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Results for “electron scattering cross sections”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Threshold photoelectron source for the study of low-energy electron scattering: Total cross section for electron scattering from krypton in the energy range from 14 meV to 20 eV

An experimental technique for the measurement of the total cross section for electron scattering from atoms and molecules at high resolution is described. The total cross sections for electron scattering from Kr in the energy range from 14 meV to 20 eV obtained with the technique are also reported. The present technique employs a combination of the penetrating field technique and the threshold photoionization of rare-gas atoms using synchrotron radiation as an electron source in order to produce a high-resolution electron beam at very low energy. The characteristics of the electron sources were determined by measuring the ionizing photon energy dependence of photoelectron yield. Absolute total cross sections for electron scattering are obtained by the attenuation method. The measured absolute values of the total cross sections for electron scattering from Kr agree with those obtained by other groups down to 175 meV, above which several experimental works have been reported. Below 175 meV, the present results generally agree with theoretical cross sections down to 14 meV. The resonant structures in the total cross sections due to Kr{sup -} (4p{sup 5}5s{sup 2} {sup 2}P{sub 3/2}) and the Kr{sup -} (4p{sup 5}5s{sup 2} {sup 2}P{sub 1/2}) Feshbach resonances are also reported. The resolution of the present setup has been estimated from a fit of the measured profile of the Kr{sup -} (4p{sup 5}5s{sup 2} {sup 2}P{sub 3/2}) resonance by the theoretical curve obtained from the resonant scattering theory.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

On the fine structure of spectra of the inelastic-electron-scattering cross section and the Si surface parameter

Reflection electron-energy loss spectra are obtained for a series of Si samples with different crystallographic orientations, prepared under different technological conditions. Using the experimental spectra, the electron energy loss dependences of the product of the mean inelastic free path and differential inelastic electron scattering cross section are calculated. A new technique is suggested for analyzing the spectra of inelastic electron scattering cross section by simulating experimental spectra with the use of the three-parameter Tougaard universal cross section functions. The results of the simulation are used to determine the nature of loss peaks and to calculate the surface parameter.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Measurements of ultra-low-energy electron scattering cross sections of atoms and molecules

A new experimental technique for the total cross section measurements of ultra-low energy electron collisions with atoms and molecules utilizing the synchrotron radiation is presented. The technique employs a combination of the penetrating field technique and the threshold photoionization of rare gas atoms using the synchrotron radiation as an electron source in order to produce a high resolution electron beam at very low energy. Absolute total cross sections for electron scattering from He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe in the energy region from extremely low electron energy to 20 eV are presented.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

How analytic choices can affect the extraction of electromagnetic form factors from elastic electron scattering cross section data

Scientists often try to incorporate prior knowledge into their regression algorithms, such as a particular analytic behavior or a known value at a kinematic endpoint. Unfortunately, there is often no unique way to make use of this prior knowledge, and thus, different analytic choices can lead to very different regression results from the same set of data. In this paper, to illustrate this point in the context of the proton electromagnetic form factors, we use the Mainz elastic data with its 1422 cross section points and 31 normalization parameters. Starting with a complex unbound non-linear regression, we will show how the addition of a single theory-motivated constraint removes an oscillation from the magnetic form factor and shifts the extracted proton charge radius. We then repeat both regressions using the same algorithm, but with a rebinned version of the Mainz dataset. These examples illustrate how analytic choices, such as the function that is being used or even the binning of the data, can dramatically affect the results of a complex regression. These results also demonstrate why it is critical when using regression algorithms to have either a physical model in mind or a firm mathematical basis

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Cross sections for electron scattering from furan molecules: Measurements and calculations

Electron-scattering cross sections have been determined for the furan (C{sub 4}H{sub 4}O) molecule, both experimentally and theoretically. An absolute total cross section (TCS) has been measured over energies from 0.6 to 400 eV using a linear electron-transmission method. The TCS energy function is dominated with a very broad enhancement, between 1.2 and 9 eV; on the low-energy side, some resonant structures are visible. Integral elastic (ECS) and ionization (ICS) cross sections have been also calculated up to 4 keV in the additivity rule approximation and the binary-encounter-Bethe approach, respectively. Their sum, ECS+ICS, is in a very good agreement with the measured TCS above 70 eV.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Calculation of total and ionization cross sections for electron scattering by primary benzene compounds

The total and ionization cross sections for electron scattering by benzene, halobenzenes, toluene, aniline, and phenol are reported over a wide energy domain. The multi-scattering centre spherical complex optical potential method has been employed to find the total elastic and inelastic cross sections. The total ionization cross section is estimated from total inelastic cross section using the complex scattering potential-ionization contribution method. In the present article, the first theoretical calculations for electron impact total and ionization cross section have been performed for most of the targets having numerous practical applications. A reasonable agreement is obtained compared to existing experimental observations for all the targets reported here, especially for the total cross section.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Integral elastic, electronic-state, ionization, and total cross sections for electron scattering with furfural

We report absolute experimental integral cross sections (ICSs) for electron impact excitation of bands of electronic-states in furfural, for incident electron energies in the range 20–250 eV. Wherever possible, those results are compared to corresponding excitation cross sections in the structurally similar species furan, as previously reported by da Costa et al. [Phys. Rev. A 85, 062706 (2012)] and Regeta and Allan [Phys. Rev. A 91, 012707 (2015)]. Generally, very good agreement is found. In addition, ICSs calculated with our independent atom model (IAM) with screening corrected additivity rule (SCAR) formalism, extended to account for interference (I) terms that arise due to the multi-centre nature of the scattering problem, are also reported. The sum of those ICSs gives the IAM-SCAR+I total cross section for electron–furfural scattering. Where possible, those calculated IAM-SCAR+I ICS results are compared against corresponding results from the present measurements with an acceptable level of accord being obtained. Similarly, but only for the band I and band II excited electronic states, we also present results from our Schwinger multichannel method with pseudopotentials calculations. Those results are found to be in good qualitative accord with the present experimental ICSs. Finally, with a view to assembling a complete cross section data base for furfural, some binary-encounter-Bethe-level total ionization cross sections for this collision system are presented.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Layer-by-Layer Analysis of the Thickness Distribution of Silicon Dioxide in the Structure SiO{sub 2}/Si(111) by Inelastic Electron Scattering Cross-Section Spectroscopy

The SiO{sub 2}-concentration profile in the structure SiO{sub 2}/Si(111) is determined from experimental spectra of the cross section for the inelastic scattering of reflected electrons in the primary electron energy range from 300 to 3000 eV. The spectra are analyzed with the use of a proposed algorithm and developed computer program for simulating the spectra of the cross section for the inelastic scattering of reflected electrons for layered structures with an arbitrary number of layers, arbitrary thickness, and variable concentration of components in each layer. The best agreement between the calculated and experimental spectra is attained by varying the silicon dioxide and silicon concentrations in each layer. The results obtained can be used for profiling film-substrate structures with an arbitrary composition.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Relativistic Few-Body Hadronic Physics Calculations

The goal of this research proposal was to use ``few-body'' methods to understand the structure and reactions of systems of interacting hadrons (neutrons, protons, mesons, quarks) over a broad range of energy scales. Realistic mathematical models of few-hadron systems have the advantage that they are sufficiently simple that they can be solved with mathematically controlled errors. These systems are also simple enough that it is possible to perform complete accurate experimental measurements on these systems. Comparison between theory and experiment puts strong constraints on the structure of the models. Even though these systems are ``simple'', both the experiments and computations push the limits of technology. The important property of ``few-body'' systems is that the ``cluster property'' implies that the interactions that appear in few-body systems are identical to the interactions that appear in complicated many-body systems. Of particular interest are models that correctly describe physics at distance scales that are sensitive to the internal structure of the individual nucleons. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle implies that in order to be sensitive to physics on distance scales that are a fraction of the proton or neutron radius, a relativistic treatment of quantum mechanics is necessary. The research supported by this grant involved 30 years of effort devoted to studying all aspects of interacting two and three-body systems. Realistic interactions were used to compute bound states of two- and three-nucleon, and two- and three-quark systems. Scattering observables for these systems were computed for a broad range of energies - from zero energy scattering to few GeV scattering, where experimental evidence of sub-nucleon degrees of freedom is beginning to appear. Benchmark calculations were produced, which when compared with calculations of other groups provided an essential check on these complicated calculations. In addition to computing bound state properties and scattering cross section, we also computed electron scattering cross sections in few-nucleon and few-quark systems, which are sensitive to the electric currents in these systems. We produced the definitive review on article on relativistic quantum mechanics, which and been used by many groups. In addition we developed and tested many computational techniques are used by other groups. Many of these techniques have applications in other areas of physics. The research benefited by collaborations with physicists from many different institutions and countries. It also involved working with seventeen undergraduate and graduate students.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Resonance effects in elastic cross sections for electron scattering on pyrimidine: Experiment and theory

Here, we measured differential cross sections for elastic (rotationally integrated) electron scattering on pyrimidine, both as a function of angle up to 180° at electron energies of 1, 5, 10, and 20 eV and as a function of electron energy in the range 0.1–14 eV. The experimental results are compared to the results of the fixed-nuclei Schwinger variational and R-matrix theoretical methods, which reproduce satisfactorily the magnitudes and shapes of the experimental cross sections. The emphasis of the present work is on recording detailed excitation functions revealing resonances in the excitation process. Resonant structures are observed at 0.2, 0.7, and 4.35 eV and calculations for different symmetries confirm their assignment as the $\sim\atop{\chi}$ 2 A 2 , $\sim\atop{A}$ 2 B 1 , and $\sim\atop{B}$ 2 B 1 shape resonances. As a consequence of superposition of coherent resonant amplitudes with background scattering the $\sim\atop{B}$ 2 B 1 shape resonance appears as a peak, a dip, or a step function in the cross sections recorded as a function of energy at different scattering angles and this effect is satisfactorily reproduced by theory. The dip and peak contributions at different scattering angles partially compensate, making the resonance nearly invisible in the integral cross section. Vibrationally integrated cross sections were also measured at 1, 5, 10 and 20 eV and the question of whether the fixed-nuclei cross sections should be compared to vibrationally elastic or vibrationally integrated cross section is discussed.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Analysis of approximations used in calculations of radiative corrections to electron-proton scattering cross section

An analysis of approximations used in calculations of radiative corrections to electron-proton scattering cross section is presented. We investigate the difference between the relatively recent Maximon and Tjon result and the Mo and Tsai result, which was used in the analysis of experimental data. We also discuss the proton form factors ratio dependence on the way we take into account radiative corrections.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

The interaction of low-energy electrons with fructose molecules

Using a hypocycloidal electronic spectrometer, the interactions of low energy electrons (0–8.50 eV) with fructose molecules, namely, electron scattering and dissociative attachment, are studied. The results of these studies showed that the fragmentation of fructose molecules occurs effectively even at an electron energy close to zero. In the total electron-scattering cross section by molecules, resonance features (at energies ~3.10 and ~5.00 eV) were first observed near the formation thresholds of light ion fragments OH{sup –} and H{sup –}. The correlation of the features observed in the cross sections of electron scattering and dissociative attachment is analyzed.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Empirical parametrization of the two-photon-exchange effect contributions to the electron-proton elastic scattering cross section

The most recent electron-proton elastic scattering data were re-analyzed using an empirical parametrization of the two-photon-exchange (TPE) effect contributions to {sigma}{sub R}. The TPE effect contribution F(Q{sup 2},{epsilon}) was double Taylor series expanded as a polynomial of order n keeping only terms linear in {epsilon} to account for the experimentally observed and verified linearity of the Rosenbluth plots. We fix the ratio R=G{sub Ep}/G{sub Mp} to be that obtained from a fit to the recoil-polarization data and parametrize {sigma}{sub R} first by a three-parameter formula (fit I) and then by a two-parameter formula (fit III). In contrast to previous analyses, the fit parameter G{sub Mp}{sup 2} as obtained from these fits is either smaller or equal to the values obtained from our conventional Rosenbluth fit (fit II) but never larger. The ratio g(Q{sup 2})/G{sub Mp}{sup 2} which represents the ratio of the TPE and one-photon-exchange (OPE) effect contributions to the intercept of {sigma}{sub R} is large and it ranges 3%-88%. The ratio R{sub 1{gamma}x2{gamma}={tau}}f(Q{sup 2})/G{sub Ep}{sup 2} which represents the ratio of the TPE and OPE effect contributions to the slope of {sigma}{sub R} is also large, reaching a value of 12.0-14.4 at Q{sup 2}= 5.25 (GeV/c){sup 2}. The ratio R{sub 1{gamma}x2{gamma}} as obtained from fits I and III is consistent, within error, with those obtained from previous analyses. Our formulas seem to explain the linearity of {sigma}{sub R}. Moreover, our analysis shows that the extracted G{sub Ep}{sup 2} and G{sub Mp}{sup 2} using the conventional Rosenbluth separation method can in fact be broken into the usual OPE and TPE contributions. Therefore, {sigma}{sub R} can in fact be derived under weaker conditions than those imposed by the Born approximation. Our results show that the TPE amplitudes, g(Q{sup 2})/G{sub Mp}{sup 2} and f(Q{sup 2})/G{sub Mp}{sup 2}, are sizable and grow with Q{sup 2} value up to Q{sup 2}{approx}6 (GeV/c){sup 2} in agreement with previous studies. A revision of and comparison to previous analyses are also presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Renormalization screening and collision-induced quantum interference in dense plasmas

The influence of renormalization screening and collision-induced quantum interference in electron-electron collisions is investigated in partially ionized dense hydrogen plasmas. The effective interaction potential with the total spin-states of the collision system is considered to obtain the differential electron-electron scattering cross section. The results show that the renormalization plasma screening effect suppresses the electron-electron scattering cross section, including the quantum interference effect, especially, except for the forward and backward scattering directions. It is also shown that the renormalization plasma screening effect on the scattering cross section decreases with increasing collision energy. However, the renormalization screening effect is found to be important for the forward directions in the scattering cross section neglecting the quantum interference effect. The variations of the renormalization screening and collision-induced quantum interference effects are also discussed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

First measurement of electron neutrino scattering cross section on argon

We report the first electron neutrino cross section measurements on argon, based on data collected by the ArgoNeuT experiment running in the GeV-scale NuMI beamline at Fermilab. A flux-averaged $\nu_e + \overline{\nu}_e$ total and a lepton angle differential cross section are extracted using 13 $\nu_e$ and $\overline{\nu}_e$ events identified with fully-automated selection and reconstruction. We employ electromagnetic-induced shower characterization and analysis tools developed to identify $\nu_e/\overline{\nu}_e$-like events among complex interaction topologies present in ArgoNeuT data ($\langle E_{\bar{\nu}_e} \rangle = 4.3$ GeV and $\langle E_{\nu_e} \rangle = 10.5$ GeV). The techniques are widely applicable to searches for electron-flavor appearance at short- and long-baseline using liquid argon time projection chamber technology. Notably, the data-driven studies of GeV-scale $\nu_e/\overline{\nu}_e$ interactions presented in this Letter probe an energy regime relevant for future DUNE oscillation physics.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

High-resolution total-cross-section measurements for electron scattering from Ar, Kr, and Xe employing a threshold-photoelectron source

Absolute total cross sections for electron scattering from Ar and Xe at electron energies ranging from 7 meV to 20 eV were obtained with the experimental technique employing the threshold-photoelectron source. The measured total cross sections are in good agreement with those obtained by other groups down to 100 meV, above which several experimental works have been reported. Scattering lengths for electron scattering from Ar, Kr, and Xe were determined from the present total cross sections and our recent results for Kr using the modified effective range theory. The values of the scattering length obtained in the present analysis differ from the values determined from the previous swarm experiments and beam experiments. The resonant structures in the total cross sections due to Feshbach resonances of Ar, Kr, and Xe with an improved energy resolution were also measured. Analyses of the resonant structure were carried out based on the spin-dependent resonant scattering theory in order to determine the values of the natural width of Feshbach resonances of Ar, Kr, and Xe precisely.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗