to those reported in the past in this population. Construction workers employed at DOE sites have a significantly increased risk for occupational illnesses. Risks are associated with employment during all time periods covered including possibly after 1990. The cancer risks closely match the cancers identified for DOE compensation from radiation exposures. The high risk of lung cancer supports the value of early lung cancer detection. Continued medical surveillance is important.

Ringen, Knut↗
DOE OSTI2016

Heteropoly acid encapsulated into zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) cage as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Friedel–Crafts acylation

A new strategy has been developed for the encapsulation of the phosphotungstic heteropoly acid (H{sub 3}PW{sub 12}O{sub 40} denoted as PTA) into zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) cage and the PTA@ZIF-67(ec) catalysts with different PTA content were prepared. The structure of the catalysts was characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, FT-IR, ICP-AES and TG. The catalytic activity and recovery properties of the catalysts for the Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with benzoyl chloride were evaluated. The results showed that 14.6–31.7 wt% PTA were encapsulated in the ZIF-67 cage. The PTA@ZIF-67(ec) catalysts had good catalytic activity for Friedel-Crafts acylation. The conversion of anisole can reach ~100% and the selectivity of the production can reach ~94% over 26.5 wt% PTA@ZIF-67(ec) catalyst under the reaction condition of 120 °C and 6 h. After reaction, the catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by the centrifugation. The recovered catalyst can be reused five times and the selectivity can be kept over 90%. - Graphical abstract: The PTA@ZIF-67 catalysts with different PTA content were prepared by encapsulating the PTA into ZIF-67 cage and the as-synthesized catalysts exhibited good catalytic activity for the Friedel–Craft acylation of anisole with benzoyl chloride.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Cost Risk Analysis Framework (CRAFT): An Integrated Risk Analysis Tool and its Application in an Industry Use Case

This report presents the initial application design of the Cost Risk Analysis Framework Tool (CRAFT). The initial concept was formulated from a need to perform financial risk analysis that can be quickly deployable through the nuclear industry to evaluate the risk associated to capital projects and asset management. The design evolved into a framework that can integrate several forms of risk (e.g., not just financial, but also safety related) into a single analysis. In order to reduce the research and development and deployment time, we have decided to use the Risk Analysis Virtual environment (RAVEN) statistical framework as a basis for the CRAFT architecture.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Craft Images for posting within SM38 and for union interactions [Slides]

SM38 is updating the look of the building and putting up images of LANL Craft at work in the hallways. The images below are candidates for putting on these displays. As SM38 has no badge readers and a lot of traffic, we need to LA-UR any images that might be on display.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2020

ExINP-ENA Ice-Nucleating Particle Concentrations - CRAFT

This data set comprises cumulative ambient ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations measured at the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) observatory on Graciosa Island, Azores (39.0916° N, 28.0257° W). Our INP data were generated using a combination of online instruments, the Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment chamber (PINE), and an offline assay instrument, the West Texas Cryogenic Refrigerator Applied to Freezing Test system (WT-CRAFT), for aerosol particle samples collected on polycarbonate filters (with 0.2-micron diameter pores).

47-mm Nuclepore filter sampler, West Texas Cryogen↗
DOE OSTI2024

Crafting Multifunctional Materials with Tailored Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Solid-State Non-equilibrium Processing

Aluminum matrix composites hold promise for creating lightweight structural components with multifunctional properties. Nonetheless, achieving desired magnetic or electrical characteristics without compromising their fundamental mechanical properties presents a significant challenge. Here, in this study, we explore mechanical stir-based extrusion as a solid-state metalworking technique to develop fine-grained microstructures and highly refined metallic composites. Our study focuses on creating a SmCo 5 -reinforced aluminum matrix composite using solid stir extrusion (SSE) and assessing its microstructure, mechanical, and magnetic properties through a comprehensive suite of characterization tools, including x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and magnetometry. Our findings reveal that incorporating a small amount (3.76 wt.%) of SmCo 5 phase in a non-heat-treatable, non-magnetic aluminum alloy via SSE yields a composite that exhibits good hard magnetic characteristics with a large coercivity (H ci = 13.5 kOe) and improved mechanical properties. This study underscores non-equilibrium processing via solid-state high-speed stirring as a compelling method for crafting multifunctional materials with tailored mechanical and magnetic properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Tailoring electrocatalytic activity of in situ crafted perovskite oxide nanocrystals via size and dopant control

Significance The ability to scrutinize the correlation of dimension, composition, and dopant to electrocatalytic performance renders the development of highly active electrocatalysts. This work reports a general and robust strategy for crafting uniform perovskite oxide nanoparticles (i.e., BaTiO 3 and La- and Co-doped BaTiO 3 ) with controlled sizes and dopant compositions by employing amphiphilic star-like diblock copolymers as nanoreactors. Their size- and dopant-dependent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performances are unveiled. Particularly, La- and Co-doped BaTiO 3 nanoparticles exhibit markedly improved ORR activities over the pristine counterparts due to reduced free energy barrier of ORR and increased conductivity as substantiated by density functional theory. The nanoreactor strategy could be conveniently extended to yield various functional nanomaterials of interest with tailored sizes and compositions for electrocatalysis.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Semantic Stealth: Crafting Covert Adversarial Patches for Sentiment Classifiers Using Large Language Models

Deep learning models have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, in which perturbations to their inputs cause the model to produce incorrect predictions. As opposed to adversarial attacks in computer vision, where small changes introduced to pixel values can drastically alter a model's output while remaining imperceptible to humans, text-based attacks are difficult to conceal due to the discrete nature of tokens. Consequently, unconstrained gradient-based attacks often produce adversarial examples that lack semantic meaning, rendering them detectable through visual inspection or perplexity filters. In contrast to methods that rely on gradient-based optimization in the embedding space, we propose an approach that leverages a Large Language Model's ability to generate grammatically correct and semantically meaningful text to craft adversarial patches that seamlessly blend in with the original input text. These patches can be used to alter the behavior of a target model, such as a text classifier. Since our approach does not rely on gradient backpropagation, it only requires access to the target model's confidence scores, making it a grey-box attack. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach using open-source LLMs, including Intel's Neural Chat, Llama2, and Mistral-Instruct, to generate adversarial patches capable of altering the predictions of a distilBERT model fine-tuned on the IMDB reviews dataset for sentiment classification.

Roa Carvajal, Maria↗
DOE OSTI2016

Electrical Safety Program: Nonelectrical Crafts at LANL, Live #12175

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the federal government require those working with or near electrical equipment to be trained on electrical hazards and how to avoid them. Although you might not be trained to work on electrical systems, your understanding of electricity, how it can hurt you, and what precautions to take when working near electricity could save you or others from injury or death. This course, Electrical Safety Program: Nonelectrical Crafts at LANL (12175), provides knowledge of basic electrical concepts, such as current, voltage, and resistance, and their relationship to each other. You will learn how to apply these concepts to safe work practices while learning about the dangers of electricity—and associated hazards—that you may encounter on the job. The course also discusses what you can do to prevent electrical accidents and what you should do in the event of an electrical emergency. The LANL Electrical Safety Program is defined by LANL Procedure (P) 101-13. An electrical safety officer (ESO) is well versed in this document and should be consulted regarding electrical questions. Appointed by the responsible line manager (RLM), ESOs can tell you if a piece of equipment or an operation is safe or how to make it safe.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Craft Images for posting within SM38 and for union interactions

SM38 is updating the look of the building and putting up images of LANL Craft at work in the hallways. The images below are candidates for putting on these displays. Black and white images are historical images from images.lanl.gov.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mortality of older construction and craft workers employed at Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear sites: Follow‐up through 2021

Background To determine if construction and trades workers formerly employed at US Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear weapons sites are at significant risk for occupational diseases, we studied the mortality experience of participants in the Building Trades National Medical Screening Program (BTMed). Methods The cohort included 26,922 participants enrolled between 1998 and 2021 and 8367 deaths. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated based on US death rates. Cox models compared construction workers (n = 22,747; 7487 deaths) to two nonconstruction subpopulations: administrative, scientific and security workers (n = 1894; 330 deaths), and all other nonconstruction workers (n = 2218; 550 deaths). Results Mortality was elevated for all causes, all cancers, cancers of the trachea, bronchus, lung, kidneys, and lymphatic and hematopoietic system, mesothelioma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asbestosis, transportation injuries, and other injuries, particularly accidental poisonings. There were 167 deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was lower than expected using US death rates. Overall cause-specific mortality was significantly higher among construction workers than for internal comparison groups. Conclusions Construction workers employed at DOE sites have a significantly increased risk for occupational illnesses. Apart from COVID-19 deaths, this update: (1) found that mortality among construction workers is significantly elevated compared to the US population and significantly higher than in the internal comparison populations, and (2) confirmed excess risk for these workers for first employment after 1990. Cancer mortality risks are similar to the cancers identified for DOE compensation from radiation exposures. In conclusion, the high lung cancer risk supports the value of early lung cancer detection. Continued medical surveillance is important.

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTAN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Crafting pixels in wood: understanding the interplay of technologies and visual perception in wooden photo engraving

This paper delves into the realm of laser engraving of photographs on wooden surfaces and explores the diferences between mathematical and human perception. A comprehensive quality study was conducted to explore the results achieved by 27 diferent realizations. The evaluation process involves both objective analyses and subjective assessments from hundreds of ratings of 60 evaluators, with the aim of unravelling the intricate interplay between technology and visual perception. The study also poses the intriguing question of whether the image most accurately transferred onto a wooden surface is also the most favourably perceived by potential customers and what are their preferences for laser engraved products.

Jurek, Martin [Ostrava, Tech. U.]↗