Compaction and Morphology of Lost Circulation Materials
Lost circulation material (LCM) selection is critical to effectively and efficiently treating wellbore fluid losses in geothermal drilling where costs of treatment can be as much as 30% of the total drilling cost. We conducted several uniaxial compaction experiments on 10 different materials and several material mixtures to identify critical mechanical parameters of each. Materials degraded at 200°C were also investigated to understand how elevated temperatures in geothermal wells would degrade their compaction behavior. Granular materials tended to have lower compressibility and higher compression resistance, while more elongated and softer materials had less mechanical stiffness. Mixing materials tended to moderate the mechanical behaviors while heating universally increased the compaction of materials. Microscopy showed that particle strength tended to correlate positively with roundness and circularity and negatively with elongation of a material. Convexity of the degraded and undegraded materials showed heating may have increased the convexity or roughness of the individual particles. In conclusion, we concluded that granular materials are likely to provide the best seals in wells but that a mixture of size distribution, mechanical rigidity, and elongation is more likely to form a better seal for geothermal wells.