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Results for “gas compression”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1977

Gas compression apparatus

Apparatus for transferring gas from a first container to a second container of higher pressure was devised. A free-piston compressor having a driving piston and cylinder, and a smaller diameter driven piston and cylinder, comprise the apparatus. A rod member connecting the driving and driven pistons functions for mutual reciprocation in the respective cylinders. A conduit may be provided for supplying gas to the driven cylinder from the first container. Also provided is apparatus for introducing gas to the driving piston, to compress gas by the driven piston for transfer to the second higher pressure container. The system is useful in transferring spacecraft cabin oxygen into higher pressure containers for use in extravehicular activities.

Terp, L. S.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Recovery of Natural Gas Equipment Emissions into Gas Compression Engines for the Reduction of Potential Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Since the turn of the millennium, the United States (U.S.) oil and natural gas (ONG) industry has nearly doubled its natural gas production rate. As a result, the ONG industry has recently come under increasing scrutiny for its contributions to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Consequently, various solutions to this problem have been proposed and formulated to reduce the impacts of GHG emissions on the environment. West Virginia University (WVU) have found it important to research the impacts of recovering vented gas streams into prime-mover engines. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) have granted WVU funding to research and develop a “Methane Mitigator” (M2) - a “Scalable Vent Mitigation Strategy to Simultaneously Reduce Methane Emissions and Fuel Consumption from the Compression Industry.” One of the main areas of interest for this research was the collection of emissions from natural gas equipment into a Caterpillar G3508J natural gas compression engine. The parameters being analyzed from the engine were brake-specific emissions and power output. The emissions sources considered for this research were pneumatic controllers (PCs), reciprocating compressor vents, and the engine’s open crankcase breather. The compressor vent and PC emissions were simulated using a mass flow controller (MFC) and flowed into the engine using two separate methods: (1) directly into the air intake, and (2) through a retrofitted closed crankcase ventilation system (CCV), serving as a buffer volume. The crankcase emissions were quantified without the CCV, and the impact on exhaust emissions from circulating the crankcase gases into the intake was measured. The simulated compressor vent and PC flows from the MFC had limited effect on the steady state operation of the engine and resulting performance. When the simulated flows were fed directly into the engine’s air intake, the changes within the engine’s continuous performance and emission parameters were larger but lasted for shorter durations. Conversely, when the simulated flows were fed into the CCV before entering the air intake, the changes in the engine’s performance and emission parameters were less pronounced for continuous analysis but lasted for longer durations. In either case, the continuous emission changes in both emissions and performance varied in size depending on the test scenario being run, but the cycle average changes in emissions and performance showed little impact overall compared to the engine’s baseline operation. As a result, the inclusion of a CCV shows a decrease in baseline carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq.) engine emissions (from combined exhaust and open crankcase) of almost 4%. Likewise, the CCV inclusion reduced baseline total methane (CH4) from combined exhaust and open crankcase by upwards of 16%. These atmospheric emissions only decreased further with the inclusions of collected PC and compressor vent flows. The resulting changes in time-averaged rated exhaust behavior (or lack thereof) prove that the proposed M2 system could likely be deployed at sites with modern lean-burn natural gas engines as a viable option for reducing and eliminating potential GHG sources that would have otherwise been unutilized as energy sources.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
NASA NTRS1985

Explosive decomposition of hydrazine due to rapid gas compression

Results from tests which attempt to determine conditions which cause explosive decomposition of hydrazine from rapid gas compression are described. Hydrazine was initiated by pressure in combination with shock waves from the pressurant gas. A new test method was developed at the White Sands Test Facility which subjects a gas bubble in contact with liquid hydrazine to pure adiabatic compression. Results from this new test method are compared to those from the U-tube method.

Briles, O.↗
NASA NTRS1969

Compressed Gas Handbook

High pressure compressible flow systems in space vehicle ground support equipment

Cota, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1947

Application of the Analogy Between Water Flow with a Free Surface and Two-dimensional Compressible Gas Flow

The theory of hydraulic analogy, that is, the analogy between water flow with a free surface and two-dimensional compressible gas flow and the limitations and conditions of the analogy are discussed. A test run was made using the hydraulic analogy as applied to the flow about circular cylinders at various diameters at subsonic velocities extending to the super critical range. The apparatus and techniques used in this application are described and criticized. Reasonably satisfactory agreement of pressure distributions and flow fields existed between water and airflow about corresponding bodies. This agreement indicated the possibility of extending experimental compressibility research by new methods.

Orlin, W James↗
NASA NTRS1947

Application of the Analogy Between Water Flow with a Free Surface and Two-Dimensional Compressible Gas Flow

The theory of the hydraulic analogy -- that is, the analogy between water flow with a free surface and two-dimensional compressible gas flow -- and the limitations and conditions of the analogy are discussed. A test was run using the hydraulic analogy as applied to the flow about circular cylinders of various diameters at subsonic velocities extending into the supercritical range. The apparatus and techniques used in this application are described and criticized. Reasonably satisfactory agreement of pressure distributions and flow fields existed between water and air flow about corresponding bodies. This agreement indicated the possibility of extending experimental compressibility research by new methods.

Orlin, W James↗
NASA NTRS1942

Heat Transfer in the Turbulent Boundary Layer of a Compressible Gas at High Speeds

The Reynolds law of heat transfer from a wall to a turbulent stream is extended to the case of flow of a compressible gas at high speeds. The analysis is based on the modern theory of the turbulent boundary layer with laminar sublayer. The investigation is carried out for the case of a plate situated in a parallel stream. The results are obtained independently of the velocity distribution in the turbulent boundar layer.

Frankl, F.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Computing interface motion in compressible gas dynamics

An analysis is conducted of the coupling of Osher and Sethian's (1988) 'Hamilton-Jacobi' level set formulation of the equations of motion for propagating interfaces to a system of conservation laws for compressible gas dynamics, giving attention to both the conservative and nonconservative differencing of the level set function. The capabilities of the method are illustrated in view of the results of numerical convergence studies of the compressible Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities for air-air and air-helium boundaries.

Mulder, W.↗
NASA NTRS1951

Sideslip in a viscous compressible gas

By an analysis of the Navier-Stokes equations it is shown that the aerodynamic coefficients of an infinite rectangular swept wing in an isothermal or adiabatic flow of a compressible gas can be determined from the aerodynamic coefficients of the unswept wing. When the flow is neither isothermal nor adiabatic, a three-dimensional boundary layer theory is developed and applied to the special case of a swept flat plate.

THEORIES - WINGS, SWEEPBACK & SWEEPFORWARD↗
NASA NTRS2007

Nonstandard Analysis and Shock Wave Jump Conditions in a One-Dimensional Compressible Gas

Nonstandard analysis is a relatively new area of mathematics in which infinitesimal numbers can be defined and manipulated rigorously like real numbers. This report presents a fairly comprehensive tutorial on nonstandard analysis for physicists and engineers with many examples applicable to generalized functions. To demonstrate the power of the subject, the problem of shock wave jump conditions is studied for a one-dimensional compressible gas. It is assumed that the shock thickness occurs on an infinitesimal interval and the jump functions in the thermodynamic and fluid dynamic parameters occur smoothly across this interval. To use conservations laws, smooth pre-distributions of the Dirac delta measure are applied whose supports are contained within the shock thickness. Furthermore, smooth pre-distributions of the Heaviside function are applied which vary from zero to one across the shock wave. It is shown that if the equations of motion are expressed in nonconservative form then the relationships between the jump functions for the flow parameters may be found unambiguously. The analysis yields the classical Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions for an inviscid shock wave. Moreover, non-monotonic entropy jump conditions are obtained for both inviscid and viscous flows. The report shows that products of generalized functions may be defined consistently using nonstandard analysis; however, physically meaningful products of generalized functions must be determined from the physics of the problem and not the mathematical form of the governing equations.

Baty, Roy S.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Melt-Spun PAN Precursor for Cost-Effective Carbon Fibers in High Pressure Compressed Gas Tankage

The objective of this program was to synthesize melt-spinnable polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor that will lead to carbon fiber 25% less expensive than carbon fiber produced from conventional PAN precursor when produced in large volumes. The carbon fiber produced from this precursor needs to achieve ≥ 700 ksi tensile strength with this cost reduction to replace the incumbent fiber. In this program, the technology for producing precursor and then converted carbon fiber (CF) capable of meeting the 700 ksi target was to be demonstrated at a small scale in tows, containing ≥ 100 filaments. If this program moved on to a “Phase 2”, the processes would be scaled up to produce and test Type IV compressed gas storage tanks capable of meeting the 700-bar ultimate targeted FOA performance level. Precursor fiber production typically contributes a large fraction (~50%) to finished CF manufactured cost. Presently, all high strength CFs are manufactured from solution spun PAN precursor, accomplished at low temperatures using large amounts of environmentally unfriendly solvents that impart major impact to line speed and costs involved with handling and reclaiming the solvents and associated “waste streams” required in spinning and extracting those solvents. PAN melt spinning was demonstrated by the company BASF in CF precursor production and used in production of some other acrylic fibers, but significant production challenges remain for meeting the established CF metrics. Melt spinning requires use of plasticizers to suppress the melt temperature of the predominantly PAN formulation to a point sufficiently below the temperature of significant cross-linking. Fortunately, BASF and this team’s earlier work had demonstrated acrylic formulations melt spun with combinations of plasticizing solvents at much lower solvent levels. This project team made significant progress in understanding technical issues and identifying formulation pathways in earlier work in this area where >250ksi strength was achieved. The goal of this program was to pursue a more comprehensive approach with a larger, more diverse team having greater equipment design and overall production capabilities to push rapidly beyond the science to resolve remaining “engineering” issues associated with establishing stable, continuous processes for precursor fiber leading to enhanced, cost-effective CF and composite tank production.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Cyber Physical Protection for Natural Gas Compression

The secure transport of natural gas through North American pipelines is vital for both home and industrial purposes. GE in collaboration with Baker Hughes and Idaho National Laboratory, completed a US Department of Energy grant program to develop a new cyber-physical protection system that monitors the large compressor stations used to boost pressure and maintain proper gas flow. Algorithms were developed to detect the presence of a cyber-attack that impacts the compressor station physical processes, locate the critical functions being manipulated, and potentially neutralize the attack allowing continued operations. The technology was successfully demonstrated at an operating compressor facility located in New York state.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
NASA NTRS1951

Behavior of fast moving flow of compressible gas in cylindrical pipe in presence of cooling

For compressible flow with friction in a cylindrical pipe the momentum, continuity, and heat-transfer equations are examined to determine whether an increase in Mach number ("thermal" Laval nozzle) is obtainable through heat conduction from the gas through the pipe walls. The analysis is based on the assumption that the wall temperature is negligibly small in comparison with the stagnation temperature of the gas. The analysis leads to a negative result. When the gas cooling is increased by also considering radiation to the wall, a limited region at high temperatures is obtained where Mach number increases were theoretically possible. Obtaining this condition practically is considered impossible.

FLOW, SUPERSONIC↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A New Approach for a Wider Class of Entropy Split Methods for Compressible Gas Dynamics and MHD

The high order entropy split methods of Sjögreen & Yee [1, 2] by entropy splitting of the compressible Euler (inviscid) flux derivatives for a thermally-perfect gas are based on Harten’s entropy function [3, 4, 5]. Their derivation takes advantage of the homogeneity property of Euler flux, symmetrizable Euler flux derivatives and energy-norm stability in conjunction with high order classical spatial central, DRP (dispersion relation-preserving) [6, 7, 8] or Padé (compact) spatial discretizations [9] with summation-by-parts (SBP) operators [10]. Our entropy split methods have been proven entropy conserving and stable [1, 11, 12]. Our proofs do not rely on a two-point numerical flux, but rather only a linear difference operator is required to derive these methods. To extend the entropy split method for the MHD, we used the Godunov symmetrizable non-conservative MHD form [12, 13, 14]. These high order entropy split methods not only preserve certain physical properties of the chosen governing equations but are also known to either improve numerical stability, and/or minimize aliasing errors in long time integration of turbulent flow computations without the aid of added numerical dissipation. In our previous published work, extensive error norm comparison with grid refinement was performed to show the high accuracy performance of these methods. These studies also showed how well the entropy split methods conserve the entropy, momentum and mass, and preserve the kinetic energy for long time integration of the various flows [1, 2, 12, 13, 14]. The objective of the present work is to use a new approach to obtain a wider class of entropy split methods consisting of a two-point numerical flux portion and a non-conservative portion in such a way that the homogeneity property of the compressible Euler flux is not required. For high order classical spatial central, DRP (dispersion relation-preserving) or Padé (compact) spatial discretizations, this new approach can be proven to be entropy conservative with conservative spatial dsicretizations while at the same time allowing a wider class of symmetrizable inviscid flux derivatives. We also use this generalization to derive an entropy split scheme that is entropy conserving for the equations of MHD without the homogeneity property using the Godunov symmetrizable ideal MHD formulation [15].

High Order Physical Preserving Methods↗
NASA NTRS1971

Compressed gas handbook

Handbook includes thermodynamic and related fluid flow data required to analyze high pressure compressible and incompressible fluid systems. Some theory and applications include thermodynamic fundamentals, gas behavior, adiabatic and isentropic flow, shock waves, flow measurement, and adiabatic and isothermal friction flow in pipes.

Cota, R. A.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Compressed Gas Energy Storage Integrated with Combined Heat and Power Plant

A new energy storage technology, Comrpessed Gas Energy Storage (CGES), seeks to achieve low-cost, long-duration eenrgy storage by combining mature commercially-available technology (compressors, high-pressure gas storage, expander generators) and utilizing existing infrastructure for transportation and distribution of industrial gases. CGES utilizes existing compressors to transform electricity into potential energy (pressure), existing pipelines or underground storage to store said potential energy, and adds new expander generators at pressure reduction points in the networkm to recover part of the energy used in compression and transform it into electricity. By adapting itself to widely available existing infrastructure, CGES recovers energy that is otherwise wasted in the gas value chain, reduces the cost of new facilities, and avoids many of the development huddles typically associated with other long-duration energy storage technologies (e.g., Compressed Air Energy Storage, CAES). This paper discusses the performance and economics associated with CGES as a standalone project and in combination with a thermal power plant, based on a concept for integration of the technology over an existing lateral pipeline transporting natural gas to an 85 MW combined heat and power plant that feeds power to a grid with increasing share of renewable power generation.

03 NATURAL GAS↗