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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1982

Oxide dispersion hardened mechanically alloyed materials for high temperatures

The procedure of mechanical alloying makes it possible to obtain, with the aid of powder-metallurgy techniques, alloys that consist of a metallic matrix in which very fine oxide particles are dispersed. Mechanically alloyed compound powders can be used for making either forged or hot-rolled semifinished products. For these products, dispersion strengthening and precipitation hardening has been combined. At high temperatures, the strength characteristics of the alloy are determined by both dispersion hardening and by precipitation hardening processes. The effect produced by each process is independent of that due to the other. Attention is given to the principle of mechanical alloying developed by Benjamin (1970, 1976), the strength characteristics of mechanically alloyed materials, the corrosion resistance of mechanically alloyed material at high temperatures, and the preparation and characteristics of the alloy MA 6000 E.

Benjamin, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Fracture Test Results for 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 Inch Thick 2324-T39 Aluminum Alloy Material

A summary of experimental data is presented for a series of fracture tests and tensile tests that were conducted on a 2324-T39 aluminum alloy material. Static tensile tests were performed to determine the stress-strain response for the material. For the fracture tests three thicknesses (B = 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9-inches) and two specimen types (middle crack tension and compact tension specimens) were used. The middle crack tension specimens were 12-inches wide, and the compact tension specimens were 2, 4, and 6-inches wide. The fracture tests were conducted in the L-T orientation (crack perpendicular to the rolling direction and load parallel to the rolling direction).

Johnston, William M.↗
NASA NTRS2024

Shape Memory Alloy Material Maturation (SMA)

The Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) project will evaluate, process, and refine 3 SMA materials that have the potential to provide the properties needed to enable various technologies for human exploration missions on the Moon and Mars. The work will focus on the development and identification of a new SMA alloy targeted at enabling compliant rover tires capable of the extreme demands (high loads, faster drive speeds, extreme cold temperatures and exceedingly long mission durations). The necessary work will include the development of key material testing capabilities that will enable material properties development from 40K – 400K for all properties needed to qualify space flight hardware (Tensile, Fatigue/Durability, etc.). The SMA wire properties will be input into a database and model, ultimately to disseminate material property design data (for 1 alloy only) as parameters for finite element modeling of a tire structure.

Andrea Marchica↗
NASA NTRS2004

Aluminum-Scandium Alloys: Material Characterization, Friction Stir Welding, and Compatibility With Hydrogen Peroxide (MSFC Center Director's Discretionary Fund Final Report, Proj. No. 04-14)

This Technical Memorandum describes the development of several high-strength aluminum (Al) alloys that are compatible with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) propellant for NASA Hypersonic-X (Hyper-X) vehicles fuel tanks and structures. The yield strengths for some of these Al-magnesium-based alloys are more than 3 times stronger than the conventional 5254-H112 Al alloy, while maintaining excellent H2O2 compatibility similar to class 1 5254 alloy. The alloy development strategy is to add scandium, zirconium, and other transitional metals with unique electrochemical properties, which will not act as catalysts, to decompose the highly concentrated 90 percent H2O2. Test coupons are machined from sheet metals for H2O2 long-term exposure testing and mechanical properties testing. In addition, the ability to weld the new alloys using friction stir welding has also been explored. The new high-strength alloys could represent an enabling material technology for Hyper-X vehicles, where flight weight reduction is a critical requirement.

Lee, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Low-gravity experiments on Liquid Phase Miscibility Gap (LPMG) alloys: Materials Experiments Assembly (MEA)

Space shuttle experiments which study the massive separation which occurred during sounding rocket Al-In alloy tests are described. The gradient cool experiment studies surface tension driven droplet migration and particle pushing in an LPMG alloy. Isothermal experiments on the Te-Tl alloys test the hypothesis that LPMG systems with low surface energies produce relatively fine, and uniform emulsions and dispersions. It also examines the effect of droplet concentration on phase separation kinetics. Isothermal plunger experiments on Al-In alloys determine whether surface tension driven convection currents originating at a free surface contribute to massive separation. They ascertain whether In-rich droplets migrate under the action of a temperature gradient when they are not influenced by the crucible walls.

Gelles, S. H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Immiscible materials and alloys

Only immiscible materials which involve a fluid phase have a potential advantage when considered for space processing. Processing of such systems at low gravity can lead to a material which is very homogeneous and contains a finely dispersed mixture of phases. Materials with such structures may exhibit potentially useful properties for such applications as superconductors, dispersion-strengthened materials, superplastic materials, permanent magnets, etc. These conclusions have resulted from review of past efforts in the field of low-g processing of materials containing a liquid phase miscibility gap and from present efforts dealing with such systems. These studies have concentrated on precipitation of liquid droplets in a host liquid during cooling through the miscibility gap. This effort has been to study the agglomeration of the droplets both experimentally and through computer simulation in order to understand the mechansism involved and to deduce the effect of gravity on the droplet distribution and resulting structure of the solidified material. The agglomeration mechanisms treated in detail are those due to diffusional growth and collision processes caused by Stokes on convection current-induced droplet migration.

Markworth, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Evaluation of lithium alloy anode materials for Li-TiS2 cells

A study was performed to select candidate lithium alloy anode materials and establish selection criteria. Some of the selected alloy materials were evaluated for their electrochemical properties and performance. This paper describes the criteria for the selection of alloys and the findings of the studies. Li-Si and Li-Cd alloys have been found to be unstable in the EC+2-MeTHF-based electrolyte. The Li-Al alloy system was found to be promising among the alloy systems studied in view of its stability and reversibility. Unfortunately, the large volume changes of LiAl alloys during charge/discharge cycling cause considerable 'exfoliation' of its active mass. This paper also describes ways how to address this problem. The rate of disintegration of this anode would probably be surpressed by the presence of an inert solid solution or a uniform distribution of precipitates within the grains of the active mass. It was discovered that the addition of a small quantity of Mn may improve the mechanical properties of LiAl. In an attempt to reduce the Li-Al alloy vs. Li voltage, it was observed that LiAlPb(0.1)Cd(0.3) material can be cycled at 1.5 mA/sq cm without exfoliation of the active mass.

Huang, C.-K.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Potential High-Temperature Shape-Memory-Alloy Actuator Material Identified

Shape-memory alloys are unique "smart materials" that can be used in a wide variety of adaptive or "intelligent" components. Because of a martensitic solid-state phase transformation in these materials, they can display rather unusual mechanical properties including shape-memory behavior. This phenomenon occurs when the material is deformed at low temperatures (below the martensite finish temperature, Mf) and then heated through the martensite-to-austenite phase transformation. As the material is heated to the austenite finish temperature Af, it is able to recover its predeformed shape. If a bias is applied to the material as it tries to recover its original shape, work can be extracted from the shape-memory alloy as it transforms. Therefore, shape-memory alloys are being considered for compact solid-state actuation devices to replace hydraulic, pneumatic, or motor-driven systems.

Noebe, Ronald D.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Shape memory alloys: New materials for future engineering

Shape memory is a new material property. An alloy which experiences relative severe plastic deformation resumes its original shape again after heating by 10 to 100 C. Besides simple shape memory, in similar alloys there is the second effect where the change in shape is caused exclusively by little temperature change. In pseudo-elasticity, the alloy exhibits a rubber-like behavior, i.e., large, reversible deformation at little change in tension. Beta Cu and beta NiTi alloys have been used in practice. The probability is that soon alloys based on Fe will become available. Recently increasing applications for this alloy were found in various areas of technology, even medical technology. A review with 24 references is given, including properties, production, applications and fundamental principles of the shape memory effect.

Hornbogen, E.↗
NASA NTRS1983

High-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage systems for solar applications

Experimental results of compatibility screening studies of 100 salt/containment/thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE) combinations for the high temperature solar thermal application range of 704 deg to 871 C (1300 to 1600 F) are presented. Nine candidate containment/HX alloy materials and two TCE materials were tested with six candidate solar thermal alkali and alkaline earth carbonate storage salts (both reagent and technical grade of each). Compatibility tests were conducted with salt encapsulated in approx. 6.0 inch x 1 inch welded containers of test material from 300 to 3000 hours. Compatibility evaluations were end application oriented, considering the potential 30 year lifetime requirement of solar thermal power plant components. Analyses were based on depth and nature of salt side corrosion of materials, containment alloy thermal aging effects, weld integrity in salt environment, air side containment oxidation, and chemical and physical analyses of the salt. A need for more reliable, and in some cases first time determined thermophysical and transport property data was also identified for molten carbonates in the 704 to 871 C temperature range. In particular, accurate melting point (mp) measurements were performed for Li2CO3 and Na2CO3 while melting point, heat of fusion, and specific heat determinations were conducted on 81.3 weight percent Na2CO3-18.7 weight percent K2CO3 and 52.2 weight percent BaCO3-47.8 weight percent Na2CO3 to support future TES system design and ultimate scale up of solar thermal energy storage (TES) subsystems.

Petri, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The structure and properties of rapidly solidified high alloy aluminum materials

A series of 2024 type aluminum alloys modified by additions of 1 to 2% Li were studied to determine the role of the Cu:Li and the (Cu + Mg):Li ratios on resultant strength, ductility, notch-tensile behavior, and crack propagation rates. Ultrasonically gas atomized powders with quench rates of 10 to 100 thousand degrees/s were atomized in an argon atmosphere, producing yields of powder such that almost 100% was finer than 250 microns. The powders are free of gases and porosity, are quite spherical, have few satellites (adhering fine powder particles) and are of uniform microstructure. Strength properties are such that yield strength is 20% greater than for lithium-free 2024 ingot alloy, tensile strength is 10% greater than that of 2024 ingot material, and ductilities are comparable. In terms of specific strength and specific modulus, these RS 2024-Li alloys are significantly better than IM 2024.

Grant, N. J.↗
NASA NTRS1935

The Weathering of Aluminum Alloy Sheet Materials Used in Aircraft

This report presents the results of an investigation of the corrosion of aluminum alloy sheet materials used in aircraft. It has for its purpose to study the causes of corrosion embrittlement in duralumin-type alloys and the development of methods for its elimination. The report contains results, obtained in an extensive series of weather-exposure tests, which reveal the extent to which the resistance of the materials to corrosion was affected by variable factors in their heat treatment and by the application of various surface protective coatings. The results indicate that the sheet materials are to be regarded as thoroughly reliable, from the standpoint of their permanence in service, provided proper precautions are taken to render them corrosion-resistant.

Mutchler, Willard↗
NASA NTRS1967

Materials data handbook, Inconel alloy 718

Materials data handbook on Inconel alloy 718 includes data on the properties of the alloy at cryogenic, ambient, and elevated temperatures and other pertinent engineering information required for the design and fabrication of components and equipment utilizing this alloy.

Sessler, J.↗