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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records

Study of charm hadronization with prompt $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $ baryons in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $ = 5.02 TeV

The production of prompt $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $ baryons is measured via the exclusive decay channel $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+}\to p{\textrm{K}}^{-}{\pi}^{+} $ at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV, using proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (PbPb) collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The pp and PbPb data were obtained in 2017 and 2018 with integrated luminosities of 252 and 0.607 nb$^{−1}$, respectively. The measurements are performed within the $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $ rapidity interval |y| < 1 with transverse momentum (p$_{T}$) ranges of 3–30 and 6–40 GeV/c for pp and PbPb collisions, respectively. Compared to the yields in pp collisions scaled by the expected number of nucleon-nucleon interactions, the observed yields of $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $ with p$_{T}$> 10 GeV/c are strongly suppressed in PbPb collisions. The level of suppression depends significantly on the collision centrality. The $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $/D$^{0}$ production ratio is similar in PbPb and pp collisions at p$_{T}$> 10 GeV/c, suggesting that the coalescence process does not play a dominant role in prompt $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $ baryon production at higher p$_{T}$.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Jet properties in PbPb and pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{N}\;\mathrm{N}}}=5.02 $ TeV

Modifications of the properties of jets in PbPb collisions, relative to those in pp collisions, are studied at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{N}\,\mathrm{N}}}=5.02 $ TeV via correlations of charged particles with the jet axis in relative pseudorapidity (Δη), relative azimuth (Δϕ), and relative angular distance from the jet axis $ \varDelta \mathrm{r}=\sqrt{{\left(\varDelta \eta \right)}^2+{\left(\varDelta \phi \right)}^2} $ . This analysis uses data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 404 μb$^{−1}$ and 27.4 pb$^{−1}$ for PbPb and pp collisions, respectively. Charged particle number densities, jet fragmentation functions, and jet shapes are presented as a function of PbPb collision centrality and charged-particle track transverse momentum, providing a differential description of jet modifications due to interactions with the quark-gluon plasma.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of the Z boson production cross-section in proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$ = 8.16 TeV

This article presents the first measurement of the differential Z-boson production cross-section in the forward region using proton-lead collisions with the LHCb detector. The dataset was collected at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 8.16 TeV in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 30.8 nb –1 . The forward-backward ratio and the nuclear modification factors are measured together with the differential cross-section as functions of the Z boson rapidity in the centre-of-mass frame, the transverse momentum of the Z boson and a geometric variable $\phi$*. The results are in good agreement with the predictions from nuclear parton distribution functions, providing strong constraining power at small Bjorken-x.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Inclusive J/ψ production at forward and backward rapidity in p-Pb collisions at s N N = 8.16 TeV

Inclusive J/ψ production is studied in p-Pb interactions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision s N N = 8.16 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The J/ψ meson is reconstructed, via its decay to a muon pair, in the centre-of-mass rapidity intervals 2.03 < y cms < 3.53 and -4.46 < y cms < -2.96, where positive and negative y cms refer to the p-going and Pb-going direction, respectively. The transverse momentum coverage is p T < 20 GeV/c. In this paper, y cms - and p T -differential cross sections for inclusive J/ψ production are presented, and the corresponding nuclear modification factors R pPb are shown. Forward results show a suppression of the J/ψ yield with respect to pp collisions, concentrated in the region p T ≲ 5 GeV/c. At backward rapidity no significant suppression is observed. The results are compared to previous measurements by ALICE in p-Pb collisions at s N N = 5.02 TeV and to theoretical calculations. Finally, the ratios R FB between forward- and backward-y cms R pPb values are shown and discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

The production of isolated photons in PbPb and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV

The transverse energy ($ {E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\upgamma} $) spectra of photons isolated from other particles are measured using proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at the LHC at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $ = 5.02 TeV with integrated luminosities of 27.4 pb$^{−1}$ and 404 μb$^{−1}$ for pp and PbPb data, respectively. The results are presented for photons with 25 <$ {E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\upgamma} $< 200 GeV in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 1.44, and for different centrality intervals for PbPb collisions. Photon production in PbPb collisions is consistent with that in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, demonstrating that photons do not interact with the quark-gluon plasma. Therefore, isolated photons can provide information about the initial energy of the associated parton in photon+jet measurements. The results are compared with predictions from the next-to-leading-order jetphox generator for different parton distribution functions (PDFs) and nuclear PDFs (nPDFs). The comparisons can help to constrain the nPDFs global fits.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Jet angularities in dijet production in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC

We study jet angularities for dijet production at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in proton-proton (pp) and nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions at 200 GeV nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass collision energy. In particular, we provide NLL resummed predictions for angularity observables of groomed and ungroomed jets produced in pp collisions matched to next-to-leading order QCD calculations resulting in NLO + NLL ' accuracy. Our parton-level predictions are corrected for non-perturbative effects, such as hadronization and underlying event, using parton-to-hadron level transfer matrices obtained with the Sherpa event generator. Furthermore, we use the Q-PYTHIA and JEWEL generators to estimate the impact of the interaction between quarks and gluons produced by the parton shower with the dense medium formed in heavy-ion collisions on the considered jet angularities.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Probing the chiral magnetic wave with charge-dependent flow measurements in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

The Chiral Magnetic Wave (CMW) phenomenon is essential to provide insights into the strong interaction in QCD, the properties of the quark-gluon plasma, and the topological characteristics of the early universe, offering a deeper understanding of fundamental physics in high-energy collisions. Measurements of the charge-dependent anisotropic flow coefficients are studied in Pb-Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV to probe the CMW. In particular, the slope of the normalized difference in elliptic (v 2 ) and triangular (v 3 ) flow coefficients of positively and negatively charged particles as a function of their event-wise normalized number difference, is reported for inclusive and identified particles. The slope ${r}_3^{\textrm{Norm}}$ is found to be larger than zero and to have a magnitude similar to ${r}_2^{\textrm{Norm}}$, thus pointing to a large background contribution for these measurements. Furthermore, ${r}_2^{\textrm{Norm}}$ can be described by a blast wave model calculation that incorporates local charge conservation. In addition, using the event shape engineering technique yields a fraction of CMW (f CMW ) contribution to this measurement which is compatible with zero. This measurement provides the very first upper limit for f CMW , and in the 10–60% centrality interval it is found to be 26% (38%) at 95% (99.7%) confidence level.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Nonlocal Structure of the Leading Order ab initio Effective Potentials for Proton Elastic Scattering from Light Nuclei

Based on the spectator expansion of the multiple scattering series we employ a chiral next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) nucleon-nucleon interaction on the same footing in the structure as well as in the reaction calculation to obtain an in leading-order consistent effective potential for nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering, which includes the spin of the struck target nucleon. Here, as an example we present proton scattering off $^{12}$C.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Status of the NPDGamma experiment

We report that the NPDGamma experiment measures the parity-violating (PV) gamma asymmetry from polarized cold neutrons captured on protons at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The (PV) neutron spin asymmetry A γ of photons from polarized cold neutron capture on protons is proportional to the ΔI=1 long range weak meson coupling h$1\atop{π}$ between nucleons in the hadronic weak interaction (HWI). Liquid para-hydrogen production data taking concluded in April 2014 and once the background aluminum asymmetry measurements are complete, the PV asymmetry A γ can be extracted. Finally, preliminary results of the analysis of A γ are presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Precision mass measurements of 44 V and 44m V for nucleon-nucleon interaction studies

Here, we discuss the motivation and technique of Penning trap mass spectrometry applied to radioactive 44 V and 44m V, using the LEBIT 9.4 T Penning trap mass spectrometer at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University. A complementary measurement of these nuclides, performed at the CSRe in Lanzhou, China, was recently published, but with errors several times larger than obtainable for a short-lived radionuclide in a Penning trap. Interpretation of the higher precision results is ongoing and a full accounting of this measurement is anticipated in the coming months.

44-vanadium↗

Nucleon Associations in Direct Nuclear Reactions

Based on the model of nucleon associations, the two-nucleon transfer reaction (p, t) is considered in intermediate nuclei. The interaction between the nucleons is local and short-range, and the bineutron association already exists in the nucleon. The internal states of the incident proton, departing triton, and any intermediate association states are assumed to be completely symmetric S-states. Investigations are performed with distorted plane waves of the proton and triton, and the assumption is made that there is no exchange by nucleons among nucleon fragments. The differential cross sections calculated on the basis of this approach are presented, and these results demonstrate that the association model allows one to explain qualitatively the experimental data on particle scattering. Some possible directions of further study of direct nuclear reactions on the basis of the model are discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Polarization of Nucleons in the Deuteron Stripping Reaction on Nuclei

A general analytical expression has been obtained in the diffraction approximation for the polarization of nucleons arising in the deuteron stripping reaction on nuclei at intermediate energies of the incident particles. A tabulated density distribution of the target nucleus and a realistic wave function of the deuteron with correct asymptotic limits at large internucleon distances were used in the calculations. The nucleon-nucleus phase shifts were calculated in the Glauber formalism using the double folding potential. The calculated angular dependences for the vector analyzing power Ay of the reaction {sup 3}He(d, p){sup 4}He are found to be in satisfactory agreement with the corresponding experimental data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Ground-state and stability properties of 288-308 118 Og isotopes based on semi-microscopic calculations

In this study, we present theoretical predictions on the stability properties of the yet unknown {sup 276−293,295−308}{sub 118}Og isotopes using the Skyrme-SLy4 nucleon–nucleon interaction and the deformed Woods–Saxon single-particle potential in a semi-microscopic approach. The ground-state masses, binding energy, deformations and fission barriers are calculated from the total energy surfaces produced in a multidimensional deformation space using the dynamical differential evolution optimization method. Besides, the Q-values of the different decay modes and the nucleon separation energies for each isotope, and its α-decay (T{sub α}) and spontaneous fission half-lives are also calculated. Our study revealed the {sub 290−296}Og elements to be the most bound Oganesson isotopes, among which {sup 302,304,306}Og elements are predicted to be spherical nuclei, and {sup 299,300,301,303,305}Og elements are shown to be almost spherical. The predicted ground-state and decay properties successfully reproduced the available data of the solely known Oganesson isotope {sup 294}Og. In addition to the principle α-decay modes, we studied the rival decay modes that challenge the stability of nuclei in the superheavy regions, namely the electron capture β{sup +} decays and the spontaneous fission. An overall oscillating increasing behavior of T{sub α} with the mass number is obtained, which obviously reverses the hesitating decreasing behavior of Q{sub α} and follows increasing trend of the corresponding change in the neutron-skin thickness after α-decays. The {sub 291,294−296,299−302}Og isotopes are expected to have relatively long half-lives, T{sub α} ≈ 1–45 ms, while {sup 295}Og is found to have the longest half-life between the considered nuclei. The {sub 291−300}Og isotopes exhibited relatively high fission barriers and small branching ratios for their spontaneous fission modes.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Tensor optimized Fermi sphere method for nuclear matter—Power series correlated wave function and a cluster expansion

A new formalism, called “tensor optimized Fermi sphere (TOFS) method”, is developed to treat the nuclear matter using a bare interaction among nucleons. In this method, the correlated nuclear matter wave function is taken to be a power series type, Ψ{sub N}=[∑{sub n=0}{sup N}(1∕n!)F{sup n}]Φ{sub 0} and an exponential type, Ψ{sub ex}=exp(F)Φ{sub 0}, with the uncorrelated Fermi-gas wave function Φ{sub 0}, where the correlation operator F can induce central, spin–isospin, tensor, etc. correlations, and Ψ{sub ex} corresponds to a limiting case of Ψ{sub N} (N→∞). In the TOFS formalism based on Hermitian form, it is shown that the energy per particle in nuclear matter with Ψ{sub ex} can be expressed in terms of a linked-cluster expansion. On the basis of these results, we present the formula of the energy per particle in nuclear matter with Ψ{sub N}. We call the Nth-order TOFS calculation for evaluating the energy with Ψ{sub N}, where the correlation functions are optimally determined in the variation of the energy. The TOFS theory is applied for the study of symmetric nuclear matter using a central NN potential with short-range repulsion. The calculated results are fairly consistent to those of other theories such as the Brueckner–Hartree–Fock approach etc.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Appearance of hyperons in neutron stars within LOCV method

Chemical potentials of nucleons in asymmetric nuclear matter are calculated in a completely self-consistent manner, using the lowest order constrained variational (LOCV) method. Employing different nucleon–nucleon potentials, threshold density of free hyperons formation and the maximum mass of hypernuclear star are determined. Furthermore, the particles fraction in beta stable and charge neutral matter is calculated as well. The effects of three-body force (TBF) on the onset of hyperons, particle composition and maximum mass of the star are discussed. The results show that, for all different nucleon–nucleon interactions considered, onset of hyperons formation sets in at about 2–3 times of the nuclear saturation density. In particular, it is shown that by considering the TBF, the density of appearance of hyperons shifts to a lower value. The maximum masses of hypernuclear star are obtained about 1.3068M{sub ⊙} and 1.1032M{sub ⊙} with and without TBF respectively. Although these results are much below the ones required by observations of astrophysics, they are in agreement with the previous works based on Brueckner–Hartree–Fock (BHF) approach as well as other non-relativistic potential models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Effect of choosing the Q{sub α}-values and daughter density distributions on the magic numbers predicted by α decays

We investigated the effects of choosing the α-decay energy (Q{sub α}) and particular density distributions of the daughter nuclei on predicting unknown magic numbers, or confirming some of them. The Q{sub α} values were calculated using three models, namely the finite-range droplet model (FRDM), the Weizsäcker–Skyrme (WS4) mass model, and a recent fitting formula. The α-decay half-lives (T{sub α}) of superheavy nuclei of Z = 118–124 have been calculated within the generalized density-dependent cluster model. The double-folding α+core potential was determined based on the M3Y-Reid nucleon–nucleon interaction. We have used the two-parameter Fermi distribution to represent the nuclear density, with four sets of parameters that were determined based on electron scattering data and different microscopic calculations. Upon investigating the relative stability of the mentioned superheavy isotopic chains, we found that the Q{sub α}-values deduced from FRDM and WS4 models predict different neutron magic numbers. The examined fitting formula failed to predict any magic number larger than N = 162. Under normalization to the proton and neutron (N) numbers, the different choices of the density distributions showed almost no effect on the general behavior of T{sub α} with N, but changed its values up to one order of magnitude. Even though the maxima and minima of T{sub α} clearly follow the characteristic minima and maxima of Q{sub α}, respectively, the results showed that precise density distribution and deformations, in addition to a correct preformation probability, are necessarily required for estimating an accurate value of the half-life.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Efficacy of the symmetry-adapted basis for ab initio nucleon-nucleus interactions for light- and intermediate-mass nuclei

We study the efficacy of a new ab initio framework that combines the symmetry-adapted (SA) no-core shell-model approach with the resonating group method (RGM) for unified descriptions of nuclear structure and reactions. We obtain ab initio neutron-nucleus interactions for 4 He, 16 O, and 20 Ne targets, starting with realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials. We discuss the effect of increasing model space sizes and symmetry-based selections on the SA-RGM norm and direct potential kernels, as well as on phase shifts, which are the input to calculations of cross sections. We demonstrate the efficacy of the SA basis and its scalability with particle numbers and model space dimensions, with a view toward ab initio descriptions of nucleon scattering and capture reactions up through the medium-mass region.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗