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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS1988

Noninterlaced-To-Interlaced Television-Scan Converter

Computer text and ordinary images displayed together without text jitter. Scan converter enables superposition of alphanumerical text generated by computer-driven video generator on National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard interlaced-scan image. Made of commercially available integrated circuits and operates in conjunction with NTSC synchronizing-signal generator. Standard television picture transmitted in two interlaced fields. Without scan converter, text image moves up and down by one line as fields change. With scan converter, text image stands still.

Morales, Sergio↗

NASA NTRS1974

AIROscope stellar acquisition

The acquisition system which operates in conjunction with a balloon-borne TV system, boresighted to a telescope is described. It has two main functions, a star field monitor and an offset star tracker. The design of the system was strongly influenced by the TV camera, which uses the same interlaced scanning system as is employed in commercial television broadcasting. To reduce power and bandwidth requirements, the star field information transmitted in our system consists only of the horizontal and vertical coordinates of each star and its brightness. As a star field monitor the system provides video thresholding, camera blemish suppression, coordinate digitization in 3 axes, circuity to recognize as single star the dispersed video signals resulting from one star overlapping adjacent scanning lines and storage of all signals for readout by the telemetry at appropriate times.

Deboo, G. J.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Comparison of video fields and frames for transform compression

Because of the interlaced television scan, the two fields that form an interlaced video frame are generated 1/60 of a second apart. If the two fields are compressed independently, the correlation between adjacent lines is unused. The transmission rate can be reduced by using a field memory to form an interlaced frame. Four test images were processed as fields and as interlaced frames, using both theoretical and experimental compression designs. For comparable mean-square error and subjective appearance, field compression requires about one-half bit per sample more than frame compression. However, the overall transmission rate - the number of bits per image times the number of images per second - is more meaningful than the number of bits per sample. When transform compression at low transmission rates merges the adjacent lines, frame compression becomes similar to field repeating, and the memory can be reduced.

Jones, H. W., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Encoding Television Signals For Better Color

Coding scheme for transmission of color-television pictures reduces crosstalk between chrominance and luminance. Picture elements arranged in zigzag pattern to accommodate scanning. Resulting chrominance signal combined with horizontally and vertically interlaced output of luminance scan converter to form composite color signal. Applicable to color-video cameras with solid-state image-sensing devices using National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard color-television system, or other systems.

Marchman, R. H.↗

NASA NTRS1999

NASA's Myriad Uses of Digital Video

Since it's inception, NASA has created many of the most memorable images seen this Century. From the fuzzy video of Neil Armstrong taking that first step on the moon, to images of the Mars surface available to all on the internet, NASA has provided images to inspire a generation, all because a scientist or researcher had a requirement to see something unusual. Digital Television technology will give NASA unprecedented new tools for acquiring, analyzing, and distributing video. This paper will explore NASA's DTV future. The agency has a requirement to move video from one NASA Center to another, in real time. Specifics will be provided relating to the NASA video infrastructure, including video from the Space Shuttle and from the various Centers. A comparison of the pros and cons of interlace and progressive scanned images will be presented. Film is a major component of NASA's image acquisition for analysis usage. The future of film within the context of DTV will be explored.

Grubbs, Rodney↗

NASA NTRS1987

Reducing Color/Brightness Interaction in Color Television

Proposed digitally sampled scan-conversion scheme for color television reduces unwanted interactions between chrominance and luminance signals. New scheme reduces luminance and chrominance bandwidth to increase frequency separation between signals. To avoid proportionally reducing horizontal brightness resolution and horizontal color resolution, horizontal interlace of luminance signal and two color-difference signals used.

Marchman, Robert H.↗

NASA NTRS1974

A study program on large aperture electronic scanning phased array antennas for the shuttle imaging microwave system

Fundamental phased array theory and performance parameters are discussed in terms of their application to microwave radiometry, and four scanning phased arrays representing current examples of state-of-the-art phased array technology are evaluated for potential use as components of the multispectral antenna system for the space shuttle imaging microwave system (SIMS). A discussion of problem areas, both in performance and fabrication is included, with extrapolations of performance characteristics for phased array antennas of increased sizes up to 20 m by 20 m. The possibility of interlacing two or more phased arrays to achieve a multifrequency aperture is considered, and, finally, a specific antenna system is recommended for use with SIMS.

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