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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Summation Calculations for Reactor Antineutrino Spectra, Decay Heat and Delayed Neutron Fractions Involving New TAGS Data and Evaluated Databases
Fallot, M.; Giot, L.; Guadilla-Gomez, V.; Le Meur, L.; Porta, A.; Algora, A.; Tain, J. -L.; Briz, J. A.; Agramunt, J.; Aysto, J.; Cormon, S.; Cucoanes, A.; Eronen, T.; Fraile, L. M.; Ganogliu, E.; Gelletly, W.; Gorelov, D.; Hakala, J.; Jokinen, A.; Jordan, M. D.; Kankainen, A.; Kolhinen, V. S.; Koponen, J.; Lebois, M.; Martinez, T.; Monserrate, M.; Montaner-Piza, A.; Moore, I.; Nacher, E.; Orrigo, S. E. A.; Penttila, H.; Pohjalainen, I.; Reinikainen, J.; Reponen, M.; Rinta-Antila, S.; Rytkonen, K.; Rubio, B.; Shiba, T.; Sonnenschein, V.; Valencia, E.; Vedia, V.; Voss, A.; Weber, C.; Wilson, J. N.; Zakari-Issoufou, A. -A.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Processing incommensurately modulated protein diffraction data with Eval15
Data processing of an incommensurately modulated profilin–actin crystal is described. Recent challenges in biological X-ray crystallography include the processing of modulated diffraction data. A modulated crystal has lost its three-dimensional translational symmetry but retains long-range order that can be restored by refining a periodic modulation function. The presence of a crystal modulation is indicated by an X-ray diffraction pattern with periodic main reflections flanked by off-lattice satellite reflections. While the periodic main reflections can easily be indexed using three reciprocal-lattice vectors a*, b*, c*, the satellite reflections have a non-integral relationship to the main lattice and require a q vector for indexing. While methods for the processing of diffraction intensities from modulated small-molecule crystals are well developed, they have not been applied in protein crystallography. A recipe is presented here for processing incommensurately modulated data from a macromolecular crystal using the Eval program suite. The diffraction data are from an incommensurately modulated crystal of profilin–actin with single-order satellites parallel to b*. The steps taken in this report can be used as a guide for protein crystallographers when encountering crystal modulations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the processing of data from an incommensurately modulated macromolecular crystal.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Attention focussing and anomaly detection in real-time systems monitoring
In real-time monitoring situations, more information is not necessarily better. When faced with complex emergency situations, operators can experience information overload and a compromising of their ability to react quickly and correctly. We describe an approach to focusing operator attention in real-time systems monitoring based on a set of empirical and model-based measures for determining the relative importance of sensor data.
Doyle, Richard J.↗
Total Absorption Spectroscopy Study of ⁹²Rb Decay: A Major Contributor to Reactor Antineutrino Spectrum Shape
The accurate determination of the emitted reactor antineutrino flux is still a major challenge for actual and future neutrino experiments at reactors, especially after the evidence of a disagreement between the measured antineutrino energy spectrum by Double Chooz, Daya Bay, and Reno and calculated antineutrino spectra obtained from the conversion of the unique integral beta spectra measured at the ILL reactor. Using nuclear data to compute reactor antineutrino spectra may help understanding this bias, with the study of the underlying nuclear physics. Summation calculations allow identifying a list of nuclei that contribute importantly to the antineutrino energy spectra emitted after the fission of ²³⁹ , ²⁴¹Pu and ²³⁵ , ²³⁸U, and whose beta decay properties might deserve new measurements. Among these nuclei, ⁹²Rb exhausts by itself about 16% of of the antineutrino energy spectrum emitted by Pressurized Water Reactors in the 5 to 8 MeV range. In this Letter, we report new Total Absorption Spectroscopy (TAS) results for this important contributor. The obtained beta feeding from ⁹²Rb shows beta intensity unobserved before in the 4.5 to 5.5 MeV energy region and gives a ground state to ground state branch of 87.5 % ± 3%. These new data induce a dramatic change in recent summation calculations where a 51% GS to GS branch was considered for ⁹²Rb, increasing the summation antineutrino spectrum in the region nearby the observed bias.The new data still have an important impact on other summation calculations in which more recent data were considered
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Characterization of microcomposite polyimide films
Thermally stable microcomposite polyimide films were prepared by the homogeneous incorporation of either a soluble metal salt or a metal complex into a poly(amide-acid)/N,N-dimethylacetamide solution. The thermal processing of films solvent cast onto glass substrates and cured in an appropriate atmosphere yields films containing not only a fairly uniform dispersion of submicrometer particles, but also a new surface layer of metal or metal oxide. These polymeric systems have been characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy with depth profiling via argon ion etching, transmission electron microscopy of ultramicrotomed cross-sections, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, and variable temperature electrical resistivity determinations. The data from these techniques were used cooperatively to develop a model for these microcomposite polyimide films.
Rancourt, J. D.↗
Total Absorption Study of Beta Decays Relevant for Nuclear Applications and Nuclear Structure
An overview is given of our activities related to the study of the beta decay of neutron rich nuclei relevant for nuclear applications. Recent results of the study of the beta decay of {sup 87,88}Br using a new segmented total absorption spectrometer are presented. The measurements were performed at the IGISOL facility using trap-assisted total absorption spectroscopy.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Chronic orthostatic intolerance: a disorder with discordant cardiac and vascular sympathetic control
BACKGROUND: Chronic orthostatic intolerance (COI) is a debilitating autonomic condition in young adults. Its neurohumoral and hemodynamic profiles suggest possible alterations of postural sympathetic function and of baroreflex control of heart rate (HR). METHODS AND RESULTS: In 16 COI patients and 16 healthy volunteers, intra-arterial blood pressure (BP), ECG, central venous pressure (CVP), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were recorded at rest and during 75 degrees tilt. Spectral analysis of RR interval and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variabilities provided indices of sympathovagal modulation of the sinoatrial node (ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency components, LF/HF) and of sympathetic vasomotor control (LFSAP). Baroreflex mechanisms were assessed (1) by the slope of the regression line obtained from changes of RR interval and MSNA evoked by pharmacologically induced alterations in BP and (2) by the index alpha, obtained from cross-spectral analysis of RR and SAP variabilities. At rest, HR, MSNA, LF/HF, and LFSAP were higher in COI patients, whereas BP and CVP were similar in the two groups. During tilt, BP did not change and CVP fell by the same extent in the 2 groups; the increase of HR and LF/HF was more pronounced in COI patients. Conversely, the increase of MSNA was lower in COI than in control subjects. Baroreflex sensitivity was similar in COI and control subjects at rest; tilt reduced alpha similarly in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: COI is characterized by an overall enhancement of noradrenergic tone at rest and by a blunted postganglionic sympathetic response to standing, with a compensatory cardiac sympathetic overactivity. Baroreflex mechanisms maintain their functional responsiveness. These data suggest that in COI, the functional distribution of central sympathetic tone to the heart and vasculature is abnormal.
Non-NASA Center↗
Total absorption {gamma}-ray spectroscopy of beta delayed neutron emitters
Preliminary results of the data analysis of the beta decay of {sup 94}Rb using a novel - segmented- total absorption spectrometer are shown in this contribution. This result is part of a systematic study of important contributors to the decay heat problem in nuclear reactors. In this particular case the goal is to determine the beta intensity distribution below the neutron separation energy and the gamma/beta competition above.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Interactive Multi-Instrument Database of Solar Flares
The fundamental motivation of the project is that the scientific output of solar research can be greatly enhanced by better exploitation of the existing solar/heliosphere space-data products jointly with ground-based observations. Our primary focus is on developing a specific innovative methodology based on recent advances in "big data" intelligent databases applied to the growing amount of high-spatial and multi-wavelength resolution, high-cadence data from NASA's missions and supporting ground-based observatories. Our flare database is not simply a manually searchable time-based catalog of events or list of web links pointing to data. It is a preprocessed metadata repository enabling fast search and automatic identification of all recorded flares sharing a specifiable set of characteristics, features, and parameters. The result is a new and unique database of solar flares and data search and classification tools for the Heliophysics community, enabling multi-instrument/multi-wavelength investigations of flare physics and supporting further development of flare-prediction methodologies.
Heliophysics↗
Solvent effects on differentiation of mouse brain tissue using laser microdissection ‘cut and drop’ sampling with direct mass spectral analysis
Rationale: Laser microdissection-liquid vortex capture/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LMD-LVC/ESI-MS) has potential for on-line classification of tissue but an investigation into what analytical conditions provide best spectral differentiation has not been conducted. The effects of solvent, ionization polarity, and spectral acquisition parameters on differentiation of mouse brain tissue regions are described.Methods: Individual 40 × 40 μm microdissections from cortex, white, grey, granular, and nucleus regions of mouse brain tissue were analyzed using different capture/ESI solvents, in positive and negative ion mode ESI, using time-of-flight (TOF)-MS and sequential window acquisitions of all theoretical spectra (SWATH)-MS (a permutation of tandem-MS), and combinations thereof. Principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA), applied to each mass spectral dataset, was used to determine the accuracy of differentiation of mouse brain tissue regions. Results: Mass spectral differences associated with capture/ESI solvent composition manifested as altered relative distributions of ions rather than the presence or absence of unique ions. In negative ion mode ESI, 80/20 (v/v) methanol/water yielded spectra with low signal/noise ratios relative to other solvents. PCA-LDA models acquired using 90/10 (v/v) methanol/chloroform differentiated tissue regions with 100% accuracy while data collected using methanol misclassified some samples. The combination of SWATH-MS and TOF-MS data improved differentiation accuracy.Conclusions: Combined TOF-MS and SWATH-MS data differentiated white, grey, granular, and nucleus mouse tissue regions with greater accuracy than when solely using TOF-MS data. Using 90/10 (v/v) methanol/chloroform, tissue regions were perfectly differentiated. Lastly, these results will guide future studies looking to utilize the potential of LMD-LVC/ESI-MS for tissue and disease differentiation.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
H I ASYMMETRIES IN THE ISOLATED GALAXY CIG 292
We present Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) D-array observations of the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen (H I) of CIG 292, an isolated SA(s)b galaxy at a distance of {approx}24.3 Mpc. From previous H I single dish observations the galaxy was known to have a mildly asymmetric H I profile (A {sub flux} = 1.23 {+-} 0.3). Our EVLA observations show there is {approx}12% more H I projected south of the optical center (approaching velocities) than in the north (receding velocities), despite the H I extending {approx}16% further to the north than the south. The H I projected within the optical disk must have been perturbed within the H I relaxation time ({approx}10{sup 8} yr) which implies that this cannot have been caused by any of the three nearest companions, as their distance ({approx}0.5 Mpc) is too large. Neither H I-rich companions nor tidal tails were found within our field of view and velocity range covered. Our kinematical data suggest that the inner part harbors an oval distortion whereas the outer regions show signs of a modest warp. The mild asymmetry in the H I global profile thus actually masks stronger asymmetries in the two-dimensional distributions of gas and star-forming regions in this galaxy. Since the galaxy is isolated, this must predominantly be due to processes related to its formation and secular evolution.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Contribution of Recently Measured Nuclear Data to Reactor Antineutrino Energy Spectra Predictions
The aim of this work is to study the impact of the inclusion of the recently measured β decay properties of the {sup 102,104,105,106,107}Tc, {sup 105}Mo, and {sup 101}Nb nuclei in the calculation of the antineutrino (anti-ν) energy spectra arising after the fissions of the four main fissile isotopes {sup 235,238}U, and {sup 239,241}Pu in PWRs. These β feeding probabilities, measured using the Total Absorption Technique (TAS) at the JYFL facility of Jyväskylä, have been found to play a major role in the γ component of the decay heat for {sup 239}Pu in the 4-3000 s range. Following the fission product summation method, the calculation was performed using the MCNP Utility Reactor Evolution code (MURE) coupled to the experimental spectra built from β decay properties of the fission products taken from evaluated databases. These latest TAS data are found to have a significant effect on the Pu isotope energy spectra and on the spectrum of {sup 238}U showing the importance of their measurement for a better assessment of the reactor anti-ν energy spectrum, as well as importance for fundamental neutrino physics experiments and neutrino applied physics.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Characterization and performance of the DTAS detector
DTAS is a segmented total absorption γ-ray spectrometer developed for the DESPEC experiment at FAIR. It is composed of up to eighteen NaI(Tl) crystals. In this work we study the performance of this detector with laboratory sources and also under real experimental conditions. We present a procedure to reconstruct offline the sum of the energy deposited in all the crystals of the spectrometer, which is complicated by the effect of NaI(Tl) light-yield non-proportionality. The use of a system to correct for time variations of the gain in individual detector modules, based on a light pulse generator, is demonstrated. We describe also an event-based method to evaluate the summing-pileup electronic distortion in segmented spectrometers. All of this allows a careful characterization of the detector with Monte Carlo simulations that is needed to calculate the response function for the analysis of total absorption γ-ray spectroscopy data. In conclusion, special attention was paid to the interaction of neutrons with the spectrometer, since they are a source of contamination in studies of β-delayed neutron emitting nuclei.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Total absorption spectroscopy of fission fragments relevant for reactor antineutrino spectra
Here, the accurate determination of reactor antineutrino spectra remains a very active research topic for which new methods of study have emerged in recent years. Indeed, following the long-recognized reactor anomaly (measured antineutrino deficit in short baseline reactor experiments when compared with spectral predictions), the three international reactor neutrino experiments Double Chooz, Daya Bay and Reno have recently demonstrated the existence of spectral distortions in their measurements with respect to the same predictions. These spectral predictions were obtained through the conversion of integral beta-energy spectra obtained at the ILL research reactor. Several studies have shown that the underlying nuclear physics required for the conversion of these spectra into antineutrino spectra is not totally understood. An alternative to such converted spectra is a complementary approach that consists of determining the antineutrino spectrum by means of the measurement and processing of nuclear data. The beta properties of some key fission products suffer from the pandemonium effect which can be circumvented by the use of the Total Absorption Gamma-ray Spectroscopy technique (TAGS). The two main contributors to the Pressurized Water Reactor antineutrino spectrum in the region where the spectral distortion has been observed are 92 Rb and 142 Cs, which have been measured at the radioactive beam facility of the University of Jyvaskyla in two TAGS experiments. We present the results of the analysis of the TAGS measurements of the β-decay properties of 92 Rb along with preliminary results on 142 Cs and report on the measurements already performed.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Large Impact of the Decay of Niobium Isomers on the Reactor ν ¯ e Summation Calculations
Even mass neutron-rich niobium isotopes are among the principal contributors to the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum. They are also among the most challenging to measure due to the refractory nature of niobium, and because they exhibit isomeric states lying very close in energy. The β-intensity distributions of 100gs,100m Nb and 102gs,102m Nb β decays have been determined using the total absorption γ-ray spectroscopy technique. The measurements were performed at the upgraded Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line facility at the University of Jyväskylä. Here, the double Penning trap system JYFLTRAP was employed to disentangle the β decay of the isomeric states. The new data obtained in this challenging measurement have a large impact in antineutrino summation calculations. As a result, for the first time the discrepancy between the summation model and the reactor antineutrino measurements in the region of the shape distortion has been reduced.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Total absorption γ -ray spectroscopy of the β -delayed neutron emitters Br 87 , Br 88 , and Rb 94
In this paper, we investigate the decay of 87,88 Br and 94 Rb using total absorption γ-ray spectroscopy. These important fission products are β-delayed neutron emitters. Our data show considerable βγ intensity, so far unobserved in high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy, from states at high excitation energy. We also find significant differences with the β intensity that can be deduced from existing measurements of the β spectrum. We evaluate the impact of the present data on reactor decay heat using summation calculations. Although the effect is relatively small it helps to reduce the discrepancy between calculations and integral measurements of the photon component for 235 U fission at cooling times in the range 1-100 s. We also use summation calculations to evaluate the impact of present data on reactor antineutrino spectra. We find a significant effect at antineutrino energies in the range of 5 to 9 MeV. In addition, we observe an unexpected strong probability for γ emission from neutron unbound states populated in the daughter nucleus. The γ branching is compared to Hauser-Feshbach calculations, which allow one to explain the large value for bromine isotopes as due to nuclear structure. However the branching for 94 Rb, although much smaller, hints of the need to increase the radiative width Γ γ by one order of magnitude. Finally, this increase in Γ γ would lead to a similar increase in the calculated (n, γ) cross section for this very neutron-rich nucleus with a potential impact on r process abundance calculations.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
The DESI Survey Validation: Results from Visual Inspection of Bright Galaxies, Luminous Red Galaxies, and Emission-line Galaxies
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Survey has obtained a set of spectroscopic measurements of galaxies to validate the final survey design and target selections. To assist in these tasks, we visually inspect DESI spectra of approximately 2500 bright galaxies, 3500 luminous red galaxies (LRGs), and 10,000 emission-line galaxies (ELGs) to obtain robust redshift identifications. We then utilize the visually inspected redshift information to characterize the performance of the DESI operation. Based on the visual inspection (VI) catalogs, our results show that the final survey design yields samples of bright galaxies, LRGs, and ELGs with purity greater than 99%. Moreover, we demonstrate that the precision of the redshift measurements is approximately 10 km s –1 for bright galaxies and ELGs and approximately 40 km s –1 for LRGs. The average redshift accuracy is within 10 km s –1 for the three types of galaxies. The VI process also helps improve the quality of the DESI data by identifying spurious spectral features introduced by the pipeline. Finally, we show examples of unexpected real astronomical objects, such as Ly α emitters and strong lensing candidates, identified by VI. These results demonstrate the importance and utility of visually inspecting data from incoming and upcoming surveys, especially during their early operation phases.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗