Job creation and energy savings through a transition to modern off-grid lighting
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Mills, Evan↗
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Off-Grid Solid-State Agricultural Lighting Phase 1 Final Report
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floriculture↗
Solar Street Lighting: Highland Park Pathways to Power [Slides]
Through the Communities LEAP (Local Energy Action Program) Pilot, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) engaged the Highland Park Stakeholder Coalition to scope four technical assistance work areas to address their energy needs and goals. This slide deck addresses the highlighted tasks under work area "A" related to the city's streetlights. Due to economic collapse, the City of Highland Park negotiated repossession of it's neighborhood streetlights to help pay its debt to its power provider, DTE. Without street lighting on residential streets, public safety was at risk. Local community-based-organization, Soulardarity, began installing off-grid solar street lights to improve visibility for vehicles and pedestrians in Highland Parks neighborhoods. Residents and leaders of the community who served on the Communities LEAP Coalition requested NREL review a financial model Soulardarity proposed to operate a city-wide solar streetlighting program on the City's behalf. The coalition also requested NREL identify examples of similar implemented city-wide solar street lighting programs.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Holy Cross Project Community Development and Climate Action Center
The objective of this project is to install the building infrastructure, renewable energy, energy efficiency and rainwater capture elements for the Holy Cross Project’s Climate Action Center in New Orleans, Louisiana. This report highlights the completion of integrated design, installation of roofing and solar PV elements, installation of hot water elements powered by solar PV system, installation of water catchment and purification elements, installation of energy efficient lighting elements, installation of energy efficient HVAC and insulation elements, installation of energy efficient windows and fans, and education and outreach at Global Green’s Climate Action Center.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
Powering a Home with Just 25 Watts of Solar PV. Super-Efficient Appliances Can Enable Expanded Off-Grid Energy Service Using Small Solar Power Systems
Highly efficient direct current (DC) appliances have the potential to dramatically increase the affordability of off-grid solar power systems used for rural electrification in developing countries by reducing the size of the systems required. For example, the combined power requirement of a highly efficient color TV, four DC light emitting diode (LED) lamps, a mobile phone charger, and a radio is approximately 18 watts and can be supported by a small solar power system (at 27 watts peak, Wp). Price declines and efficiency advances in LED technology are already enabling rapidly increased use of small off-grid lighting systems in Africa and Asia. Similar progress is also possible for larger household-scale solar home systems that power appliances such as lights, TVs, fans, radios, and mobile phones. When super-efficient appliances are used, the total cost of solar home systems and their associated appliances can be reduced by as much as 50%. The results vary according to the appliances used with the system. These findings have critical relevance for efforts to provide modern energy services to the 1.2 billion people worldwide without access to the electrical grid and one billion more with unreliable access. However, policy and market support are needed to realize rapid adoption of super-efficient appliances.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Sizing Small-Scale Renewable Energy Systems for the Navajo Nation and Rural Communities
The Navajo Nation consists of about 55,000 residential homes spread across 27,000 square miles of trust land in the Southwest region of the United States. The Navajo Tribal Utility Authority (NTUA) reports that approximately 15,000 homes on the reservation do not have electricity due to the high costs of connecting rural homes located miles from utility distribution lines. In order to get these rural homeowners access electricity, NTUA and other Native owned companies are examining small-scale renewable energy systems to provide power for necessary usage such as lighting and refrigeration. The goal of this study is to evaluate the current renewable deployment efforts and provide additional considerations for photovoltaic (PV) systems that will optimize performance and improve efficiency to reduce costs. There are three case studies presented in different locations on the Navajo Nation with varying solar resource and energy load requirements. For each location, an assessment is completed that includes environmental parameters of the site- specific landscape and a system performance analysis of an off-grid residential PV system. The technical process, repeated for each location, demonstrates how the variance and uniqueness of each household can impact the system requirements after optimizations are applied. Therefore, the household variabilities and difference in locations must be considered. The differing results of each case study suggests additional analysis is needed for designing small-scale PV systems that takes a home-land-family specific approach to allow for better efficiency and more flexibility for future solar innovations to be considered for overall cost reductions.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Micro heat pipe nuclear reactor concepts: Analysis of fuel cycle performance and environmental impacts
The demand for more practical and innovative nuclear reactor designs capable of providing clean energy to meet new global demands is revolutionizing the nuclear industry. Here, we present the fuel cycle and neutronics analysis of a design expected to be similar to the Westinghouse eVinci™ heat pipe (HP) reactor. The concept considered here uses low enriched urania rods and potassium liquid metal-cooled HPs to remove heat from the core. The fuel and HPs are contained in steel monolith to form the core which is surrounded by an alumina reflector. There is no need for forced circulation to remove heat from the active core region, thus eliminating the use of pumps, valves and tube piping. The concept is designed to operate safely and provide a reliable autonomous power supply in support of off-grid missions. This study shows that the HP reactor design can operate for more than 10 years without refueling. Further, we show that the current design of the HP reactor concept is best suited to serve as a nuclear battery rather than a centralized power source. We also studied the nuclear fuel cycle performance of the HP reactor concept in a once-through fuel cycle. The natural resource utilization, waste output, and environmental impact, as defined in a reference study from the literature, did not perform as well on a GWe per year energy basis compared to light water reactors with less than 5% enriched uranium in a once-through fuel cycle. Parasitic absorption in the steel monolith structure and neutron leakage lower the reactivity of the core, which decreases the discharge burnup of the fuel. Finally, analysis of modifications of the monolith material and size of the reference core configuration showed that the neutron leakage impact on the small sized HP core is the most limiting factor on the fuel cycle performance.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗