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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2020

Contractors Road Heavy Equipment Area (SWMU055) Hot Spot 1 Bioremediation Interim Measure Performance Monitoring And Site-Wide Interim Groundwater Monitoring Report

This document presents a summary of activities completed from January through December 2019 at the Contractors Road Heavy Equipment (CRHE) area, located at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The activities summarized include: 1) Annual Hot Spot 1 (HS1) eastern bioremediation interim measure (IM) performance monitoring (December 2019); 2) Annual HS1 western bioremediation IM performance monitoring (December 2019); 3) Annual Interim Groundwater Monitoring (IGM) activities (December 2019); 4) Sub-slab soil gas (SSSG) sampling to investigate potential vapor intrusion (VI) (June 2019). Bioremediation IM activities were implemented in two phases at the CRHE. The first event was implemented in November and December 2016 in the eastern portion of HS1. In April and May 2018, bioremediation IM was implemented in the western portion of HS1. The bioremediation IM targeted chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) concentrations greater than 10 times their Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) Natural Attenuation Default Criteria (NADC). Bioremediation IM activities included the injection of a diluted solution of SRS®-SD (electron donor) and microbial culture (KB-1®) into the subsurface via direct push technology (DPT) injection down to 50 feet below land surface (ft bls).

Andrew Scott Starr↗
DOE OSTI2025

A systematic review of machine learning in groundwater monitoring

With increasing concerns about water scarcity, groundwater has become crucial since this resource provides most of the freshwater needs. However, various human and natural activities often contaminate the groundwater, making it unsuitable for use. Over the years, scientists and engineers have used many methods to predict and track groundwater contamination as part of environmental monitoring. Consequently, there is an urgent need for improved methods, particularly in the face of increasing contamination. Machine learning has sometimes been used to monitor groundwater, air quality, and climate. Traditional methods must be improved due to the complexity and large amount of environmental data. This includes using hybrid models that combine traditional and new techniques. Despite the use of machine learning in many scientific areas, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing on its use in environmental monitoring, especially groundwater monitoring. We aim to fill this gap by exploring machine-learning applications in groundwater monitoring. We discuss relevant methods, their limitations, and future potential. We summarize research on automating data processing and model training using groundwater sensor data. Our research underscores the transformative potential of machine learning to revolutionize long-term groundwater monitoring and contamination detection, providing valuable insights for future research and practical applications.

AI/ML↗
NASA NTRS2023

General Services Administration Reclamation Yard Solid Waste Management Unit 010: 2022 Groundwater Monitoring Report Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This report presents a summary of the groundwater monitoring activities that occurred in September and October 2022 at General Services Administration Reclamation Yard, Solid Waste Management Unit 010, located at the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The site is monitored under KSC’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Program. This approach also meets the requirements of Chapter 62-780, Florida Administrative Code. For the purposes of this report, two separate plumes, known as the Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)/Volatile Organic Aromatic (VOA) Plume and the Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Plume, were identified for this site. The contaminants of concern (COCs) for the PCB/VOA Plume consist of PCBs, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and breakdown products of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The COCs for the Chlorinated VOC Plume were tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride. Groundwater monitoring for VOCs in the Chlorinated VOC Plume area was discontinued following the December 2021 annual monitoring event. Annual groundwater monitoring for underground injection control (UIC) parameters continues for both the PCB/VOA Plume and the Chlorinated VOC Plume areas. The activities presented in this report include one field event: September and October 2022, which includes sitewide semi-annual water level measurements of 55 monitoring wells, redevelopment of all monitoring wells listed in the sampling plan, and groundwater sampling of 28 monitoring wells. The sampling and analysis demonstrated that the PCB/VOA plume is not expanding and is significantly reduced compared to before a 2018 source removal interim measure. Recommendations are made for the 2023 groundwater monitoring program.

groundwater↗
NASA NTRS2023

Hydrocarbon Burn Facility SWMU 007 Interim Groundwater Monitoring Report Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This Interim Groundwater Monitoring (IGWM) Report presents the findings of IGWM activities completed in November 2022, and March through May 2023 including results from existing and newly installed groundwater monitoring wells and direct push technology (DPT) groundwater sampling in the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Area of the Hydrocarbon Burn Facility (HBF) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. HBF has been designated as Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 007 under the KSC Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Program.

Jennifer Buel↗
NASA NTRS2022

General Services Administration Reclamation Yard, SWMU 010, 2021 Groundwater Monitoring Report

This report presents a summary of the groundwater monitoring activities that occurred in November and December 2021 at General Services Administration Reclamation Yard, Solid Waste Management Unit 010, located at the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The site is monitored under KSC’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Program. This approach also meets the requirements of Chapter 62-780, Florida Administrative Code. For the purposes of this report, two separate plumes, known as the Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)/Volatile Organic Aromatic (VOA) Plume and the Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Plume, were identified for this site. The contaminants of concern (COCs) for the PCB/VOA Plume consists of PCBs, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and breakdown products of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The COCs for the Chlorinated VOC Plume are tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride. The activities presented in this report include two field events: (1) November 2021 – PCB/VOA Plume groundwater sampling via Direct Push Technology – 70 groundwater samples were collected from 10 locations at varying intervals; and (2) December 2021 – Site-wide semi-annual water level measurements of 54 monitoring wells, redevelopment of 5 monitoring wells, and sampling of 35 monitoring wells. Results for the PCB/VOA plume demonstrated COCs have not rebounded since the 2018 source removal, with groundwater cleanup target levels (GCTLs) exceeded in the 10-30 ft. below ground surface interval only. In the Chlorinated VOC plume area, there were no detections of COCs above a GCTL for at least the second consecutive sampling event for the sampled wells. Cleanup objectives have been met, and it is recommended that VOC monitoring be discontinued. Underground injection control parameters will continue to be monitored in three wells until those analytes return to background concentrations.

GSA Reclamation Yard↗
NASA NTRS2021

General Services Administration Reclamation Yard (SWMU 010) 2020-2021 Groundwater Monitoring Report

This report presents a summary of the groundwater monitoring activities that occurred from October 2020 through June 2021 at General Services Administration Reclamation Yard, Solid Waste Management Unit 010, located at the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. For the purposes of this report, two separate plumes, known as the Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)/Volatile Organic Aromatic (VOA) Plume and the Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Plume were identified for this site. The contaminants of concern (COCs) for the PCB/VOA Plume consists of PCBs, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and breakdown products of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The COCs for the Chlorinated VOC Plume are tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride. The activities presented in this report include four field events: (1) October 2020 – Chlorinated VOC Plume groundwater sampling via Direct Push Technology (DPT) – 68 groundwater samples were collected from 14 locations at varying intervals; (2) December 2020 – Site-wide semi-annual water level measurements of 52 monitoring wells and sampling of 39 monitoring wells; (3) May 2021 – Chlorinated VOC Plume monitoring well installation – two monitoring wells were installed and screened from 10 to 20 feet below land surface (bls); and (4) May/June 2021 – Site-wide semi-annual water level measurements of 53 monitoring wells and sampling of 40 monitoring wells. Results showed substantial reduction of both plumes. Conclusions and recommendations are presented.

VOC↗
NASA NTRS2020

Hydrocarbon Burn Facility SWMU 007 Interim Groundwater Monitoring Report Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This Interim Groundwater Monitoring (IGWM) Report presents the findings of IGWM completed in September 2019 for the Northern Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Area of the Hydrocarbon Burn Facility (HBF) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The IGWM was implemented for the Northern VOC Area to provide additional data, to be evaluated along with previous long-term monitoring data, to determine future IGWM options and to evaluate the efficacy of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a passive remedial measure in comparison to active remedies for the Northern VOC Area. The primary contaminants of concern in the Northern VOC Area are trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and benzene.

groundwater↗
NASA NTRS2020

Components Cleaning Facility, SWMU 30 Interim Groundwater Monitoring Report Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This Interim Groundwater Monitoring (IGWM) Report (IGWMR) presents the findings of IGWM completed in June and December 2019 at the eastern portion of the Components Cleaning Facility (CCF East) site located at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The site has been designated Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 030 under KSC’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Program.

Patrice L Lehocky↗
NASA NTRS2021

Hydrocarbon Burn Facility SWMU 007 Interim Groundwater Monitoring Report Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This Interim Groundwater Monitoring (IGWM) Report presents the findings of IGWM activities completed in November/December 2020 for the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Area of the Hydrocarbon Burn Facility (HBF) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. HBF has been designated as Solid Waste Management Unit 007 under the KSC Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Program.

Jennifer Buel↗
NASA NTRS2021

Fluid Servicing Road Area SWMUs 037 and 102 Interim Groundwater Monitoring Report Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This Interim Groundwater Monitoring (IGWM) Report presents the findings of the IGWM activities conducted during the 2021 reporting period at the Fluid Servicing Road Area (FSRA) of Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The IGWM program was implemented at sites where active remediation was not occurring to monitor and track plume footprints and concentrations. FSRA is located east of the Vehicle Assembly Building and includes Components Cleaning Facility (CCF) also known as Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 030; Converter Compressor Building (CCB) also known as SWMU 089; Area South of K7-516 (516S) also known as SWMU 100; Propellants Support Building Area (PSBA) also known as SWMU 102; and Former Drum Storage Area (FDSA) also known as SWMU 037.

Carol Cady↗
NASA NTRS2022

Hydrocarbon Burn Facility SWMU 007 Interim Groundwater Monitoring Report Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This Interim Groundwater Monitoring (IGWM) Report presents the findings of IGWM activities completed in November 2021 along with an October 2021 direct push technology (DPT) investigation to confirm plume stability for the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Area of the Hydrocarbon Burn Facility (HBF) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. HBF has been designated as Solid Waste Management Unit 007 under the KSC Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Program.

Jennifer Buel↗
NASA NTRS2024

Interim Groundwater Monitoring Report, Revision 0, Fluid Servicing Road Area, Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU)s 037 and 102, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This Interim Groundwater Monitoring (IGWM) Report presents the findings from the IGWM events, completed between December 2022 and June 2023, at the Fluid Servicing Road Area (FSRA), Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. KSC is located on the northern portion of Merritt Island, between the Indian and Banana Rivers in Brevard County, Florida. The IGWM program is implemented at sites where active remediation is not occurring. The IGWM events at the Propellants Support Building Area (PSBA; Solid Waste Management Unit [SWMU] 102) included the collection of eight groundwater monitoring well samples and 107 direct-push technology (DPT) samples. The DPT samples were collected for the Five-Year supplemental plume monitoring event. Additionally, 27 wells were sampled as part of the December 2022 IGWM event at the Former Drum Storage Area (FDSA), SWMU 037. This IGWM Report was prepared by HydroGeoLogic, Inc. (HGL) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Task Order 4 of Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity Contract 80KSC019D0012/80KSC019F0090.

FDSA↗
NASA NTRS2012

Application of GRACE for Monitoring Groundwater in Data Scarce Regions

In the United States, groundwater storage is somewhat well monitored (spatial and temporal data gaps notwithstanding) and abundant data are freely and easily accessible. Outside of the U.S., groundwater often is not monitored systematically and where it is the data are rarely centralized and made available. Since 2002 the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission has delivered gravity field observations which have been used to infer variations in total terrestrial water storage, including groundwater, at regional to continental scales. Challenges to using GRACE for groundwater monitoring include its relatively coarse spatial and temporal resolutions, its inability to differentiate groundwater from other types of water on and under the land surface, and typical 2-3 month data latency. Data assimilation can be used to overcome these challenges, but uncertainty in the results remains and is difficult to quantify without independent observations. Nevertheless, the results are preferable to the alternative - no data at all- and GRACE has already revealed groundwater variability and trends in regions where only anecdotal evidence existed previously.

Rodell, Matt↗
DOE OSTI2024

Automated Framework for Groundwater Monitoring Using DWT with LSTM and Transformers

Environmental monitoring is critical for safeguarding public health and ecological well-being. Traditional data structuring and workflow monitoring methods consume significant time and effort, hindering timely insights and effective decision-making. Our study addresses this challenge by presenting an AI framework that automates data cleaning, structuring, and modeling processes, specifically targeting applications in groundwater monitoring. By leveraging automation for data processing and model training, our framework establishes a novel and efficient paradigm for environmental monitoring, with its potential application to the vast network of over a hundred Department of Energy Environmental Management (DoE-EM) cleanup sites across the country. It analyzes data streams from a network of groundwater Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensors deployed at the Savannah River Site (SRS) for prediction modeling. This allows human experts to focus on analysis and decision-making, ultimately leading to better environmental outcomes.The framework employs multivariate time-series forecasting methods to study and model the behavior of varying chemical analytes. The continuous learning process is enabled by utilizing deep learning techniques. It allows the framework to become more nuanced in its analysis over time, adapting to the specific characteristics of the environmental site and the evolving nature of contaminant behavior. Deep learning models known for sequence modeling, LSTM, and Transformers are employed for time series forecasting. Data processing and structuring are essential components significantly impacting the final model's performance. This hypothesis was proven by presenting a comparative analysis of model performance with processed and unprocessed data. The feature engineering approach utilized was the Discrete Wavelet Transform, which works well with time series data.

Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)↗
DOE OSTI2023

2020 Postclosure Groundwater Monitoring and Inspection Report, Central Nevada Test Area, Subsurface Corrective Action Unit 443

This report presents the groundwater monitoring data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management (LM) from the Central Nevada Test Area (CNTA), Nevada, Site, Subsurface Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 443 in Nye County, Nevada (Figure 1). The CNTA is the site of an underground nuclear test in 1968 that resulted in residual contamination near the detonation depth of 3200 feet (ft); the contamination requires long-term monitoring. Responsibility for the environmental restoration and long-term monitoring was transferred from DOE’s National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Field Office, to LM on October 1, 2006. The environmental restoration and site closure process were completed in 2015 in accordance with the amended 1996 Nevada Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO) (State of Nevada et al. 1996, as amended) and all applicable Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) policies and regulations. The Closure Report, Central Nevada Test Area, Subsurface Corrective Action, Unit 443 (DOE 2018), also called the Closure Report, originally was completed in January 2016 and revised in October 2018; it describes LM’s plan for long-term postclosure monitoring. This includes monitoring of the radioisotopes of interest and water elevations, inspecting the site and maintaining the institutional controls (ICs), evaluating and reporting data, and documenting the site’s records and data management processes (DOE 2018).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2023

Large-Scale Groundwater Monitoring in Brazil Assisted With Satellite-Based Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Here, we develop and test an artificial intelligence (AI)-based approach to monitor major Brazilian aquifers. The approach combines Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data and ground-based hydrogeological measurements from Brazil’s Integrated Groundwater Monitoring Network at hundreds of wells distributed in twelve aquifers across the country. We tested model ensembles based on three AI approaches: Extreme Gradient Boost, Light Gradient Boosting Model and CatBoost, followed by a Linear Regression (LR) step. The approach is further boosted with wavelet and seasonal decomposition processes applied to GRACE data. To determine the AI-based model’s sensitivity to data availability, we propose four experiments combining hydrogeological measurements from different aquifers. Groundwater storage estimates from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) are used as benchmark. A sensitivity analysis shows that the LR-based model ensemble is the best suited and to reproduce groundwater storage change in all studied Brazilian aquifers. Results show that the proposed approach outperforms GLDAS in all experiments, with an RMSE value of 2.68cm for the experiment that covers all monitored wells in Brazil. GLDAS resulted in RMSE=6.76cm. Using our AI model outputs, we quantified the groundwater storage change of two major aquifers, Urucuia and Bauru-Caiuá, over the past two decades: -31km 3 and -6km 3 , respectively. Water loss is driven by a prolonged drought across most of the country and intensification of groundwater pumping for irrigation. This study demonstrates that combining satellite data and AI can be a cost-effective alternative to monitor poorly equipped aquifers at the continental scale, with possible global replicability.

GRACE↗
NASA NTRS2022

2021 Corrective Measures Implementation and Interim Measures Annual Status Report: Summary of Biosparge System Operation and Maintenance, and Interim Groundwater Monitoring Mobile Launch Platform Rehabilitation Sites / Vehicle Assembly Building Area (SWMU 056) Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This report presents a summary of the Corrective Measures Implementation (CMI) and Interim Measure (IM) implementation activities that occurred from January 2021 through December 2021 at the Mobile Launch Platform Rehabilitation Sites (MLP)/Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) Area, Solid Waste Management Unit 056 (SWMU 056), located at the John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The following summaries briefly describe areas within SWMU 056 identified by historical site investigation activities where groundwater monitoring and remedial actions have been implemented to date.

Randall K. Sillan↗
DOE OSTI2025

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Sensing for Environmental and Subsurface Monitoring

Groundwater monitoring is essential to timely and accurately reflect the current situations and the trends of water quality. However, the long-term stability and survival of any potential in-situ monitoring method is threatened by the harsh conditions and the groundwater monitoring in downhole environments poses numerous challenges to the sensor community. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been demonstrated as a promising technology for chemical monitoring in high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) environments and hard to reach places. The technique demonstrates several advantages, such as rapid, real-time, in-situ, and simultaneous detection of multiple elements with simple or no sample preparation. This chapter includes a brief review of the field-portable LIBS systems, and development of a compact, robust, and simple LIBS instrument for downhole HTHP water quality monitoring. The fieldable prototype sensor is tested in an onsite monitoring well where trace elements’ concentrations are tracked over an extended period. The testing has verified that the fiber coupled design performs as desired. The system shows good calibration linearity for tested elements and collection times, and Limits of Detection (LODs) that are comparable to those of tabletop LIBS instruments. In addition to groundwater quality monitoring, the fabricated LIBS-based sensor could have widespread sub-surface detection applications.

Jain, Jinesh [NETL Site Support Contractor, Nation↗