Results for “open scholarship”

DOE OSTI2021

The case for free and open source software in research and scholarship

Free and open source software (FOSS) is any computer program released under a licence that grants users rights to run the program for any purpose, to study it, to modify it, and to redistribute it in original or modified form. Here, our aim is to explore the intersection between FOSS and computational reproducibility. We begin by situating FOSS in relation to other ‘open’ initiatives, and specifically open science, open research, and open scholarship. In this context, we argue that anyone who actively contributes to the research process today is a computational researcher, in that they use computers to manage and store information. We then provide a primer to FOSS suitable for anyone concerned with research quality and sustainability—including researchers in any field, as well as support staff, administrators, publishers, funders, and so on. Next, we illustrate how the notions introduced in the primer apply to resources for scientific computing, with reference to the GNU Scientific Library as a case study. We conclude by discussing why the common interpretation of ‘open source’ as ‘open code’ is misplaced, and we use this example to articulate the role of FOSS in research and scholarship today.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2025

The Journal of Open Source Software (JOSS): Bringing Open-Source Software Practices to the Scholarly Publishing Community for Authors, Reviewers, Editors, and Publishers

Open-source software (OSS) is a critical component of open science, but contributions to the OSS ecosystem are systematically undervalued in the current academic system. The Journal of Open Source Software (JOSS) contributes to addressing this by providing a venue (that is itself free, diamond open access, and all open-source, built in a layered structure using widely available elements/services of the scholarly publishing ecosystem) for publishing OSS, run in the style of OSS itself. A particularly distinctive element of JOSS is that it uses open peer review in a collaborative, iterative format, unlike most publishers. Additionally, all the components of the process—from the reviews to the papers to the software that is the subject of the papers to the software that the journal runs—are open. We describe JOSS’s history and its peer review process using an editorial bot, and we present statistics gathered from JOSS’s public review history on GitHub showing an increasing number of peer reviewed papers each year. We discuss the new JOSSCast and use it as a data source to understand reasons why interviewed authors decided to publish in JOSS. JOSS’s process differs significantly from traditional journals, which has impeded JOSS’s inclusion in indexing services such as Web of Science. In turn, this discourages researchers within certain academic systems, such as Italy’s, which emphasize the importance of Web of Science and/or Scopus indexing for grant applications and promotions. JOSS is a fully diamond open-access journal with a cost of around US$\$$5 per paper for the 401 papers published in 2023. The scalability of running JOSS with volunteers and financing JOSS with grants and donations is discussed.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗

DOE OSTI2024

Student Support for the “Frontiers in Attosecond & Ultrafast X-ray Science” School

The new millennium witnessed two revolutionary breakthroughs in ultrafast x-ray science: table-top XUV sources based on high harmonic generation in gases ushered in the attosecond era while facility-based x-ray free-electron lasers opened the path for intense, femtosecond hard x-rays. This award requested scholarship funds for a 2019 and 2023 School whose prime objective was the training of young scientists in these emerging complementary areas both relevant to DOE BES mission. The school entitled the “Frontiers of Attosecond and Ultrafast X-ray Science (FAXS)” (http://www.erice-attosecond.it/) was the second and fourth in a series, which began in 2017. The two Schools were held during March 10-16, 2019 and March 26-31, 2023 at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture (http://www.ccsem.infn.it/) in Erice, Sicily. The DOE funds supported the registration fee for young scientists (graduate students and postdocs) from US institutions. The registration fees included School participation, lodging and meals over the duration of the School. Note, the third addition of the School was held in 2022 as a virtual event due to the pandemic, DOE funds were not necessary for this event. The FAXS School is a course of the 62th and 63rd International School of Quantum Electronics under the directorship of Prof. Diederik Wiersma (University of Florence). The Directors for the FAXS School are Louis DiMauro (The Ohio State University, USA) and Mauro Nisoli (Politecnico di Milano, Italy). The FAXS School program consisted of approximately 10 lectures by leading experts in attosecond and x-ray science (see attached list). Most lecturers delivered a series of three 1-hour lectures. The lecturers were required to spend the full 5 days at the school so to promote interaction with the students. The Erice Majorana Center venue accommodated ~75 young scientists. The registration fee covered the cost of participating in the school, lodging and meals for the entire duration of the school. The schedule consisted of lectures every morning and afternoon except for one afternoon that was reserved for an archaeological excursion. Every evening had a student/postdoc poster session and social gatherings at the Majorana Center to encourage further interaction of all participants and lecturers. The two FAXS Schools attracted an international group of young scientists. The DOE funds supported the registration fee for 11 students/postdocs from US institutions (5 supported in 2019 and 6 supported in 2023). The management of the DOE fellowships were administered through the Research Foundation of The Ohio State University. FAXS scholarships for European students/postdocs were provided by European funding sources administered by co-Director, Prof. Nisoli. All students/postdocs were encouraged to present a poster. Travel expenses to the FAXS School were the responsibility of the student/postdoc home institution.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Understanding the Mechanisms of Self-Organization in Atmospheric Pressure DC Glows

One of the most challenging areas in atmospheric pressure plasmas is controlling uniformity and contact area. Indeed it is this problem which is closely related to scale up that has impeded the widespread applications of these plasmas. The atmospheric pressure plasma glow is a type of atmospheric pressure discharge akin to a traditional low pressure glow particularly when compared with discharge morphology. But this is where the similarities end. Unlike low pressure glows, atmospheric pressure glows do not rely on electrode processes such as secondary electron emission to make the discharge self-sustaining, rather the discharge is sustained by typically processes such as the presence of a resistive layer or through favorable atomic collisional processes such as that which prevail in helium that stabilizes the discharge so that the thermal instability is mitigated. These discharges can feature either solid metal electrodes or geometries where at least one electrode is a liquid water electrolyte. Regardless of the implementation, DC 1 Atm glows are fascinating in that the plasma attachment under certain conditions can self-organize. The attachment surface area therefore changes as a result. Therefore, self-organization could be the key to optimizing plasma contact area and thereby open the door to applications in the real world. The plasma physical processes prevailing at the surface where the self-organization takes place remain largely unexplored. There is very little published research on the conditions that prevail at the surface and virtually no scholarship on measured plasma parameters of the self-organized attachments themselves or the surface electric field. This effort breaks new ground by elucidating these largely unexplored physical processes.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

LA100 Equity Strategies. Chapter 4: Lessons Learned and Options for Community Engagement in Los Angeles

The LA100 Equity Strategies project synthesizes community guidance with robust research, modeling, and analysis to identify strategy options that can increase equitable outcomes in Los Angeles' clean energy transition. Grounded in the analysis of past and ongoing energy inequities and engagement with underserved communities, the project presents community-guided strategies that aim to operationalize recognition and procedural justice. Building on the community-identified problems and solutions, and the analysis of the 11 strategies described in Chapter 3, this chapter continues to focus on the solution space through the lens of recognition and procedural justice. It centers the role of community engagement in energy utility planning and project development with a specific focus on how the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) can engage and work equitably with Los Angeles communities to cocreate a clean and just energy future for LA. LA100 Equity Strategies is rooted in the crucial role community engagement plays in restructuring the energy systems of cities, states, and nations. Scholarship on wind, solar, and other transitional energy technologies and projects has documented that such engagement is commonly used as a top-down mechanism for adapting social practices to fit new technological innovations. Yet, understanding how the clean energy transition - with related changes in technologies, infrastructures, practices, and costs - will fit equitably into the existing socio-political context is a challenge that requires substantive collaboration with local communities. Any form of community engagement opens up government officials and utilities to opposition from their public. Meaningful engagement methods turn such dissent into a strength, embracing critical feedback - particularly from communities historically excluded from decision-making - as contributing to more grounded design and effective implementation. Leveraging this collaborative model to further rectify past and ongoing inequities in the social, cultural, and institutional scaffolding of LA, this chapter presents options and methods to support LADWP in launching a just and equitable clean energy transition. We approach community engagement as a critical process linking recognition, procedural, and distributional justice, outlining how LADWP could learn from past engagement, coordinate such knowledge organization-wide, and use engagement as a key tool for achieving energy justice and equity.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2023

LA100 Equity Strategies. Chapter 5: Low-Income Energy Bill Equity and Affordability

The LA100 Equity Strategies project synthesizes community guidance with robust research, modeling, and analysis to identify strategy options that can increase equitable outcomes in Los Angeles' clean energy transition. Grounded in the analysis of past and ongoing energy inequities and engagement with underserved communities, the project presents community-guided strategies that aim to operationalize recognition and procedural justice. Building on the community-identified problems and solutions, and the analysis of the 11 strategies described in Chapter 3, this chapter continues to focus on the solution space through the lens of recognition and procedural justice. It centers the role of community engagement in energy utility planning and project development with a specific focus on how the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) can engage and work equitably with Los Angeles communities to cocreate a clean and just energy future for LA. LA100 Equity Strategies is rooted in the crucial role community engagement plays in restructuring the energy systems of cities, states, and nations. Scholarship on wind, solar, and other transitional energy technologies and projects has documented that such engagement is commonly used as a top-down mechanism for adapting social practices to fit new technological innovations. Yet, understanding how the clean energy transition - with related changes in technologies, infrastructures, practices, and costs - will fit equitably into the existing socio-political context is a challenge that requires substantive collaboration with local communities. Any form of community engagement opens up government officials and utilities to opposition from their public. Meaningful engagement methods turn such dissent into a strength, embracing critical feedback - particularly from communities historically excluded from decision-making - as contributing to more grounded design and effective implementation. Leveraging this collaborative model to further rectify past and ongoing inequities in the social, cultural, and institutional scaffolding of LA, this chapter presents options and methods to support LADWP in launching a just and equitable clean energy transition. We approach community engagement as a critical process linking recognition, procedural, and distributional justice, outlining how LADWP could learn from past engagement, coordinate such knowledge organization-wide, and use engagement as a key tool for achieving energy justice and equity.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

NASA NTRS2021

A Short Glossary of Inclusive Language

Words matter—that old adage that many of us may have heard as children, Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me, is a harmful fallacy. In reality, the language we use has tremendous power to alienate, exclude, deride, humiliate, and wound. On the other hand, thoughtful use of language can signal openness, inclusivity, admiration, and celebration, or simply be an expression of empathy and care for our fellow humans. As part of The Oceanography Society (TOS) Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Committee’s series of columns in Oceanography, here we provide a glossary of terms that are often used while discussing topics such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity. It should be explicitly stated that this list is neither definitive nor exhaustive. Indeed, the terms included here are likely heavily influenced by the authors’ own lived experiences and the lenses through which we see the world. Language is a living entity, a fluid social construct subject to rapid changes and overlaid with regional nuances. Indeed, what may be accurate and acceptable terminology for one person may be entirely unacceptable for another. Keeping this in mind, the following glossary is an attempt to group together some of the acronyms and phrases that are most commonly used today in social justice studies and bodies of work and that may have particular relevance to our community of ocean-related scientists, technologists, and stakeholders. We have borrowed heavily from a wide range of excellent existing scholarship and activism and have cited all sources used. We encourage the reader to follow the links to these multimedia resources and, perhaps, use them as teaching and discussion materials with your students, colleagues, and mentees. Finally, it is our hope that this glossary, along with the links provided to more comprehensive definitions and discussions, helps to define terms that you may have heard used, but not understood, and that it will serve to remind us of the power of the words we use in our everyday professional and personal lives. We begin by defining the very words that form the name of our committee: Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI)

Susanne E. Craig↗

DOE OSTI2025

Opening doors to physical sample tracking and attribution in Earth and environmental sciences

Physical samples and their associated data and metadata underpin scientific discoveries across disciplines and can enable new science when appropriately archived. However, there are significant gaps in current practices and infrastructure that prevent accurate provenance tracking, reproducibility, and attribution. For most samples, descriptive metadata are often sparse, inaccessible, or absent. Samples and associated data and metadata may also be scattered across numerous physical collections, data repositories, laboratories, data files, and papers with no clear linkage or provenance tracking as new information is generated over time. The Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) Physical Samples Curation Cluster has therefore developed guidance for scientific authors on ‘Publishing Open Research Using Physical Samples.’ This involved synthesizing existing practices, gathering community feedback, and assessing real-world examples. We identified improvements needed to enable authors to efficiently cite and link Earth science samples and related data, and track their use. Our goal is to help improve discoverability, interoperability, and reuse of physical samples, and associated data and metadata. Though primarily focused on the needs of Earth and environmental sciences, these guidelines are broadly applicable.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗