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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Technical note: 21 Ne in the CoQtz-N quartz standard material

Intercomparison standards produced from mineral samples exposed to the natural cosmic ray flux are routinely used for interlaboratory comparison and normalization of measurements of the cosmogenic noble gases 3 He and 21 Ne. This effort is facilitated by the availability of multiple standard materials with a wide range of cosmogenic nuclide concentrations. The “CoQtz-N” quartz standard, which was originally produced and distributed as an intercomparison standard for cosmogenic 10 Be and 26 Al, has a significantly lower cosmogenic nuclide concentration than other mineral standards used for cosmogenic noble gas analysis and is therefore potentially useful for assessing the linearity of interlaboratory offsets across a wide range of concentrations. This paper reports 21 Ne analysis of 13 aliquots of CoQtz-N, interspersed with 14 aliquots of the commonly used CRONUS-A quartz standard, in three analytical sessions on two noble gas mass spectrometer systems. The excess 21 Ne concentration in CoQtz-N, normalized to the accepted value of 320 × 10 6 atoms g −1 for CRONUS-A, is 13.87 ± 0.24 × 10 6 atoms g −1 . Alternatively, the ratio of excess 21 Ne concentrations in CoQtz-N and CRONUS-A is 0.04330 ± 0.00077.

Balco, Greg [Lawrence Livermore National Laborator↗
DOE OSTI2014

Iodine Standard Materials: Preparation and Inter-Laboratory Comparisons

The Idaho National Laboratory is preparing to enter the community of AMS practioners who analyze for 129Iodine. We expect to take delivery of a 0.5 MV compact accelerator mass spectrometry system, built by NEC, in the early summer of 2014. The primary mission for this instrument is iodine; it is designed to analyze iodine in the +3 charge state. As part of the acceptance testing for this instrument, both at NEC and on-site in our laboratory, some sort of standard or reference material is needed to verify performance. Appropriate standard materials are not readily available in the commercial marketplace. Small quantities can sometimes be acquired from other laboratories already engaged in iodine analyses. In the longer-term, meaningful quantities of standard materials are needed for routine use in analyses, and for quality control functions1. We have prepared some standard materials, starting with elemental Woodward iodine and NIST SRM 3231 [Iodine-129 Isotopic Standard (high level)] 10-6 solution. The goal was to make mixtures at the 5x10-10, 5x10-11, 5x10-12 ratio levels, along with some unmodified Woodward, in the chemical form of silver iodide. Approximately twenty grams of each of these mixtures were prepared. The elemental Woodward iodine was dissolved in chloroform, then reduced to iodide using sodium bisulfite in water. At this point the NIST spike material was added, in the form of sodium iodide. The mixed iodides were oxidized back to iodine in chloroform using hydrogen peroxide. This oxidation step was essential for isotopic equilibration of the 127 and 129 atoms. The iodine was reduced to iodide using sodium bisulfite as before. Excess sulfites and sulfates were precipitated with barium nitrate. After decanting, silver nitrate was used to precipitate the desired silver iodide. Once the silver iodide was produced, the material was kept in darkness as much as possible to minimize photo-oxidation. The various mixtures were synthesized independently of each other; there were no serial dilutions involved. Aliquots of these four materials have been submitted to five established AMS laboratories where iodine analyses are routinely performed: ETH (Zurich), CNA (Seville), PRIME (Purdue), LLNL (California), and Isotrace (Toronto.) Results from four of these laboratories have been received; in general they indicate that the desired 129/127 ratios have been achieved. We will discuss the results of this informal round-robin exercise. If the installation of the instrument in Idaho goes well, we may have some very preliminary results from the new system. An integral part of data reporting is the approach to data reduction. Accordingly, there will also be some discussion of various philosophies of data handling in regard to the use of standards to adjust data, and background subtraction.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS2012

Historical Evolution of NASA Standard Materials Testing with Hypergolic Propellants and Ammonia (NASA Standard 6001 Test 15)

The NASA Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) has performed testing of hazardous and reactive aerospace fluids, including hypergolic propellants, with materials since the 1960s with the Apollo program. Amongst other test activities, Test 15 is a NASA standard test for evaluating the reactivity of materials with selected aerospace fluids, in particular hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, uns-dimethylhydrazine, Aerozine 50, dinitrogen tetroxide oxidizers, and ammonia. This manuscript provides an overview of the history of Test 15 over a timeline ranging from prior to its development and first implementation as a NASA standard test in 1974 to its current refinement. Precursor documents to NASA standard tests, as they are currently known, are reviewed. A related supplementary test, international standardization, and enhancements to Test 15 are also discussed. Because WSTF was instrumental in the development and implementation of Test 15, WSTF experience and practices are referred to in this manuscript.

Greene, Benjamin↗
DOE OSTI2025

A phase-field fracture formulation for generalized standard materials: The interplay between thermomechanics and damage

Accurately modeling fracture of ductile materials poses open challenges in the field of computational mechanics due to the multiphysics nature of their failure processes. Integrating the interplay between thermodynamics and damage into ductile fracture models is vital for predicting critical failure modes. Here, in this paper, we develop a versatile phase-field (PF) framework for modeling ductile fracture, taking into account finite-strain elasto-plasticity. The framework stems from a variational formulation of constitutive relations for generalized standard materials (GSMs), whose response is described by a Helmholtz free energy and a dissipation pseudo-potential. Its variational structure is based on a minimum principle for a functional that expresses the sum of power densities for reversible and irreversible processes. By minimizing this functional with a constraint on a von Mises yield function, we derive the evolution equation for the equivalent plastic strain and an associative flow rule. This constrained optimization problem is analytically solved for a wide class of thermo-viscoplasticity models. The key innovations of the current work include (i) a cubic plastic degradation function that accounts for a non-vanishing damage-dependent yield stress, (ii) closed-form expressions of the Helmholtz free energy and dissipation pseudo-potential for three thermo-viscoplasticity models, (iii) an extended Johnson–Cook plasticity model with a nonlinear hardening law, and (iv) a plastic work heat source that depends on the plastic degradation function and a variable Taylor–Quinney (TQ) coefficient. The capabilities of the proposed framework are tested with the aid of four ductile fracture problems, including the Sandia Fracture Challenge. In each of these problems, we examine the evolution of relevant field variables such as the PF order parameter, the equivalent plastic strain, the temperature, and the internal power dissipation density, in addition to the overall structural response quantified by the force–displacement curve. These numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively represents ductile fracture, yielding computational results that exhibit good agreement with experimental data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2009

NASA-STD-6016 Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft

The standards for materials and processes surrounding spacecraft are discussed. Presentation focused on minimum requirements for Materials and Processes (M&P) used in design, fabrication, and testing of flight components for NASA manned, unmanned, robotic, launch vehicle, lander, in-space and surface systems, and spacecraft program/project hardware elements.Included is information on flammability, offgassing, compatibility requirements, and processes; both metallic and non-metallic materials are mentioned.

Hirsch, David B.↗
DOE OSTI2016

A comparative study of 129I content in environmental standard materials IAEA-375, NIST SRM 4354 and NIST SRM 4357 by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Iodine environmental measurements have consistently been backed up in the literature by standard materials like IAEA-375, Chernobyl Soil. There are not many other sources of a certified reference material for 129I content for mass spectrometry measurements. Some that have been found in the literature include NIST-4354 and NIST-4357. They are still available at the time of this writing. They don’t have certified content or isotopic values. There has been some work in the literature to show that iodine is present, but there hasn’t been enough to establish a consensus value. These materials have been analyzed at INL through two separate mass spectrometry techniques. They involve a combustion method of the starting material in oxygen, followed by TIMS analysis and a leaching preparation analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry. Combustion/TIMS preparation of NIST SRM-4354 resulted in a 129I/127I ratio of 1.92 x 10-6 which agrees with AMS measurements which measured the 129I/127I ratio to be 1.93 x 10-6.

129I/127I ratio↗
DOE OSTI2017

Standardization of accelerator irradiation procedures for simulation of neutron induced damage in reactor structural materials

Self-ion irradiation is widely used as a method to simulate neutron damage in reactor structural materials. Accelerator-based simulation of void swelling, however, introduces a number of neutron-atypical features which require careful data extraction and in some cases introduction of innovative irradiation techniques to alleviate these issues. We briefly summarize three such atypical features: defect imbalance effects, pulsed beam effects, and carbon contamination. The latter issue has just been recently recognized as being relevant to simulation of void swelling and is discussed here in greater detail. It is shown that carbon ions are entrained in the ion beam by Coulomb force drag and accelerated toward the target surface. Beam-contaminant interactions are modeled using molecular dynamics simulation. By applying a multiple beam deflection technique, carbon and other contaminants can be effectively filtered out, as demonstrated in an irradiation of HT-9 alloy by 3.5 MeV Fe ions.

Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory↗
NASA NTRS2021

Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft

This NASA Technical Standard is directed toward materials and processes (M&P) used in the design, fabrication, and testing of space program flight hardware for NASA, including but not limited to crewed, uncrewed, robotic, launch vehicle, lander, in-space and surface systems, and spacecraft program/project hardware elements. All spaceflight hardware is covered by the M&P requirements of this document, including vendor-designed, off-the-shelf, and vendor-furnished items. M&P used in interfacing ground support equipment (GSE), test equipment, hardware processing equipment, hardware packaging, and hardware shipment is covered by the M&P requirements of this NASA Technical Standard only to the extent required to prevent damage to or contamination of spaceflight hardware (see section 4). M&P used in NASA aircraft and aircraft operations are not covered by the M&P requirements of this document.

Materials↗
DOE OSTI2015

R&D for Safety Codes and Standards: Materials and Components Compatibility

This project addresses the following technical barriers from the Safety, Codes and Standards section of the 2012 Fuel Cell Technologies Office Multi-Year Research, Development and Demonstration Plan (section 3.8): (A) Safety data and information: limited access and availability (F) Enabling national and international markets requires consistent RCS (G) Insufficient technical data to revise standards.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2011

Systematic Evaluation of Nanomaterial Toxicity: Utility of Standardized Materials and Rapid Assays

The challenge of optimizing both performance and safety in nanomaterials hinges on our ability to resolve which structural features lead to desired properties. It has been difficult to draw meaningful conclusions about biological impacts from many studies of nanomaterials due to the lack of nanomaterial characterization, unknown purity, and/or alteration of the nanomaterials by the biological environment. To investigate the relative influence of core size, surface chemistry, and charge on nanomaterial toxicity, we tested the biological response of whole animals exposed to a matrix of nine structurally diverse, precision-engineered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of high purity and known composition. Members of the matrix include three core sizes and four unique surface coatings that include positively and negatively charged headgroups. Mortality, malformations, uptake, and elimination of AuNPs were all dependent on these parameters, showing the need for tightly controlled experimental design and nanomaterial characterization. Results presented herein illustrate the value of an integrated approach to identify design rules that minimize potential hazard.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

R&D for Safety Codes and Standards: Materials and Components Compatibility

A principal challenge to the widespread adoption of hydrogen infrastructure is the lack of quantifiable data on its safety envelope and concerns about additional risk from hydrogen. To convince regulatory officials, local fire marshals, fuel suppliers, and the public at large that hydrogen refueling is safe for consumer use, the risk to personnel and bystanders must be quantified and minimized to an acceptable level. Such a task requires strong confidence in the safety performance of high pressure hydrogen systems. Developing meaningful materials characterization and qualification methodologies in addition to enhancing understanding of performance of materials is critical to eliminating barriers to the development of safe, low-cost, high-performance high-pressure hydrogen systems for the consumer environment.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1983

NBS (National Bureau of Standards): Materials measurements

Work directed toward the measurement of materials properties important to the design and interpretation of space processing experiments and determinations of how the space environment may offer a unique opportunity for performing improved measurements and producing materials with improved properties is reported. Surface tensions and their variations with temperature and impurities; convection during undirectional solidification; and measurement of the high temperature thermophysical properties of tungsten group liquids and solids are discussed and results are summarized.

Manning, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1984

NBS (National Bureau of Standards): Materials measurements

Work in support of NASA's Microgravity Science and Applications Program is described. The results of the following three tasks are given in detail: (1) surface tensions and their variations with temperature and impurities; (2) convection during unidirectional solidification; and (3) measurement of high temperature thermophysical properties. Tasks 1 and 2 were directed toward determining how the reduced gravity obtained in space flight can affect convection and solidification processes. Emphasis in task 3 was on development of levitation and containerless processing techniques which can be applied in space flight to provide thermodynamic measurements of reactive materials.

Manning, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

NBS (National Bureau of Standards): Materials measurements

NBS work for NASA in support of NASA's Microgravity Science and Applications Program under NASA Government Order H-27954B (Properties of Electronic Materials) covering the period April 1, 1984 to March 31, 1985 is described. The work has been carried out in three independent tasks: Task 1--Surface Tensions and Their Variations with Temperature and Impurities; Task 2--Convention during Unidirectional Solidification; Task 3--Measurement of High Temperature Thermodynamic Properties. The results for each task are given separately in the body of the report.

Manning, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS2006

NASA-STD-(I)-6016, Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft

This document is directed toward Materials and Processes (M&P) used in the design, fabrication, and testing of flight components for all NASA manned, unmanned, robotic, launch vehicle, lander, in-space and surface systems, and spacecraft program/project hardware elements. All flight hardware is covered by the M&P requirements of this document, including vendor designed, off-the-shelf, and vendor furnished items. Materials and processes used in interfacing ground support equipment (GSE); test equipment; hardware processing equipment; hardware packaging; and hardware shipment shall be controlled to prevent damage to or contamination of flight hardware.

Pedley, Michael↗
NASA NTRS2023

PMT F7 Silver Standard Material Properties Characterization

PMT F7 epoxy resin was characterized to capture the material's thermochemical and thermo-mechanical properties. DSC testing was performed and the data was used to develop a cure kinetics model which predicts the material cure response and specific heat capacity. TMA and DMA testing were performed and the data was used to develop thermo-mechanical models which predict the material CTE, cure shrinkage, and modulus evolution with cure. Convergent Manufacturing Technologies US determined test parameters, analyzed data, and performed model fitting. NASA completed tests and provided data to Convergent Manufacturing Technologies US.

Epoxy↗