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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Gauge-symmetrization method for energy-momentum tensors in high-order electromagnetic field theories

For electromagnetic field theories, canonical energy-momentum conservation laws can be derived from the underpinning spacetime translation symmetry according to the Noether procedure. However, the canonical energy-momentum tensors (EMTs) are neither symmetric nor gauge-symmetric (gauge invariant). The Belinfante-Rosenfeld (BR) method is a well-known procedure to symmetrize the EMTs, which also renders them gauge symmetric for first-order field theories. High-order electromagnetic field theories appear in the study of gyrokinetic systems for magnetized plasmas and the Podolsky system for the radiation reaction of classical charged particles. For these high-order field theories, gauge-symmetric EMTs are not necessarily symmetric and vice versa. In the present study, we develop a new gauge-symmetrization method for EMTs in high-order electromagnetic field theories. The Noether procedure is carried out using the Faraday tensor $F_{μν}$, instead of the 4-potential $A_{μ}$, to derive a canonical EMT $T^{μν}_{N}$. We show that the gauge-dependent part of $T^{μν}_{N}$ can be removed using the displacement-potential tensor $F^{σμν}$ ≡ $D^{σμ}A^{ν}/4π$, where $D^{σμ}$ is the antisymmetric electric displacement tensor. This method gauge-symmetrizes the EMT without necessarily making it symmetric, which is adequate for applications not involving general relativity. For first-order electromagnetic field theories, such as the standard Maxwell system, $F^{σμν}$ reduces to the familiar BR superpotential $S^{σμν}$, and the method developed can be used as a simpler procedure to calculate $S^{σμν}$ without employing the angular momentum tensor in 4D spacetime. When the electromagnetic system is coupled to classical charged particles, the gauge-symmetrization method for EMTs is shown to be effective as well.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Manipulating strong electromagnetic fields with the average transverse momentum of relativistic nuclear collisions

Abstract We show that an event-shape engineering based on the mean transverse momentum of charged hadrons, $$[p_t]$$ [ p t ] , provides an optimal handle on the strength of the magnetic field created in central heavy-ion collisions at high energy. This is established through quantitative evaluations of the correlation existing between the event-by-event magnetic field produced by the spectator protons in 5.02 TeV Pb + Pb collisions and the event-by-event $$[p_t]$$ [ p t ] at a given collision centrality. We argue that the event selection based on $$[p_t]$$ [ p t ] provides a better handle on the magnetic field than the more traditional selection based on the event ellipticities. Advantages brought by this new method for the experimental search of the chiral magnetic effect are discussed.

Giacalone, Giuliano (ORCID:0000000287761034)↗
DOE OSTI2021

Quasi-Dynamic Electromagnetic Field Safety Analysis and Mitigation for High-Power Dynamic Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles

Dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles (EV) is an emerging charging technology to enable non-contact wireless charging while the vehicle is moving. Compared to stationary wireless charging, in-motion wireless charging involves dynamic processes in which an EV is passing over the charging pads (transmitters). This in motion process makes the dynamic electromagnetic (EM) environment more complicated, and EM safety needs to be ensured under all circumstances. This is due to the fact that the entire vehicle body may be exposed to magnetic fields while the vehicle moves over the energized transmitter. This paper investigates several typical charging scenarios when EVs approach, pass over, and move away from the charging pads. Quasi-dynamic models, which are preliminarily verified by coils’ inductance measurements, are developed to analyze the dynamic process. Based on the quasi-dynamic analysis, shielding solutions are also studied to ensure EM safety for the dynamic wireless charging processes.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Modelling Proton Interactions with Magnetodynamic Targets for Electromagnetic Field Mapping

This paper does not describe NNSS work on this project. I am a co-author due to our experimental support which will be described in future papers. The principal authors want to include all authors on all papers as a team, so I am included. The primary authors want to ensure NNSS is recognized as part of that team. My work related to this specific paper was limited to intellectual conversations and experimental planning.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1995

Assessment of Electromagnetic Fields at NASA Langley Research Center

This report presents the results of an assessment of ElectroMagnetic Fields (EMF) completed at NASA Langley Research Center as part of the Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars Program. This project was performed to determine levels of electromagnetic fields, determine the significance of the levels present, and determine a plan to reduce electromagnetic field exposure, if necessary. This report also describes the properties of electromagnetic fields and their interaction with humans. The results of three major occupational epidemiological studies is presented to determine risks posed to humans by EMF exposure. The data for this report came from peer-reviewed journal articles and government publications pertaining to the health effects of electromagnetic fields.

Ficklen, Carter B.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electromagnetic Field Simulation Utilizing VERTEX

The understanding of electromagnetic fields is essential for many core applications at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Electromagnetic fields play an important role in particle accelerators, antennas, electric motors, power grids, and are principal part of nuclear fusion. We develop a numerical solver called able to treat the Maxwell system utilizing ORNL's VERTEX framework.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Charged particle motion and radiation in strong electromagnetic fields

The dynamics of charged particles in electromagnetic fields is an essential component of understanding the most extreme environments in our Universe. In electromagnetic fields of sufficient magnitude, radiation emission dominates the particle motion and effects of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in strong fields are crucial, which triggers electron-positron pair cascades and counterintuitive particle-Trapping phenomena. As a result of recent progress in laser technology, high-power lasers provide a platform to create and probe such fields in the laboratory. With new large-scale laser facilities on the horizon and the prospect of investigating these hitherto unexplored regimes, this review explores the basic physical processes of radiation reaction and QED in strong fields, how they are treated theoretically and in simulation, the new collective dynamics they unlock, recent experimental progress and plans, and possible applications for high-flux particle and radiation sources.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Continuous evolution of electromagnetic field in heavy-ion collisions

In relativistic heavy-ion collisions the electromagnetic field exists before the hot nuclear matter emergence. Requiring the field continuity, we compute it in the central rapidity region by taking into account the electromagnetic response of the Quark Gluon Plasma. We show that the electromagnetic field is nearly time-independent from about 1 fm/c after the collision until the freezeout. In particular, its value is about 10% of the initial magnitude of the magnetic field. In conclusion, our result provides a theoretical basis for the common assumption that the electromagnetic field produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions varies slowly with time.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1995

Program For Displaying Computed Electromagnetic Fields

EM-ANIMATE computer program specialized visualization displays and animates output data on near fields and surface currents computed by electromagnetic-field program - in particular MOM3D (LAR-15074). Program based on windows and contains user-friendly, graphical interface for setting viewing options, selecting cases, manipulating files, and like. Written in FORTRAN 77. EM-ANIMATE also available as part of package, COS-10048, includes MOM3D, IRIS program computing near-field and surface-current solutions of electromagnetic-field equations.

Hom, Kam W.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Growth Stimulation of Biological Cells and Tissue by Electromagnetic Fields and Uses Thereof

The present invention provides systems for growing two or three dimensional mammalian cells within a culture medium facilitated by an electromagnetic field, and preferably, a time varying electromagnetic field. The cells, and culture medium are contained within a fixed or rotating culture vessel, and the electromagnetic field is emitted from at least one electrode. In one embodiment, the electrode is spaced from the vessel. The invention further provides methods to promote neural tissue regeneration by means of culturing the neural cells in the claimed system. In one embodiment, neuronal cells are grown within longitudinally extending tissue strands extending axially along and within electrodes comprising electrically conductive channels or guides through which a time varying electrical current is conducted, the conductive channels being positioned within a culture medium.

Wolf, David A.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Growth stimulation of biological cells and tissue by electromagnetic fields and uses thereof

The present invention provides systems for growing two or three dimensional mammalian cells within a culture medium facilitated by an electromagnetic field, and preferably, a time varying electromagnetic field. The cells and culture medium are contained within a fixed or rotating culture vessel, and the electromagnetic field is emitted from at least one electrode. In one embodiment, the electrode is spaced from the vessel. The invention further provides methods to promote neural tissue regeneration by means of culturing the neural cells in the claimed system. In one embodiment, neuronal cells are grown within longitudinally extending tissue strands extending axially along and within electrodes comprising electrically conductive channels or guides through which a time varying electrical current is conducted, the conductive channels being positioned within a culture medium.

Wolf, David A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Vector solution for the mean electromagnetic fields in a layer of random particles

The mean electromagnetic fields are found in a layer of randomly oriented particles lying over a half space. A matrix-dyadic formulation of Maxwell's equations is employed in conjunction with the Foldy-Lax approximation to obtain equations for the mean fields. A two variable perturbation procedure, valid in the limit of small fractional volume, is then used to derive uncoupled equations for the slowly varying amplitudes of the mean wave. These equations are solved to obtain explicit expressions for the mean electromagnetic fields in the slab region in the general case of arbitrarily oriented particles and arbitrary polarization of the incident radiation. Numerical examples are given for the application to remote sensing of vegetation.

Lang, R. H.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Towards critical and supercritical electromagnetic fields

Abstract The availability of ever stronger, laser-generated electromagnetic fields underpins continuing progress in the study and application of nonlinear phenomena in basic physical systems, ranging from molecules and atoms to relativistic plasmas and quantum electrodynamics. This raises the question: how far will we be able to go with future lasers? One exciting prospect is the attainment of field strengths approaching the Schwinger critical field ${E}_{\mathrm{cr}}$ in the laboratory frame, such that the field invariant ${E}^2-{c}^2{B}^2>{E}_{\mathrm{cr}}^2$ is reached. The feasibility of doing so has been questioned, on the basis that cascade generation of dense electron–positron plasma would inevitably lead to absorption or screening of the incident light. Here we discuss the potential for future lasers to overcome such obstacles, by combining the concept of multiple colliding laser pulses with that of frequency upshifting via a tailored laser–plasma interaction. This compresses the electromagnetic field energy into a region of nanometre size and attosecond duration, which increases the field magnitude at fixed power but also suppresses pair cascades. Our results indicate that laser facilities with peak power of tens of PW could be capable of reaching ${E}_{\mathrm{cr}}$ . Such a scenario opens up prospects for the experimental investigation of phenomena previously considered to occur only in the most extreme environments in the universe.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗