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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records

Experimental Study on Mitigation of Lifetime-Limiting Dielectric Cracking in Extreme Temperature 4H-SiC JFET Integrated Circuits

While NASA Glenn Research Center's "Generation 10" 4H-SiC Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) integrated circuits (ICs) have uniquely demonstrated 500 °C electrical operation for durations of over a year, this experimental work has also revealed that physical cracking of chip dielectric passivation layers ultimately limits extreme-environment operating lifetime [1-3]. The prevention of such dielectric passivation cracks should therefore improve IC high temperature durability and yield, leading to more beneficial technology adoption into aerospace, automotive, and energy systems. This report describes Generation 10.2, 11.1, and 11.2 die tested under unbiased and unpackaged accelerated age testing at 500 °C, 600 °C, 720 °C, and 800 °C in air-atmosphere ovens for 100- and 200-hour duration. Additional samples were separately subjected to 10 thermal cycles between the same high temperatures (with 10-hour high-temperature soak each cycle) and 50 °C. It is shown that having two stoichiometric Si3N4 layers in the interconnect dielectric stack substantially decreases the amount of dielectric cracking observed following these oven tests.

Spry, D. J.↗

Stable Electrical Operation of 6H-SiC JFETs and ICs for Thousands of Hours at 500 C

The fabrication and testing of the first semiconductor transistors and small-scale integrated circuits (ICs) to achieve up to 3000 h of stable electrical operation at 500 C in air ambient is reported. These devices are based on an epitaxial 6H-SiC junction field-effect transistor process that successfully integrated high temperature ohmic contacts, dielectric passivation, and ceramic packaging. Important device and circuit parameters exhibited less than 10% of change over the course of the 500 C operational testing. These results establish a new technology foundation for realizing durable 500 C ICs for combustion-engine sensing and control, deep-well drilling, and other harsh-environment applications.

Neudeck, Philip G.↗

Experimentally Observed Electrical Durability of 4H-SiC JFET ICs Operating from 500 C to 700 C

Prolonged 500 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius electrical testing data from 4H-SiC junction field effect transistor (JFET) integrated circuits (ICs) are combined with post-testing microscopic studies in order to gain more comprehensive understanding of the durability limits of the present version of NASA Glenn's extreme temperature microelectronics technology. The results of this study support the hypothesis that T ≥ 500 degrees Celsius durability-limiting IC failure initiates with thermal-stress-related crack formation where dielectric passivation layers overcoat micron-scale vertical features including patterned metal traces.

high temperature↗

Properties Of Plasma-Deposited Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon

Report reviews experimental research on plasma-deposited films of hydrogenated amorphous carbon. Such films exhibit electrical resistivity, semi-transparency, mechanical hardness, and chemical inertness. Useful as gate dielectrics and passivating layers in semiconductor devices, insulators for metal/insulator/metal devices, and masks in nanometer lithography. Show promise as wear-resistant, hard solid lubricating coats for bearings and optical components.

Miyoshi, Kazuhisa↗

A Performance Analysis on Soil Dielectric Models Over Organic Soils in Alaska for Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture

Passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture (SM) requires a physically based dielectric model that quantitatively converts the volumetric SM into the soil bulk dielectric constant. Mironov 2009 is the dielectric model used in the operational SM retrieval algorithms of the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and the ESA Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) missions. However, Mironov 2009 suffers a challenge in deriving SM over organic soils, as it does not account for the impact of soil organic matter (SOM) on the soil bulk dielectric constant. To this end, we presented a comparative performance analysis of nine advanced soil dielectric models over organic soil in Alaska, four of which incorporate SOM. In the framework of the SMAP single-channel algorithm at vertical polarization (SCA-V), SM retrievals from different dielectric models were derived using an iterative optimization scheme. The skills of the different dielectric models over organic soils were reflected by the performance of their respective SM retrievals, which was measured by four conventional statistical metrics, calculated by comparing satellite-based SM time series with in-situ benchmarks. Overall, SM retrievals of organic-soil-based dielectric models tended to overestimate, while those from mineral-soil-based models displayed dry biases. All the models showed comparable values of unbiased root-mean-square error (ubRMSE) and Pearson Correlation (R), but Mironov 2019 exhibited a slight but consistent edge over the others. An integrated consideration of the model inputs, the physical basis, and the validated accuracy indicated that the separate use of Mironov 2009 and Mironov 2019 in the SMAP SCA-V for mineral soils (SOM < 15%) and organic soils (SOM ≥ 15%) would be the preferred option.

Soil Moisture↗

Martian surface physical properties to be derived by radar altimeter on the Mars observer spacecraft

The potential is described of a candidate Mars Observer altimeter for determining dielectric properties of Mars regolith. It is pointed out that it is straightforward to use the time between altimeter pulse trains for passive radiometry (hence dielectric properties) and roughness can be derived. Given the mission plan the whole surface can be mapped at least three times, yielding data on seasonal variability.

Garvin, J. B.↗

Microwave remote sensing of sea ice in the AIDJEX Main Experiment

A microwave remote sensing program of sea ice in the Beaufort Sea was conducted during the Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (AIDJEX). Several types of both passive and active sensors were used to perform surface and aircraft measurements during all seasons of the year. In situ observations were made of physical properties (salinity, temperature, density, surface roughness), dielectric properties, and passive microwave measurements were made of first-year, multiyear, and first-year/multiyear mixtures. Airborne passive microwave measurements were performed with the electronically scanning microwave radiometer while airborne active microwave measurements were performed by synthetic aperture radar, X- and L-band radar, and a scatterometer.

Campbell, W. J.↗

Secondary emission conductivity of high purity silica fabric

High purity silica fabrics were proposed for use as a material to control the effects of electrostatic charging of satellites at synchronous altitudes. These materials exhibited very quiet behavior when placed in simulated charging environments as opposed to other dielectrics used for passive thermal control which exhibit varying degrees of electrical arcing. Secondary emission conductivity is proposed as a mechanism for this superior behavior. Design of experiments to measure this phenomena and data taken on silica fabrics are discussed as they relate to electrostatic discharge (ESD) control on geosynchronous orbit spacecraft. Studies include the apparent change in resistivity of the material as a function of the electron beam energy, flux intensity, and the effect of varying electric fields impressed across the material under test.

Belanger, V. J.↗

Field quantization and squeezed states generation in resonators with time-dependent parameters

The problem of electromagnetic field quantization is usually considered in textbooks under the assumption that the field occupies some empty box. The case when a nonuniform time-dependent dielectric medium is confined in some space region with time-dependent boundaries is studied. The basis of the subsequent consideration is the system of Maxwell's equations in linear passive time-dependent dielectric and magnetic medium without sources.

Dodonov, V. V.↗

Chemical composition of the SiO2/InSb interface as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

In connection with the relatively poor insulating characteristics of the native oxides of most III-V compound semiconductors, there has been interest in the development of deposited dielectric layers for surface passivation and MOS device fabrication on III-V compound semiconductor substrates. The chemical system of SiO2 deposited on single-crystal InSb substrates has been proposed for the fabrication of IR CCD. The considered investigation is concerned with a detailed examination of the chemical nature of the interactions between deposited and native oxides using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in conjunction with a chemical-etching technique for depth profiling. The compositional structure of the interfaces obtained in the SiO2/native oxide/InSb system is derived on the basis of an intensity analysis of XPS spectra. Thermal oxidation of the InSb substrate is found to result in an In-rich native oxide and excess elemental Sb at the native oxide/substrate interface.

Vasquez, R. P.↗

Fluorinated Poly(Phenylene Ether Ketones)

Fluorinated poly(phenylene ether ketones) are colorless, transparent, low-dielectric-constant, highly thermally stable polymers. Particularly suitable for use as film and coating materials in electronic and thermal-control applications such as; passivant insulating coats and interlevel dielectrics in microelectronic circuits, or as protective transparent coats on solar cells or mirrors. Solubility and transparency of 12F-PEK along with its lower dielectric constant and other properties make it more useful as dielectric film and coating material in many applications.

St. Clair, Anne K.↗

Growth and patterning of laser ablated superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 films on LaAlO3 substrates

A high quality superconducting film on a substrate with a low dielectric constant is desired for passive microwave circuit applications. In addition, it is essential that the patterning process does not effect the superconducting properties of the thin films to achieve the highest circuit operating temperatures. YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting films were grown on lanthanum aluminate substrates using laser ablation with resulting maximum transition temperature (T sub c) of 90 K. The films were grown on a LaAlO3 which was at 775 C and in 170 mtorr of oxygen and slowly cooled to room temperature in 1 atm of oxygen. These films were then processed using photolithography and a negative photoresist with an etch solution of bromine and ethanol. Results are presented on the effect of the processing on T(sub c) of the film and the microwave properties of the patterned films.

Warner, J. D.↗

Wireless Performance of a Fully Passive Neurorecording Microsystem Embedded in Dispersive Human Head Phantom

This paper reports the wireless performance of a biocompatible fully passive microsystem implanted in phantom media simulating the dispersive dielectric properties of the human head, for potential application in recording cortical neuropotentials. Fully passive wireless operation is achieved by means of backscattering electromagnetic (EM) waves carrying 3rd order harmonic mixing products (2f(sub 0) plus or minus f(sub m)=4.4-4.9 GHZ) containing targeted neuropotential signals (fm approximately equal to 1-1000 Hz). The microsystem is enclosed in 4 micrometer thick parylene-C for biocompatibility and has a footprint of 4 millimeters x 12 millimeters x 500 micrometers. Preliminary testing of the microsystem implanted in the lossy biological simulating media results in signal-to-noise ratio's (SNR) near 22 (SNR approximately equal to 38 in free space) for millivolt level neuropotentials, demonstrating the potential for fully passive wireless microsystems in implantable medical applications.

Schwerdt, Helen N.↗

Design considerations in the creation and maintenance of electrostatic cleanliness for solar electrically propelled spacecraft

Charge build-up on spacecraft surfaces and resulting zones of electrostatic contamination have been examined for electrically active and electrically passive spacecraft with both conducting and dielectric surface materials, illuminated and nonilluminated surface conditions, and for both inclusion and neglect of free charge effects from photocurrents and ambient space plasma particles. Techniques for measurement and reduction of electrostatic contamination zone extent have been developed for spacecraft with charge release capability. Indicated limitations for contamination cleanup are about 1 volt potential variation from spacecraft to ambient plasma. Bandwidths of electrostatic monitoring and clamping devices extend to several hundred kilohertz for both DC and 'broadband' AC electrostatic cleanliness.

Sellen, J. M., Jr.↗

Development of Electronics for Low Temperature Space Missions

The operation of electronic systems at cryogenic temperatures is anticipated for many future NASA space missions such as deep space probes and planetary surface exploration. For example, an unheated interplanetary probe launched to explore the rings of Saturn would reach an average temperature near Saturn of about -183 C. In addition to surviving the deep space harsh environment, electronics capable of low temperature operation would contribute to improving circuit performance, increasing system efficiency, and reducing payload development and launch costs. Terrestrial applications where components and systems must operate in low temperature environments include cryogenic instrumentation, superconducting magnetic energy storage, magnetic levitation transportation system, and arctic exploration. An on-going research and development program on low temperature electronics at the NASA Glenn Research Center focuses on the development of efficient power systems capable of surviving and exploiting the advantages of low temperature environments. Inhouse efforts include the design, fabrication, and characterization of low temperature power systems and the development of supporting technologies for low temperature operations, such as dielectric and insulating materials, semiconductor devices, passive power components, opto-electronic devices, as well as packaging and integration of the developed components into prototype flight hardware.

Patterson, Richard L.↗

Development of Electronics for Low-Temperature Space Missions

Electronic systems that are capable of operating at cryogenic temperatures will be needed for many future NASA space missions, including deep space probes and spacecraft for planetary surface exploration. In addition to being able to survive the harsh deep space environment, low-temperature electronics would help improve circuit performance, increase system efficiency, and reduce payload development and launch costs. Terrestrial applications where components and systems must operate in low-temperature environments include cryogenic instrumentation, superconducting magnetic energy storage, magnetic levitation transportation systems, and arctic exploration. An ongoing research and development project for the design, fabrication, and characterization of low-temperature electronics and supporting technologies at NASA Glenn Research Center focuses on efficient power systems capable of surviving in and exploiting the advantages of low-temperature environments. Supporting technologies include dielectric and insulating materials, semiconductor devices, passive power components, optoelectronic devices, and packaging and integration of the developed components into prototype flight hardware. An overview of the project is presented, including a description of the test facilities, a discussion of selected data from component testing, and a presentation of ongoing research activities being performed in collaboration with various organizations.

Patterson, Richard L.↗

Passivation of MBE grown InGaSb/InAs superlattice photodiodes

We have performed wet chemical passivation tests on InGaSb/InAs superlattice photodiode structures grown molecular beam epitaxy. The details of the devices growth and characterization as well as the results of chemical passivation involving RuCl3 and H2SO4 with SiO2 dielectric depositions are presented.

molecular beam↗

Remote sensing of Earth terrain

Research findings are summarized for projects dealing with the following: application of theoretical models to active and passive remote sensing of saline ice; radiative transfer theory for polarimetric remote sensing of pine forest; scattering of electromagnetic waves from a dense medium consisting of correlated Mie scatterers with size distribution and applications to dry snow; variance of phase fluctuations of waves propagating through a random medium; theoretical modeling for passive microwave remote sensing of earth terrain; polarimetric signatures of a canopy of dielectric cylinders based on first and second order vector radiative transfer theory; branching model for vegetation; polarimetric passive remote sensing of periodic surfaces; composite volume and surface scattering model; and radar image classification.

Kong, J. A.↗