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A simple, unifying theory of the gyrotron is presented. It is of the Lamb type. Within its framework, important results from different approaches can be easily obtained. As an application, gyrotron action in InSb is reexamined, and coherent emission at 10 to the 12th Hz appears possible with an output power of about 0.5 mW/sq mm of the device.
An electron cyclotron resonance maser; gyrotron fundamental oscillator; advantages of gyrotrons; a schematic of the experiment; gyrotron design theory; 1 MW design parameters; compact ignition tokamak; and a gyrotron with quasi-optical output coupler are briefly presented. This presentation is represented by viewgraphs only.
The benefits of high power millimeter wave radiation for use in communication and radar systems are well known. Recently a frequency near 35 GHz was allotted for use in deep space communications, including bands for spacecraft uplink and downlink. Described is the phase locking of a high power pulsed gyrotron oscillator through the use of a quasi-optical circulator (using a second harmonic gyrotron).
A single nonlinear differential equation is derived for describing the spatial evolution of the wave field in a gyrotron amplifier on the cylindrical guide geometry. The equation is then used to determine the efficiencies and the optimized interaction lengths for gyrotron operated with TE sub N1 modes at the N-th cyclotron harmonic. The equation offers a significant advantage in simplifying numerical work in comparison with the brute force particle simulation approach. The efficiencies of the harmonic operations by using a hollow beam decrease quickly with increasing harmonic number, but are enhanced by using an axis-encircling beam instead.
The use of a gyrotron for space power beaming, especially in the form of a lunar orbiting power station is discussed. The advantages of phased array power beaming, output power, and the design of a quasi-optical gyrotron are discussed.
For imaging radar and for satellite and space communication (e.g. NASA's deep space network), it is important that the bandwidth be as large as possible. Here we derive a formalism for computing the phase locking bandwidth that can be achieved in a gyrotron oscillator while varying the beam voltage. As an example, a second harmonic TE02/03 gyrotron is considered. For this device, the effective bandwidth can be increased by a factor of about 3 compared with the fixed voltage case by allowing the beam voltage to change together with the input locking signal.
Report describes process of designing corrugated, circular-cross-section length of waveguide converting input electromagnetic radiation at frequency of 34.5 GHz in TM(11) mode to output radiation in HE(11) mode. TM(11)-mode input radiation supplied by gyrotron generating continuous-wave power of 200 kW at 34.5 GHz in TE(01) mode followed by TE(01)-to-TM(11) mode converter. Together, gyrotron and mode converters constitute prototype high-power transmitter for long-distance free-space communication.
An RF transmitting tube for the 20 GHz to 500 GHz range comprises a gyrotron and a multistage depressed collector. A winding provides a magnetic field which acts on spent, spinning or orbiting electrons changing their motion to substantially forward linear motion in a downstream direction. The spent electrons then pass through a focusser into the collector. Nearly all of the electrons injected into the collector will remain within an imaginary envelope as they travel forward toward the end collector plate. The apertures in the collector plates are at least as large in diameter as the envelope at any particular axial position.
In an axially grooved rectangular waveguide the linearized Vlasov equation is solved to find the perturbed distribution function resulting from the electromagnetic forces on the electrons. The resulting beam current and the propagating electromagnetic waves of the cold tube are used in the inhomogeneous Maxwell's equation to derive the general dispersion equation. This equation is then transformed into the electron beam frame and the resulting linear growth rate of amplification is calculated. By maximizing the linear growth rate, the operational parameters of the gyrotron are then optimized.
Cylindrical cavity structures and electron orbits; a grooved gyrotron using a ribbon beam; construction details; radiation patterns; radiation distribution; phase distribution; energy curves; and advantages are outlined. This presentation is represented by viewgraphs and charts only.
High frequency high harmonic gyrotrons; cyclotron autoresonance maser (CARM); CARM amplifier schematics; MIT electron gun; and baseline design for the 140 GHz CARM amplifier are briefly reviewed. This presentation is represented by viewgraphs only.
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Future plans call for increasing the uplink and downlink frequencies used for communication with deep space probes from the present 2 GHz and 8 GHz bands into the millimeter band, 32-35 GHz.
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A proposed microwave amplifier mechanism for future generations of millimeter high power uplinks to spacecraft and planetary radar transmitters is introduced. Basic electron-electromagnetic field interaction theory for RF power gain is explained. The starting point for general analytical methods leading to detailed design results is presented.
In this paper, the linearized relativistic Vlasov equation is solved and a dispersion relation is calculated for the interaction between a relativistic electron beam and the electromagnetic fields of a rectangular waveguide supporting TE(mn) modes. The dispersion relation is simplified to the special case of a frame of reference moving with the electrons and the resulting coupling coefficient epsilon(mn)super l is calculated for various TE(mn) modes. The dependence of epsilon(mn)super l on the parity of the harmonic number l and various mn modes of the waveguide are discussed.