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At least 19 records

Nonlinear saturation spectra of electric fields and density fluctuations in drift wave turbulence

The detection of drift waves in the nonlinear evolution of a space plasma process driven at long wavelengths is considered, adducing measurements of the electric field and density fluctuation power spectra as evidence. Since the driving mechanism is clearly at long wavelengths, the detection of drift waves suggests that they may play an important role in the transfer of wave energy from long to short wavelengths in a low beta plasma. The saturated spectral density is compared with theoretical results in order to estimate the anomalous diffusion rate. The observed spectral form and amplitude is in excellent agreement with drift wave predictions.

Kelley, M. C.↗

Possible inverse cascade behavior for drift-wave turbulence

The turbulent spectral properties of the dynamical equation of Hasegawa and Mima (1978) governing the evolution of the electrostatic potential in drift-wave turbulence is investigated for two formulations of the problem: (1) as a nondissipative initial value problem, with the potential represented by a truncated Fourier series with large number of terms, and (2) as a dissipative problem with a small viscous dissipation at very short spatial scales, and a long wavelength forcing term at longer wavelengths. It is found that Hasegawa and Mima's prediction for the nondissipative, truncated initial value modal problem is accurate, but substantial differences exist for the forced dissipative case between computer results and analytical predictions based on a wave kinetic equation of Kadomtsev. Much better agreement is found with a simple dual-cascade model based on Kraichnan's generalization of Kolmogorov's cascade arguments.

Fyfe, D.↗

Lower-hybrid-drift wave turbulence in the distant magnetotail

Recent satellite observations of electrostatic and magnetic noise in the distant magnetotail (Gurnett et al., 1976) can be explained by the excitation of the lower-hybrid-drift instability. In particular, it is shown that (1) existence conditions for the lower-hybrid-drift instability can be met, (2) the observed frequency spectra and polarization are in good agreement with the predictions of linear theory, and (3) the observed amplitudes of fluctuations are consistent with the nonlinear theory of this mode. Moreover, the observation of this instability suggests that the anomalous transport properties associated with these waves, which are important in many laboratory devices, may play a crucial role in the macroscopic evolution of magnetotail processes such as field line merging, tearing instabilities, or 'fireballs'.

Huba, J. D.↗

Nonlinear mode coupling theory of the lower-hybrid-drift instability

A nonlinear mode coupling theory of the lower-hybrid-drift instability is presented. A two-dimensional nonlinear wave equation is derived which describes lower-hybrid drift wave turbulence in the plane transverse to B (k.B = 0), and which is valid for finite beta, collisional and collisionless plasmas. The instability saturates by transferring energy from growing, long wavelength modes to damped, short wavelength modes. Detailed numerical results are presented which compare favorably to both recent computer simulations and experimental observations. Applications of this theory to space plasmas, the earth's magnetotail and the equatorial F region ionosphere, are discussed. Previously announced in STAR as N84-17734

Drake, J. F.↗

An analysis of the role of drift waves in equatorial spread F

An account is given of results of rocket measurements of the wave number spectrum of equatorial spread F irregularities, with emphasis on wavelengths less than 100 m. The measurements were made from two sounding rockets launched from Peru as part of Project Condor. The Condor density fluctuation spectra display a break at a wavelength near 100 m, identical to that found in the PLUMEX experiment (Kelley et al., 1982). The Condor data also confirm a subrange in which the density and the wave potential obey the Boltzmann relation - a strong indication of the presence of low-frequency electrostatic waves with finite wavelength parallel to the magnetic field, perhaps low-frequency drift waves as proposed by Kelley et al. The Condor data are also consistent with the previous conjecture that drift waves only exist above 300 km altitude. To investigate the difference in spectra observed over two altitude ranges, the data must be fitted to a form for the power spectrum taken from Keskinen and Ossakow (1981). The fitted spectrum, along with empirically determined growth and dissipation rates, is used to calculate the energy pumped into the spectrum at long wavelengths as well as the energy dissipated at shorter wavelengths. It is found that the energy is balanced by classical collisional effects in the low-altitude case, but energy balance in the high-altitude case requires an enhanced dissipation of about 500 times that due to classical diffusion. The model is consistent with, but does not uniquely imply, an inverse cascade of drift wave turbulence in equatorial spread F.

Labelle, J.↗

Influence of drift flow turbulence on surface gravity wave propagation

The theory of surface gravity waves scattering at vortex flows in the ocean is developed in this paper. A scattering amplitude is found in the Born approximation as a function of Vorticity that appears very convenient for investigation of scattering at simple localized flows.

drift flow turbulence↗

A laboratory experiment on EM backscatter from Farley-Buneman and gradient drift waves

Results of laboratory experiment on Bragg backscatter of 3-cm microwaves by turbulent waves driven by the Farley-Buneman and gradient drift instabilities are reported. It is noted that the study is the third in a series of laboratory experiments performed to test, under controlled conditions, prevalent ideas on EM scattering by equatorial and high-latitude ionospheric waves and irregularities. It is shown through separate backscattering from fast and slow ion beam modes that a beam of EM radiation actually provides, in backscatter, information on the spectral content of the scattering medium.

Alport, M. J.↗

A search for lower hybrid drift turbulence in slow shocks

The slow shocks which have been observed in the distant geomagnetic tail by ISEE 3 do not exhibit the large-amplitude magnetic field rotations which are theoretically expected. A possible explanation is that the rotation trailing wave train is resistively damped by strong lower hybrid drift turbulence excited in the shock front. Magnetic wave spectra for three slow shocks are constructed from ISEE 3 dc magnetometer and search coil experiments. The observed magnetic amplitudes near the lower hybrid frequency are below the level at which anomalous resistance would damp the slow shock magnetic rotations.

Coroniti, F. V.↗

Dissipation mechanisms in a pair of solar-wind discontinuities.

A pair of sharp closely spaced discontinuities in the solar wind was recorded by the high time resolution instruments aboard Ogo 5 on Mar. 14, 1968. There is plasma turbulence within the double structure, and there appear to be small-amplitude hydromagnetic waves radiating from the discontinuities. The generation of the plasma turbulence is discussed in terms of magnetic drift waves. Although it seems probable that the surfaces are tangential discontinuities, arguments are also advanced that the double structure may represent the Petschek mechanism in which rapid field-line merging occurs between standing waves.

Unti, T. W. J.↗

Polar Spacecraft Observations of the Turbulent Outer Cusp/Magnetopause Boundary Layer of Earth

The orbit of the Polar spacecraft has been ideally suited for studying the turbulent region of the cusp that is located near or just outside the magnetopause current sheet at 7-9 R(sub E). The wave data obtained in this region show that electromagnetic turbulence is dominant in the frequency range 1-10 Hz. The waves responsible for this turbulence usually propagate perpendicular to the local magnetic field and have an index of refraction that generally falls between the estimated cold plasma theoretical values of the electromagnetic lower hybrid and whistler modes and may be composed of both modes in concert with kinetic Alfven waves and/or fast magnetosonic waves. Fourier spectra of the higher frequency wave data also show the electromagnetic turbulence at frequencies up to and near the electron cyclotron frequency. This higher frequency electromagnetic turbulence is most likely associated with whistler mode waves. The lower hybrid drift and current gradient instabilities are suggested as possible mechanisms for producing the turbulence. The plasma and field environment of this turbulent region is examined and found to be extremely complex. Some of the wave activity is associated with processes occurring locally, such as changes in the DC magnetic field, while others are associated with solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field changes.

Pickett, J. S.↗

Polar Spacecraft Observations of the Turbulent Outer Cusp/Magnetopause Boundary Layer of Earth

The orbit of the Polar spacecraft has been ideally suited for studying the turbulent region of the cusp that is located near or just outside the magnetopause current sheet at 7-9 R(sub E). The wave data obtained in this region show that electromagnetic turbulence is dominant in the frequency range 1-10 Hz. The waves responsible for this turbulence usually propagate perpendicular to the local magnetic field and have an index of refraction that generally falls between the estimated cold plasma theoretical values of the electromagnetic lower hybrid and whistler modes and may be composed of both modes in concert with kinetic Alfven waves and/or fast magnetosonic waves. Fourier spectra of the higher frequency wave data also show the electromagnetic turbulence at frequencies up to and near the electron cyclotron frequency. This higher frequency electromagnetic turbulence is most likely associated with whistler mode waves. The lower hybrid drift and current gradient instabilities are suggested as possible mechanisms for producing the turbulence. The plasma and field environment of this turbulent region is examined and found to be extremely complex. Some of the wave activity is associated with processes occurring locally, such as changes in the DC magnetic field, while others are associated with solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field changes.

Pickett, J. S.↗

Dynamics of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling including turbulent transport

A two dimensional two-fluid MHD model including anomalous resistivity was used to investigate the dynamics of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. When a field-aligned current is generated on auroral field lines, the disturbance propagates towards the ionosphere in the form of a kinetic Alfven wave. When the current exceeds a critical value, microscopic turbulence is produced, which modifies the propagation of the Alfven wave. This process is modeled by a nonlinear collision frequency, which increases with the excess of the drift velocity over the critical value. Turbulence leads to absorption and reflection of the Alfven wave, partially decoupling the generator from the ionosphere. The approach to a steady-state is strongly dependent on the presence or absence of the turbulence. The current is self-limiting, since a current in excess of critical causes a diffusion of the magnetic field perturbation and a reduction of current.

Lysak, R. L.↗

Production of Magnetic Turbulence by Cosmic Rays Drifting Upstream of Supernova Remnant Shocks

I will present results of our recent two- and three-dimensional Particle-In-Cell simulations of magnetic-turbulence production by cosmic-ray ions drifting upstream of supernova remnant shocks. These studies' aim is twofold: test recent predictions of strong amplification in short wavelength, non-resonant wave modes, and study the subsequent evolution of the magnetic turbulence, including its backreaction on cosmic-ray trajectories. We confirm that the drifting cosmic rays give rise to a turbulent magnetic field, but show that an oblique filamentary mode grows more rapidly than the non-resonant parallel modes found in analytical theory. The field perturbations grow more slowly than estimated using a quasi-linear analytical approach for the parallel plane-wave mode, and saturate in amplitude at deltaB/B approximately equal to 1. The backreaction of the magnetic turbulence on the particles leads to an alignment of the bulk-flow velocities of the cosmic rays and the background medium. This is an essential characteristic of cosmic ray-modified shocks: the upstream flow speed is continuously changed by the cosmic rays. The reduction of relative drift between cosmic rays and background medium accounts for the saturation of the instability at only moderate magnetic-field amplitudes. It is possible that the prolonged magnetic field growth observed in recent MHD simulations results from a cosmic-ray current assumed to be constant and thus immune to the backreaction from the turbulent field. We speculate that the parallel plane-wave mode found in analytical treatments very quickly leads co filamentation, which we observe in our PIC modeling and is also apparent in the MHD simulations.

Stroman, Thomas↗

Heating and Acceleration of Solar Wind Ions by Turbulent Wave Spectrum in Inhomogeneous Expanding Plasma

Near the Sun (< 10Rs) the acceleration, heating, and propagation of the solar wind are likely affected by the background inhomogeneities of the magnetized plasma. The heating and the acceleration of the solar wind ions by turbulent wave spectrum in inhomogeneous plasma is studied using a 2.5D hybrid model. The hybrid model describes the kinetics of the ions, while the electrons are modeled as massless neutralizing fluid in an expanding box approach. Turbulent magnetic fluctuations dominated by power-law frequency spectra, which are evident from in-situ as well as remote sensing measurements, are used in our models. The effects of background density inhomogeneity across the magnetic field on the resonant ion heating are studied. The effect of super- Alfvenic ion drift on the ion heating is investigated. It is found that the turbulent wave spectrum of initially parallel propagating waves cascades to oblique modes, and leads to enhanced resonant ion heating due to the inhomogeneity. The acceleration of the solar wind ions is achieved by the parametric instability of large amplitude waves in the spectrum, and is also affected by the inhomogeneity. The results of the study provide the ion temperature anisotropy and drift velocity temporal evolution due to relaxation of the instability. The non-Maxwellian velocity distribution functions (VDFs) of the ions are modeled in the inhomogeneous solar wind plasma in the acceleration region close to the Sun.

Ofman, Leon↗

Rocket observations in the equatorial electrojet - Current status and critical problems

The current status of in situ investigations in the equatorial electrojet is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on: (1) the relation of the vertical polarization field to the electrojet current and the electron number density; (2) the puzzling square shapes of the large amplitude kilometer-scale horizontal electric field structures; (3) the intense vertical, meter-scale waves observed on the topside of the electrojet associated with horizontal laminar-like primary two-stream waves; (4) measurements of upgoing and downgoing secondary two-stream and gradient drift wave packets driven by delta E x B drifts; (5) the nonlinear meter-scale 'turbulence' with small mean phase velocities observed by radars at altitudes outside the regions of high Cowling conductivity, and wave-particle heating by the plasma instabilities.

Pfaff, R. F., Jr.↗

Three-dimensional ion sound turbulence

A fast cold large diameter electron beam is injected into a uniform background plasma. The injected beam current is balanced by a field-aligned return current which gives rise to an ion acoustic instability. The plasma is essentially unbounded and collisionless on the time scale of the pulsed experiment. The fluctuations are analyzed by probe techniques in real time and space as well as in the frequency and wavenumber domains. Strong density fluctuations are observed in the entire ion acoustic spectrum reaching peak amplitudes at the low frequency end. The propagation of phase coherent test waves in the current carrying plasma is investigated. For the highly turbulent regime strong damping is observed while at lower drift velocities direction is observed. Oblique propagation of two strong test waves at different frequencies indicate the role of nonlinear ion Landau damping in absorption of wave energy.

Stenzel, R. L.↗

Transition to two-dimensional turbulent convection in a rapidly rotating annulus

Convection in a rapidly rotating, differentially heated annulus with sloping top and bottom lids is investigated using a semianalytical model. A relatively simple two-dimensional structure is preserved in the experimentally observed flow under rapid rotation, with temporal complexity increasing with the Rayleigh number. The model is, therefore, two-dimensional and exibits a sequence of bifurcations from steadily drifting, azimuthally periodic convection columns (thermal Rossby waves) through vacillation and a period-doubling cascade, to aperiodic weakly turbulent solutions. The results obtained here agree to within a few percent with an earlier limited-resolution two-dimensional model.

Lin, R.-Q.↗