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Results for “lithium carbon electrode electrolyte rechargeable lithium cells anode”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Real time lithium metal calendar aging in common battery electrolytes

Li metal anodes are highly sought after for high energy density applications in both primary commercial batteries and next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this research, Li metal electrodes are aged in coin cells for a year with electrolytes relevant to both types of batteries. The aging response is monitored via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Li electrodes are characterized post-mortem. It was found that the carbonate-based electrolytes exhibit the most severe aging effects, despite the use of LiBF 4 -based carbonate electrolytes in Li/CF x Li primary batteries. Highly concentrated LiFSI electrolytes exhibit the most minimal aging effects, with only a small impedance increase with time. This is likely due to the concentrated nature of the electrolyte causing fewer solvent molecules available to react with the electrode surface. LiI-based electrolytes also show improved aging behavior both on their own and as an additive, with a similar impedance response with time as the concentrated LiFSI electrolytes. Since I − is in its most reduced state, it likely prevents further reaction and may help protect the Li electrode surface with a primarily organic solid electrolyte interphase.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Understanding the Cathode Electrochemistry of Humidified Solid‐State Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries

Lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) possess a high theoretical energy density, making them potential candidates for next-generation energy storage. However, challenges such as reactive oxygen species-induced component degradation hinder their practical use. Inorganic solid-state electrolytes offer an alternative to degradation-prone aprotic electrolytes, while also protecting lithium anodes from potential atmospheric reactants. Here, this study explores the cathode electrochemistry of solid-state LOBs using humidified oxygen, which forms an aqueous catholyte during initial cycling, thereby improving cathode-electrolyte contact. To quantitatively analyze the cathode electrochemistry, a ‘Humidity-Incorporated’ Differential Electrochemical Gas Monitoring System (HiDEMS) is developed to control humidity and monitor gas consumption and evolution in real time. When studying a Li-O 2 cell that employs a NASICON-type Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP) solid electrolyte and a porous carbon cathode, a shift in discharge products from Li 2 O 2 to LiOH is observed over repeated cycles. While Li 2 O 2 evolves O 2 during charging, LiOH oxidation leads to minimal O 2 release and increased CO 2 production, originating from oxidation of carbon electrodes. Further, dissolution of Al and P from LATP is observed, likely driven by the formation of the alkaline catholyte. The findings highlight the need for carbon-free cathode materials and more stable solid-state conductors to minimize side reactions and improve rechargeability in humidified solid-state Li-O 2 batteries.

LATP degradation↗
DOE OSTI2024

Rechargeable Manganese Dioxide||Hard Carbon Lithium Batteries in an Ether Electrolyte

Earth-abundant, cost-effective electrode materials are essential for sustainable rechargeable batteries and global decarbonization. Manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) and hard carbon both exhibit high structural and chemical tunability, making them excellent electrode candidates for batteries. Herein, we elucidate the impact of electrolytes on the cycling performance of commercial electrolytic manganese dioxide in Li chemistry. We leverage synchrotron X-ray analysis to discern the chemical state and local structural characteristics of Mn during cycling, as well as to quantify the Mn deposition on the counter electrode. By using an ether-based electrolyte instead of conventional carbonate electrolytes, we circumvent the formation of a surface Mn(II)-layer and Mn dissolution from Li x MnO 2 . Consequently, we achieved an impressive ~100% capacity retention for MnO 2 after 300 cycles at C/3. To create a lithium metal-lean full cell, we introduce hard carbon as the anode which is compatible with ether-based electrolytes. Commercial hard carbon delivers a specific capacity of ~230 mAh g -1 at 0.1 A g -1 without plateau, indicating a surface-adsorption mechanism. The resulting manganese dioxide||hard carbon full cell exhibits stable cycling and high Coulombic efficiency. Our research provides a promising solution to develop cost-effective, scalable, and safe energy storage solutions using widely available manganese oxide and hard carbon materials.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗