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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Parsing Weather Variability and Wildfire Effects on the Post-Fire Changes in Daily Stream Flows: A Quantile-Based Statistical Approach and Its Application

Determining wildland fire impacts on streamflow can be problematic as the hydrology in burned watersheds is influenced by post-fire weather conditions. Here, this study presents a quantile-based analytical framework for assessing fire impacts on low and peak daily flow magnitudes, while accounting for post-fire weather influences. This framework entails (a) the bootstrap method to compute the relative change in the post-fire annual flow and weather statistics, (b) double mass analysis to detect if post-fire baseflow and quick-flow yield ratios are significantly altered, and (c) a quantile regression method to parse fire effects on flow at a specific quantile. We illustrate the applicability of this analytical framework using 44 western US streams with at least 5% of their watershed area burned. Results indicate that large, high-severity burns in upland watersheds can raise the streamflow magnitude at the 0. 05 th and 0. 95 th quantiles for at least the five post-fire years. Quantile regression results show that the median fire-related increase in flow for the five post-fire years can be up to 5,000% (Standard Error; S.E. < 2%) at the 0. 05 th E quantile and 161% (S.E. < 10%) at the 0. 95 th quantile. The fire-related increase in flow was often pronounced at the 0. 05 th quantile for streams in the Pacific Northwest and California regions. The difference in fire effects on flow (at both quantiles) across streams was related to post-fire weather, pyrology, physiography, and land cover. The proposed analytical framework can be useful for detecting and quantifying fire effects on the low and peak stream flows in burned watersheds without overlapping disturbances.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Improving Peptide-Level Mass Spectrometry Analysis via Double Competition

A critical statistical task in the analysis of shotgun proteomics data involves controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) among the reported set of discoveries. This task is most commonly solved at the peptide-spectrum match (PSM) level by using target-decoy competition (TDC), in which a set of observed spectra are searched against a database containing a mixture of real (target) and decoy peptides. The PSM-level procedure can be adapted to the peptide level by selecting the top-scoring PSM per peptide prior to FDR estimation. Here, we investigate both PSM-level and peptide-level FDR control methods and come to two conclusions. First, although the TDC procedure is provably correct under certain assumptions, we observe that one of these assumptions - that incorrect PSMs are independent of one another - is frequently violated. Hence, we empirically demonstrate that TDC-based PSM-level FDR estimates can be liberally biased. Further, we propose that researchers avoid PSM-level results and instead focus on peptide-level analysis. Second, we investigate three ways to carry out peptide level TDC and show that the most common method ("PSM-only") offers the lowest statistical power in practice. The most powerful method, peptide-level FDR with PSM competition ("PSM-and-peptide"), carries out competition first at the PSM level and then again at the peptide level. In our experiments, this approach yields an average increase of 17% more discovered peptides at a1% FDR threshold relative to the PSM-only method.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurements of hadron production in 90 GeV/𝑐 proton-carbon interactions

This paper presents the multiplicity of neutral and charged hadrons produced in 90 GeV/𝑐 proton-carbon interactions from a dataset taken by the NA61/SHINE experiment in 2017. Particle identification via d⁢𝐸/d⁢𝑥 was performed for the charged hadrons 𝜋 ± , 𝐾 ± , and $p/\bar{p}$; the neutral hadrons $K^0_S$, $Λ$, and $\bar{Λ}$ were identified via an invariant mass analysis of their decays to charged hadrons. Double-differential multiplicity results as a function of laboratory momentum and polar angle are presented for each particle species; these results provide vital constraints on the predicted neutrino beam flux for current and future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Pre-He White Dwarfs in Eclipsing Binaries. II. WASP 0843–11

We present the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry and our high-resolution spectra of the EL CVn–type star 1SWASP J084356.46–113327.5 (WASP 0843–11), which consists of an F-type main-sequence (MS) star and a hotter low-mass helium white dwarf precursor (pre-He WD). In a spectral analysis, double-lined radial velocities (RVs) were obtained for the first time. From a simultaneous analysis of the TESS light and RV curves, the masses, radii, and temperatures of each component were determined to be M {sub 1} = 1.733 ± 0.031 M {sub ⊙}, M {sub 2} = 0.220 ± 0.008 M {sub ⊙}, R {sub 1} = 2.094 ± 0.013 R {sub ⊙}, R {sub 2} = 0.331 ± 0.003 R {sub ⊙}, T {sub 1} = 6960 ± 120 K, and T {sub 2} =9870 ± 310 K, respectively. According to their physical properties, the primary and secondary stars are located on the instability strips of δ Sct/γ Dor hybrids and extremely low-mass WDs, respectively. We applied multiple frequency analyses to the residual light curve after subtracting the binarity effects and detected a total of four independent frequencies. A frequency of f {sub 3} = 1.6356 day{sup −1} in the low-frequency region was reminiscent of γ Dor stars, while the other three frequencies of f {sub 2}, f {sub 15}, and f {sub 18} in the high-frequency region (150–196 day{sup −1}) are probably related to pre-He WD components. Our results demonstrate that the more massive MS primary star of WASP 0843–11 is a γ Dor pulsator, whereas the hotter secondary component is a pre-He WD with high-frequency pulsations.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2023

A low-mass hub–filament with double centre revealed in NGC 2071-North

We present the first analysis in NGC 2071-North as a resolved hub–filament featuring a double centre. This ∼1.5 × 1.5 pc 2 scale filament hub contains ∼500 M ⊙ . Seen from Planck, magnetic field lines may have facilitated the gathering of material at this isolated location. The energy balance analysis, supported by infalling gas signatures, reveals that these filaments are currently forming stars. Herschel 100 $\mu$m emission concentrates in the hub, at IRAS 05451+0037 and LkHα 316, and presents diffuse lobes and loops around them. We suggest that such a double centre could be formed, because the converging locations of filament pairs are offset, by 2.3 arcmin (0.27 pc). This distance also matches the diameter of a hub ring, seen in column density and molecular tracers, such as HCO + (1–0) and HCN (1–0), that may indicate a transition and the connection between the hub and the radiating filaments. We argue that all of the three components of the emission star LkHα 316 are in physical association. We find that a ∼0.06-pc-sized gas loop, attached to IRAS 05451+0037, can be seen at wavelengths all the way from the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS)-i to Herschel 100 $\mu$m. These observations suggest that both protostars at the double hub centre are interacting with the cloud material. In our 13 CO data, we do not seem to find the outflow of this region that was identified in the 1980s with much lower resolution.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

OzMALDI: A Gas-Phase, In-Source Ozonolysis Reaction for Efficient Double-Bond Assignment in Mass Spectrometry Imaging with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization

Lipids make up an important class of biomolecules with diverse structures and varied chemical functions. This diversity is a major challenge in chemical analysis and limits our understanding of biological functions and regulation. A major way lipid isomers differ is by double-bond (db) position, and analyzing db-isomers is especially challenging for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Ozonolysis can be used to determine the dbposition and has been paired with MSI before. However, previous techniques require increased analysis time to allow for gas-phase reactions within an ion trap or ion mobility cell or additional sample preparation time to allow for offline ozonation. Here, we introduce a new ozonolysis method inside the matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) source, termed OzMALDI, that simultaneously produces ozonides from all unsaturated lipids. This allows us to determine db-positions without adding additional reaction time while maintaining the high mass resolution provided by Orbitrap MS. This new technique is especially effective at determining multiple db-positions in lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is a limitation of many previous techniques. OzMALDI-MSI was applied to the analysis of rat brain and genetically engineered Camelina and soybean seed samples, demonstrating the utility of this method and uncovering novel biological information.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Identification of Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Species by Joint Characterization of Li-Ion Battery Chemistry by Mass Spectrometry and Electrochemical Reaction Networks

The formation and stability of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) play central roles in determining the long-term performance and safety of modern electrochemical energy storage systems. Despite decades of research, the SEI’s heterogeneous, dynamic, and multiphase nature has defied comprehensive molecular-level characterization, creating a critical knowledge gap that limits rational battery design. In this work, we introduce a computational−experimental framework that integrates high-throughput quantum chemistry calculations, data-driven electrochemical reaction networks (eCRNs), stochastic algorithms, and laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LDI-FTICR-MS) to unravel SEI formation in carbonatebased electrolytes without imposing predefined mechanisms. We constructed the most comprehensive eCRN to date, spanning over 10,000 species and 209 million reactions. Through stochastic network analysis, we successfully recovered 27 species that were previously reported in the literature and predicted 28 novel SEI species nearly doubling our scientific knowledge in this area. Each new species was rigorously confirmed through advanced mass spectral analysis of its distinct molecular and isotopic signatures. We kinetically refined the formation pathways for a select set of both previously reported and novel SEI products, revealing kinetically feasible elementary reaction mechanisms with activation barriers below 1 eV. This computational−experimental approach deepens our molecular-level understanding of SEI chemistry by resolving which species form and through which decomposition mechanisms they emerge. Such knowledge provides the foundation necessary to connect electrolyte composition to the resulting SEI components, a critical step toward a more informed electrolyte development in next-generation lithium-based batteries.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

The Next Breakthroughs in Neutrino Physics (LDRD Final Report)

The neutrino is an important fundamental particle, one of the building blocks of the universe. Abetter understanding of the neutrino will answer questions regarding the origin of mass, the matter and anti-matter asymmetry of the universe, and the nature of dark matter. The nation's research community has recognized that the answers to these and other questions are within reach and has assigned neutrino experiments the highest priority for both nuclear and particle physics programs. We are investigating three aspects of neutrino experimentation: detection techniques, target materials, and data analysis. Our efforts targeted multiple applications including experiments to measure neutrinoless double-beta-decay, neutrino-oscillation and neutrino mass. Our research objectives include (1) developing approaches that make detectors scalable to larger sizes and insensitive to background signals; (2) increasing the signal strength and reducing noise from targets; and (3) efficiently distinguishing background noise from signals during analysis. In this LDRD we have advanced all of these areas. We have demonstrated the scale up of a metal organic framework that can adsorb xenon directly from the air that will allow for large neutrino detectors made from xenon. We have studied the use of Cherenkov radiation to reduce the signal backgrounds. We demonstrated the cracking of hydrogen to make atomic tritium for neutrino mass measurements, and lastly we demonstrated the benefits of machine learning techniques to improve signal to noise during analysis

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Uncertainty evaluation in reference material characterization by double isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS)

Double isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) is one of the most important measurement methods in the establishment of measurement standards for inorganic analysis. However, there is still no good consensus on approaches for uncertainty evaluation in double ID-ICP-MS. Particularly, approaches to treating the instrumental isotopic fractionation (IIF) phenomenon and correlation between uncertainty sources are diverse and often unclear in the literature. Here, an approach for uncertainty evaluation in double ID-ICP-MS measurements is described. Using three certified reference materials (CRMs), it is shown that the IIF effects cancel out and should not be included in the uncertainty budget. Further, a consistent way of considering correlated sources of uncertainty to prevent double counting of uncertainties is described in detail along with an example of measuring the mass fraction of magnesium in an oyster powder CRM.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

The structure of quark mass corrections in the gg → HH amplitude at high-energy

The leading and next-to-leading order QCD predictions for Higgs boson pair production at hadron colliders suffer from a significant mass renormalisation scheme uncertainty related to the choice of the top-quark mass. The functional dependence of the result on the value of the intermediate quark mass can be understood in the high-energy limit using the Method of Regions and the tools of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory. In this work, we study the origin of the sizeable logarithmic mass corrections in the gg → HH amplitudes at leading and next-to-leading power in the limit s, |t|, |u| ≫ ${m}_t^2$ ≫ ${m}_H^2$. We argue that the mass corrections follow a predictable factorised pattern that can be exploited to simplify their computation. We present results for the leading power leading logarithmic corrections, our analysis leads to a significant reduction in the theoretical uncertainty of the double Higgs production amplitudes at scattering energies ≳ 1 TeV due to the top-quark mass scheme.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Evaluation of mitigation strategies for radioactive fission gases in fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactors

Here, the Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (FHR) is a promising Generation IV nuclear reactor due to its improved safety design, near atmospheric working pressure, and high electric power conversion efficiency. However, control of radioactive fission gases, such as tritium, is a critical issue in FHRs due to the significantly larger production rate and potentially larger leakage rate of tritium compared to those in Light Water Reactors (LWRs). Therefore, this study proposes two mitigation strategies for tritium in FHRs: Double-Wall Heat eXchanger with a Tritium Carrier (DWHX-TC) option and Single-Wall Heat eXchanger with a Tritium Barrier (SWHX-TB) option. For the DWHX-TC option, two tube surface configurations, i.e., plain and fluted tubes, and four tritium carriers, i.e., helium, FLiBe, FLiNaK, and KF-ZrF 4 , are initially considered, among which the best tube configuration and promising tritium carrier are then selected and used for design optimization of the DWHX. For the SWHX-TB option, two cases, tritium barriers with and without cracks, are investigated in this study. In addition, the two mitigation strategies are evaluated by an in-house, one-dimensional, coupled HEat and MAss Transfer (HEMAT) code developed to predict the leakage rate of tritium in nuclear systems. Our analysis shows that (1) a double-wall configuration using fluted tubes as both the inner and outer tubes is better than other double-wall configurations investigated; (2) helium, as a tritium carrier, is superior to other candidates, including FLiBe, FLiNaK, and KF-ZrF 4 ; (3) the leakage rate of tritium (into the atmosphere) is reduced from 3400 Ci/day, taking the Advanced High-Temperature Reactor (AHTR) as a reference, to 4.0 Ci/day for an optimum design of the DWHX-TC option using helium as the tritium carrier and 1.7 Ci/day for an optimum design of the SWHX-TB option using 30-µm thick silicon carbide (SiC) as the tritium barrier (no cracks); and (4) potential cracks in tritium barriers may significantly deteriorate mass transfer performance of the SWHX-TB option. For example, a cracking rate of 0.1% leads to an increase of 694.1% in the leakage rate under the conditions investigated.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Assay-based background projection for the Majorana Demonstrator using Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation

The background index (BI) is an important quantity to project and calculate the half-life sensitivity of neutrinoless double-𝛽 decay (0⁢𝜈⁢𝛽⁢𝛽) experiments. An analysis framework is presented to calculate the BI using the specific activities, masses, and simulated efficiencies of an experiments components as distributions. This Bayesian framework includes a unified approach to combine specific activities from assay. Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation is used to build a BI distribution from the specific activity, mass, and efficiency distributions. This method is applied to the M AJORANA D EMONSTRATOR , which deployed arrays of high-purity Ge detectors enriched in 76 Ge to search for 0⁢𝜈⁢𝛽⁢𝛽. The original assay-based projection is requantified in the new framework, using the as-built geometry of the Demonstrator and additional assay information. While 47% higher than the original projection, the resulting BI of [8.95±0.36]×10 −4 cts/(keVkgyr) from the 232 Th and 238 U decay chains does not account for the higher-than-expected BI observed by the D EMONSTRATOR . Finally, this method enables us to demonstrate the statistical incompatibility between the D EMONSTRATOR 's observed background and the assay results.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Nondestructive measurements of residual 235 U mass of Israeli Research Reactor-1 fuel using the Advanced Experimental Fuel Counter

In 2018, a measurement campaign took place with participants from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), the Nuclear Research Centre-Negev (NRCN) and Soreq Nuclear Research Center (SNRC) at the Israeli Research Reactor-1 (IRR-1) in which 14 of the reactor’s used fuel assemblies (FAs) with varied amount of depletion were measured with the nondestructive assay instrument Advanced Experimental Fuel Counter (AEFC). Designed for safeguards purposes, the AEFC measures both neutrons emitted from the FA (passive neutrons) and fission neutrons induced by an external neutron source (in this experiment, 252 Cf). Signals recorded with the AEFC include total neutron count rates (Singles), time-correlated neutron count rates (Doubles), and total gamma-ray count rates. The 235 U content of the FAs was previously assessed by two independent methods: (1) measurement of the transparency of the FA to low-energy gamma rays from an activated rhenium source (rhenium gamma transmission, or the RGT method) and (2) calculation of the 30-year burnup history of the core using detailed three-dimensional Monte-Carlo core depletion calculations. The results from the FAs that had been measured via the RGT method were used to construct the calibration curves, which translate the AEFC count rates to 235 U mass. Then, the calibration was evaluated using AEFC measurements of six additional FAs that were not measured via the RGT method. From the results, it was determined the Doubles calibration curve was more reliable than that of the Singles and follows a simple second-order polynomial fit for the whole range of residual 235 U mass content, albeit with larger statistical uncertainty. Detailed uncertainties quantification was conducted for both the AEFC Singles and Doubles. This includes the analysis of statistical uncertainties, calibration uncertainty, and random uncertainties due to the sensitivity of the AEFC to several sources of uncertainty, namely the FA position, FA orientation, interrogation source position, and ambient pool temperature. Finally, an overall total uncertainty of 6 g of 235 U is estimated for the Singles and Doubles, which is mainly due to calibration uncertainty (for the Singles) and statistical uncertainty (for the Doubles), and which constitutes 3%–6% of the 235 U total mass in the FAs, depending on their level of depletion.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Exemplary Merging Clusters: Weak-lensing and X-Ray Analysis of the Double Radio Relic, Merging Galaxy Clusters MACS J1752.0+4440 and ZWCL 1856.8+6616

We report the investigation of merging galaxy clusters that exhibit radio relics is strengthening our understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters, the nature of dark matter, the intracluster medium, and astrophysical particle acceleration. Each merging cluster provides only a single view of the cluster formation process, and the variety of merging clusters is vast. Clusters hosting double radio relics are rare and extremely important because they allow tight constraints on the merger scenario. We present a weak-lensing and X-ray analysis of MACS J1752.0+4440 (z = 0.365) and ZWCL 1856.8+6616 (z = 0.304), two double radio relic clusters. Our weak-lensing mass estimates show that each cluster is a major merger with approximately 1:1 mass ratio. The total mass of MACS J1752.0+4440 (ZWCL 1856.8+6616) is M 200 =14.7 $_{-3.3}+{+3.8}$ x 10 14 M ⊙ M 200 = 2.4 $_{-0.7}^{+0.9}$ 10 14 M ⊙ ). We find that these two clusters have comparable features in their weak-lensing and gas distributions, even though the systems have vastly different total masses. From the likeness of the X-ray morphologies and the remarkable symmetry of the radio relics, we propose that both systems underwent nearly head-on collisions. However, revelations from the hot-gas features and our multiwavelength data analysis suggest that ZWCL 1856.8+6618 is likely at a later merger phase than MACS J1752.0+4440. We postulate that the SW radio relic in MACS J1752.0+4440 is a result of particle reacceleration.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Total Measurement Uncertainty in Neutron Coincidence Multiplicity Analysis

Neutron multiplicity counting is the most commonly used nondestructive assay technique for determining the plutonium mass within containers of scrap PuO 2 or mixed oxide (MOX). In multiplicity analysis, the 240 Pu eff mass, leakage multiplication, and alpha ratio (the ratio of [α, n]-to-spontaneous fission neutron production) are the three primary unknown sample properties. They must be determined simultaneously. To solve for these three unknowns in a multiplicity assay, three measured values are needed: the singles, doubles, and triples neutron count rates. While the analysis is limited to solving for three unknowns, there are many additional factors that impact the observed count rates and contribute to the measurement uncertainty. In this study we investigate the various uncertainty contributors for the multiplicity analysis through a combination of traditional uncertainty propagation techniques supplemented by Monte Carlo simulations to address the dependences not explicitly expressed by the point source model. Uncertainties arising from counting statistics, calibration parameters, calibration method, nuclear data, and various material characteristics (isotopic abundances, chemical form, density, and impurities) are considered. A Total Measurement Uncertainty (TMU) estimate is then developed from these uncertainty contributors. This study is confined to multiplicity analysis of items commonly encountered in international safeguards applications. That is, the study focused on Pu oxides and MOX materials for the masses ranging up to 4000 grams total Pu. Multiplicity measurements were simulated using MCNP V6 based on the Plutonium Scrap Multiplicity Counter (PSMC), Epithermal Multiplicity Counter (ENMC), Pyrochemical Multiplicity Counter, and Large Epithermal Multiplicity Counter (LEMC) for this study; however, this report focuses on the parameterization of the uncertainties for the PSMC. The performance differences between the PSMC and the other multiplicity counting systems are relatively small, primarily manifesting in the impact on measurement precision so that the evaluation developed for the PSMC can be applied to the other multiplicity counting systems. Finally an analysis tool, the Multiplicity TMU Estimator, was developed from this study to serve as an aid for evaluation of the total measurement uncertainty of multiplicity assay results obtained from the commonly used INCC acquisition and analysis software.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Comparison of Irradiated and Unirradiated Graphite Oxidation Performance

This work examines the oxidation behavior of NBG-25 graphite using irradiated specimens and (not irradiated) companion specimens from the Advanced Graphite Creep (AGC) Experiment. Irradiated and companion specimens were quartered, split into four small samples, to enable four oxidation test runs for each (0.5 inch diameter by 0.25 inch tall) piggyback button obtained from the AGC Experiment inventory. These split samples were oxidized in air in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and benchmarked against observations with separately sourced same-grade specimens of three geometries oxidized either in the TGA or in a vertical furnace built and operated to satisfy the specifications of ASTM D7542. The study considers both irradiation damage and relief of damage by thermal annealing. A range of isothermal oxidation temperatures were tested for specimens exposed to a similar irradiation environment, nominally 6.5 dpa at 650°C. To assess the dose dependency of observed oxidation behavior, specimens with a range of irradiation exposures (up to 6.8 dpa) were tested at the single oxidation temperature of 650°C. In the conventional analysis (rate determined over the 5-10% mass loss range) any annealing effects appear to be negligible, while irradiation to ~6.5 dpa may double or triple the subsequent oxidation rate. However, examination of rate with extent of reaction (over incremental ranges from initial onset up to 5% mass loss) illustrates that (at least for ~6.5 dpa) irradiation initially inhibits oxidation. Slower rates of oxidation than companion split samples are clearly indicated across all oxidation temperatures tested up to ~0.5% mass loss. Over the range of 0.5-1% mass loss, regardless of normalization strategy, there is no statistically meaningful difference in oxidation rate. However, beyond 0.5% mass loss oxidation of the irradiated sample becomes progressively faster than the companion sample (up to the 10% mass loss level observed).

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

TMAP modeling of D release from baked multi-layer Be–D co-deposits

Single-layer Beryllium–Deuterium (Be–D) co-deposits were analyzed using Thermal Desorption mass Spectrometry (TDS) as outlined in the companion paper. This work details the TMAP modeling and the analysis of selected samples that received double-layer (DL) coatings to study co-deposit thickness and prior bake effects. Here, TDS data were simulated with detrap energies 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 eV. In DLs formed at 393 K, modeling revealed that under-layers baked at 623 K for either 2 or 20 h had little pumping effect on over-layers, suggesting empty trap removal during bake. Extrapolated to ITER, data and analysis suggest less impact on the ongoing ITER bake efficiency than previously predicted.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Determination of the strong coupling and its running from measurements of inclusive jet production

The value of the strong coupling α S is determined in a comprehensive analysis at next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy in quantum chromodynamics. The analysis uses double-differential cross section measurements from the CMS Collaboration at the CERN LHC of inclusive jet production in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV, combined with inclusive deep-inelastic data from HERA. The value α S (m z ) = 0.1176 $^{+0.0014}_{-0.0016}$ is obtained at the scale of the Z boson mass. By using the measurements in different intervals of jet transverse momentum, the running of α S is probed for energies between 100 and 1600 GeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗