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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Oneida Tribe Energy Audits

Project funding energy audits of 44 Tribally owned buildings operated by the Oneida Tribe of Indians of WI. Buildings were selected for their size, age, or known energy concerns and total over 1 million square feet. Audits include feasibility studies, lists of energy improvement opportunities, and a strategic energy plan to address cost effective ways to save energy via energy efficiency upgrades over the short and long term.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2016

A National Framework for Energy Audit Ordinances

A handful of U.S. cities have begun to incorporate energy audits into their building energy performance policies. Cities are beginning to recognize an opportunity to use several information tools to bring to real estate markets both motivation to improve efficiency and actionable pointers on how to improve. Care is necessary to combine such tools as operational ratings, energy audits, asset ratings, and building retro-commissioning in an effective policy regime that maximizes market impact. In this paper, the authors focus on energy audits and consider both the needs of the policies' implementers in local governments and the emerging standards and federal tools to improve data collection and practitioner engagement. Over the past two years, we have compared several related data formats such as New York City's existing audit reporting spreadsheet, ASHRAE guidance on building energy auditing, and the DOE Building Energy Asset Score, to identify a possible set of required and optional fields for energy audit reporting programs. Doing so revealed tensions between the ease of data collection and the value of more detailed information, which had implications for the effort and qualifications needed to complete the energy audit. The resulting list of data fields is now feeding back into the regulatory process in several cities currently working on implementing or developing audit policies. Using complementary policies and standardized tools for data transmission, the next generation of policies and programs will be tailored to local building stock and can more effectively target improvement opportunities through each building's life.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

Pascua Yaqui Tribe Energy Audit (Final Report)

The Pascua Yaqui Tribe has the goal of reducing energy use and costs in its government facilities and housing. In a proactive effort to meet the Tribe's needs an energy audit was performed to accomplish the following goals: Develop an energy efficiency implementation strategy. Prepare an energy audit to identify cost-effective energy efficiency opportunities. Plan and conduct a level II energy audit in tribal government buildings and tribal housing. The audit encompassed four tribal government buildings and a group of residential structures. The purpose of this project was to assess the various facilities energy use in order to inform a means to lower annual consumption. An evaluation of each facility's historical energy and major energy-consuming equipment was performed, and energy conservation measures (ECM's) were identified. An average of 4 ECM's where recommended for each facility. If each facility's recommended ECM's are implemented, the average calculated yearly benefits to the government and residential buildings would result in a 48.3% reduction in electrical energy/costs savings and a 14.4% reduction in natural gas energy/costs savings. Recommended projects for implementation include: Interior Lighting Upgrade, Exterior Lighting Upgrade, Solar Pool Covers, Retro-Commissioning, Low Volt Fixtures, Plug Load Management System, Occupancy Sensor Control, and Solar PV for government/casino buildings and appliance, window, HVAC, Weather Stripping, and water heaters replacement in residences.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Multifamily Tool for Energy Audits (MulTEA) Engineering Manual (Version 1)

The Multifamily Tool for Energy Audits (MulTEA) is an energy audit tool designed to provide auditors with an improved energy simulation tool for multifamily buildings and an improved tool for identifying cost-effective energy-efficiency retrofit measures for multifamily buildings. MulTEA is designed specifically to help states and local weatherization agencies implement the Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance Program. MulTEA was developed jointly by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). MulTEA is part of ORNL’s web-based Weatherization Assistant suite of audit tools (https://weatherization.ornl.gov/softwaredescription/). The energy calculation engine including the DOE- 2 simulation model and supplementary calculation modules is shared by MulTEA and LBNL’s Home Energy Saver pro (HESpro) (http://hespro.lbl.gov/pro/). On the ORNL side, the energy calculation engine is coupled with a user interface and output reporting capabilities based on Weatherization Assistance Program regulations and guidelines pertinent to MulTEA. On the LBNL side, the same engine will be used in HESpro to expand it to handle multifamily buildings. MulTEA is designed to address small and large multifamily buildings with decentralized and centralized heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) and domestic hot water (DHW) systems. Version 1 of MulTEA addresses small multifamily buildings with decentralized HVAC systems, and decentralized or centralized DHW systems. The capability to model large buildings and centralized HVAC systems will be incorporated in Version 2.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Demonstration and Validation of a Virtual Energy Audit Tool for DoD Buildings

Electricity consumption has been in the spotlight as part of the battle for sustainability resulting in legislative measures to try and reduce the amount of energy used. EISA 432 and the Energy Act of 2020 are two examples that require federal facilities to investigate buildings and find saving opportunities through energy audits. EDIFES solves this problem by providing fully virtual audits. Only five inputs are needed (15-minute interval electricity consumption, location, square footage, number of stories, and building end use) to produce complete energy audits. The virtual audit is automated, making them inexpensive and the small number of inputs allows a large number of buildings to be entered quickly. During this project, EDIFES performed energy audits on hundreds of buildings to ensure proper functionality and workflow. Over 250 DoD buildings received energy audits that then had their results posted to an interactive dashboard with portfolio rankings. Several validation methods were employed. All confirmed that EDIFES's methods worked as expected and with a high degree of accuracy.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2014

EISA 432 Energy Audits Best Practices: Software Tools

Five whole building analysis software tools that can aid an energy manager with fulfilling energy audit and commissioning/retro-commissioning requirements were selected for review in this best practices study. A description of each software tool is provided as well as a discussion of the user interface and level of expertise required for each tool, a review of how to use the tool for analyzing energy conservation opportunities, the format and content of reports generated by the tool, and a discussion on the applicability of the tool for commissioning.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Scaling Building Energy Audits through Machine Learning Methods on Novel Drone Image Data

Building energy audits are time-consuming and labor-intensive. This paper describes a new method using machine learning (ML) techniques on novel data sources (drone images) to improve the identification of building characteristics and retrofit opportunities, and thereby reduce the effort for audits. The new ML method includes: (1) Building footprint extraction using line extraction, polygonization, and polygon-merging, (2) Building envelope extraction using PIX4d modeling software to reconstruct a building 3D model, (3) Visualization tool for viewing images from the 3D model, (4) Window-to-wall ratio (WWR) using state-of-art deep neural network semantic segmentation, (5) Envelope thermal anomaly detection using an unsupervised machine learning clustering algorithm, and (6) Rooftop energy equipment detection based on an object detection algorithm. The testing of this method involved a comparison of additional ML-generated information overlaid on current ‘state-of-practice’ audit and remote assessment baselines using evaluation metrics: labor time and associated cost, marginal benefits of using ML-generated information in workflows for audits and remote assessments, integration potential with existing processes and tools, and replicability/scalability of the method. In two test buildings in California that had comprehensive drawings and meter data available, the ML method effectively generated a building footprint, envelope, rooftop equipment, WWR, and locations of envelope thermal anomalies. Projected target segments of the ML method are sites with minimal drawings and energy data, and underserved sectors such as multistoried housing, disadvantaged communities, and schools for which the ML method can enable identification of building asset characteristics and prioritization of envelope retrofits and decentralized energy equipment retrofits.

Singh, Reshma↗
DOE OSTI2022

Systems and methods for data analytics for virtual energy audits and value capture assessment of buildings

A system may provide virtual energy audits of one or more target buildings. The system may retrieve weather data and energy usage data specific to a given target building from a weather server and a utility server, respectively. The system may store predefined building characteristics corresponding to the given target building in local memory. Based on the weather data, energy usage data, and/or predefined building characteristics, the system may generate one or more building markers that characterize the energy usage and efficiency of the given target building. Building efficiency diagnostics and energy conservation prognostics may be generated based on the building markers and may be sent by the system to be displayed via a user interface of a client device. The energy conservation prognostics may include one or more energy conservation measure recommendations and corresponding predicted cost/energy savings.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2014

From Energy Audits to Home Performance: 30 Years of Articles in Home Energy Magazine

Home Energy Magazine has been publishing articles about residential energy efficiency for 30 years. Its goal has been to disseminate technically reliable and neutral information to the practitioners, that is, professionals in the business of home energy efficiency. The articles, editorials, letters, and advertisements are a kind of window on the evolution of energy conservation technologies, policies, and organizations. Initially, the focus was on audits and simple retrofits, such as weatherstripping and insulation. Instrumentation was sparse sometimes limited to a ruler to measure depth of attic insulation and a blower door was exotic. CFLs were heavy, awkward bulbs which might, or might not, fit in a fixture. Saving air conditioning energy was not a priority. Solar energy was only for the most adventurous. Thirty years on, the technologies and business have moved beyond just insulating attics to the larger challenge of delivering home performance and achieving zero net energy. This shift reflects the success in reducing space heating energy and the need to create a profitable industry by providing more services. The leading edge of the residential energy services market is becoming much more sophisticated, offering both efficiency and solar systems. The challenge is to continue providing relevant and reliable information in a transformed industry and a revolutionized media landscape.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Analyzing the Multiscale Impacts of Implementing Energy-Efficient HVAC Improvements Through Energy Audits and Economic Input–Output Analysis

Abstract Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are usually an industry’s highest consumer of energy, most of which goes toward space cooling in buildings. Industrial energy-efficiency audits not only benefit manufacturers but also generate significant economic and environmental benefits to localities, states, and the nation. This article analyzes the micro- and macro scale impacts of implementing energy-efficient HVAC systems by integrating the industrial building energy data with the macroeconomic regional economic flow model. Micro-scale data include 10 years of historical energy, cost, and carbon dioxide savings achieved from energy-efficient HVAC implementation offered to manufacturers through industrial energy audits. The data were integrated into the macroeconomic modeling framework to illuminate the cascading regional economic impacts of implementing energy-efficient HVAC recommendations in manufacturing facilities. Results show that if recommendations had been implemented throughout all manufacturers in the region, $656 M energy costs would have been directly saved, 7.8 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions would have been avoided, and 4387 jobs could have been created, resulting in a total annual economic impact of $899 M stemming from direct, indirect, and induced impacts. The results offer insight into how industrial energy systems can be designed and provide models for how communities can accomplish a net-zero society.

Energy & Fuels↗
DOE OSTI2020

Energy Audit of MC-1

The goal of the Muon g-2 project is to measure the muon magnetic anomalous moment to a precision of 140 ppb. This is an unprecedented endeavor that will allow for the comparison of the standard model’s prediction and experimental value of the muon magnetic anomaly. If the difference is statistically significant this could mean there is physics beyond the standard model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Techno-Economic Impact Assessments of Energy Efficiency Improvements in the Industrial Combustion Systems

Industrial energy efficiency assessments not only provide benefits to manufacturers but also generate significant economic and environmental benefits to localities, states, and the nation through indirect and induced benefits. Quantifying these benefits requires a systematic economic framework for capturing these interactions. This article employs methodologies for improving the energy efficiency of small- and medium-sized industry through their combustion systems. Combustion systems offer large opportunities to enhance energy efficiency through adopting advanced technologies and better-informed operations. The case studies presented illuminate the potential savings and impacts from implementing energy-efficient combustion recommendations and the importance of energy audits and energy efficiency in the fight against climate change. This study describes and quantifies the cascading economic and environmental impacts of implementing the industrial energy efficiency recommendations offered by an energy auditing program by participating facilities over a 10-year period. Results showed that it is expected that a total of $185 M would be saved in energy costs, and 2.3 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions would be avoided annually, and about 972 jobs could be created in the studied region if all the combustion recommendations would be implemented. Furthermore, the broader view afforded by the proposed study can be used to support better energy-efficient practices in manufacturing facilities, communities, and states.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Automated pipeline framework for processing of large-scale building energy time series data

Commercial buildings account for one third of the total electricity consumption in the United States and a significant amount of this energy is wasted. Therefore, there is a need for “virtual” energy audits, to identify energy inefficiencies and their associated savings opportunities using methods that can be non-intrusive and automated for application to large populations of buildings. Here we demonstrate virtual energy audits applied to large populations of buildings’ time-series smart-meter data using a systematic approach and a fully automated Building Energy Analytics (BEA) Pipeline that unifies, cleans, stores and analyzes building energy datasets in a non-relational data warehouse for efficient insights and results. This BEA pipeline is based on a custom compute job scheduler for a high performance computing cluster to enable parallel processing of Slurm jobs. Within the analytics pipeline, we introduced a data qualification tool that enhances data quality by fixing common errors, while also detecting abnormalities in a building’s daily operation using hierarchical clustering. We analyze the HVAC scheduling of a population of 816 buildings, using this analytics pipeline, as part of a cross-sectional study. With our approach, this sample of 816 buildings is improved in data quality and is efficiently analyzed in 34 minutes, which is 85 times faster than the time taken by a sequential processing. The analytical results for the HVAC operational hours of these buildings show that among 10 building use types, food sales buildings with 17.75 hours of daily HVAC cooling operation are decent targets for HVAC savings. Overall, this analytics pipeline enables the identification of statistically significant results from population based studies of large numbers of building energy time-series datasets with robust results. These types of BEA studies can explore numerous factors impacting building energy efficiency and virtual building energy audits. This approach enables a new generation of data-driven buildings energy analysis at scale.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Sault Tribe Building Efficiency Audits of Tribally-Owned Governmental Buildings and Residential Tribal Housing

The Tribe is working to reduce energy consumption and expense in Tribally-owned governmental buildings and low income housing sites. In 2009, the Tribe applied to the U. S. Department of Energy for funding to conduct energy audits of Tribally-owned governmental buildings. Findings from the energy audits would define the extent and types of energy efficiency improvements needed, establish a basis for energy priorities, strategies and action plans, and provide a benchmark for measuring improvements from energy efficiency implementations. In 2010, the DOE awarded a grant in the amount of $95,238 to the Tribe to fund the energy audits of nine governmental buildings and to pay for travel expenses associated with attendance and participation at the DOE annual program reviews. In 2011, the Tribe applied for and was awarded a DOE grant in the amount of $75,509 to conduct energy audits of the remaining 30 Tribally-owned governmental buildings. Repeating mobilization steps performed during the first DOE energy audits grant, the Tribe initiated the second round of governmental building energy audits by completing energy auditor procurement. The selected energy auditor successfully passed DOE debarment and Sault Tribe background clearances. The energy audits contract was awarded to U. P. Engineers and Architects, Inc. of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. The Tribe continued mobilizing for the energy audits by providing the energy auditor with one year of electric, gas and water utility invoice copies per building, as well as supplemental building information, such as operating hours. The Tribe also contacted building occupants to coordinate scheduling for the on-site energy audit inspections and arranged for facilities management personnel to guide the energy auditor through the buildings and answer questions regarding building systems.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

Aniak Energy Action Plan

In 2017, the Native Village of Aniak received a grant for the Aniak Energy Efficiency Project from the United States Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy policy and programs. The objective of the project was to reduce and stabilize energy costs in tribal buildings by setting energy efficiency improvement goals to provide direction for a future retrofit project. This final report begins with information about the community of Aniak and the project procedure. Chapters follow on each component of the project. The project team began by recording information about the seven project buildings as well as the Aniak Traditional Council’s goals for each building. Tribal staff also gathered baseline data on each building, including their energy use and general condition. An energy professional surveyed each building, prepared an energy model using AkWarm-C energy modeling software to determine energy-saving retrofits, and completed energy audits, summarized within this report. Each energy audit lists energy efficiency measures and energy conservation measures to pursue to improve the building and decrease its energy use. This report also contains three resources to help with the next steps in an energy retrofit project: a data monitoring plan to track the building condition and energy use through a retrofit project, a maintenance plan to facilitate energy conservation, and a list of funding and training opportunities that could provide resources for a retrofit or training for maintenance staff. Finally, readers can find materials from the outreach component of the project which demonstrated sustainable practices to the community. This Energy Action Plan marks the conclusion of the Aniak Energy Efficiency Project, but is meant to lead to the next step towards safe, comfortable, and energy efficient tribal buildings that will continue to benefit the community of Aniak for many years to come.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Kwigillingok Energy Action Plan

In 2017, the Native Village of Kwigillingok received a grant for the Kwigillingok Energy Efficiency Project from the United States Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy. The objective of the project was to reduce and stabilize energy costs in tribal buildings by setting energy efficiency improvement goals to provide direction for a future retrofit project. This final report begins with information about the community of Kwigillingok and the project procedure. Chapters follow on each component of the project. The project team began by recording information about the six project buildings as well as the I.R.A. Council’s goal for each building. Tribal staff also gathered baseline data on each building, including their energy use and general condition. An energy professional surveyed each building, prepared an energy model using AkWarm-C energy modeling software to determine energy-saving retrofits, and completed energy audits, summarized within this report. Each energy audit lists energy efficiency measures and energy conservation measures to pursue to improve the building and decrease its energy use. This report also contains three resources to help with the next steps in an energy retrofit project: a data monitoring plan to track the building condition and energy use through a retrofit project, a maintenance plan to facilitate energy conservation, and a list of funding and training opportunities that could provide resources for a retrofit or training for maintenance staff. Finally, readers can find materials from the outreach component of the project, which demonstrated sustainable practices to the community. This Energy Action Plan marks the conclusion of the Kwigillingok Energy Efficiency Project but is meant to lead to the next step towards safe, comfortable, and energy efficient tribal buildings that will continue to benefit the community of Kwigillingok for many years to come.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗