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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records

Progressive Tree-Based Compression of Large-Scale Particle Data

Scientific simulations and observations using particles have been creating large datasets that require effective and efficient data reduction to store, transfer, and analyze. However, current approaches either compress only small data well while being inefficient for large data, or handle large data but with insufficient compression. Toward effective and scalable compression/decompression of particle positions, we introduce new kinds of particle hierarchies and corresponding traversal orders that quickly reduce reconstruction error while being fast and low in memory footprint. Our solution to compression of large-scale particle data is a flexible block-based hierarchy that supports progressive, random-access, and error-driven decoding, where error estimation heuristics can be supplied by the user. For low-level node encoding, we introduce new schemes that effectively compress both uniform and densely structured particle distributions. Our proposed methods thus target all three phases of a tree-based particle compression pipeline, namely tree construction, tree traversal, and node encoding. In conclusion, the improved efficacy and flexibility of these methods over existing compressors are demonstrated through extensive experimentation, using a wide range of scientific particle datasets.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Processing Particle Data Flows with SmartNICs

Many distributed applications implement complex data flows and need a flexible mechanism for routing data between producers and consumers. Recent advances in programmable network interface cards, or SmartNICs, represent an opportunity to offload data-flow tasks into the network fabric, thereby freeing the hosts to perform other work. System architects in this space face multiple questions about the best way to leverage SmartNICs as processing elements in data flows. In this paper, we advocate the use of Apache Arrow as a foundation for implementing data-flow tasks on SmartNICs. We report on our experiences adapting a partitioning algorithm for particle data to Apache Arrow and measure the on-card processing performance for the BlueField-2 SmartNIC. Our experiments confirm that the BlueField-2’s (de)compression hardware can have a significant impact on in-transit workflows where data must be unpacked, processed, and repacked.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Variable rate neural compression for sparse detector data

Particle colliders produce data at extraordinary rates, posing major challenges for transmission and storage. High-throughput compression algorithms are therefore essential. In the sPHENIX experiment taking data at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, a time projection chamber records three-dimensional (3D) particle trajectories that are highly sparse, making conventional learning-free lossy compression ineffective. Convolutional neural networks have surpassed traditional methods in compression ratio and accuracy. However, they fail to exploit sparsity for efficiency. To address these gaps, we present BCAE-VS, a bicephalous convolutional autoencoder with variable compression ratio for sparse data, which adapts compression to input complexity through key-point identification and sparse convolution. BCAE-VS achieves higher accuracy and compression ratios than prior neural approaches while being orders of magnitude smaller. Moreover, its throughput increases with sparsity—a property not observed in other methods. Although it was developed for collider experiments, BCAE-VS readily extends to other sparse data domains, such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensing and 3D microscopy.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

A Comprehensive Northern Hemisphere Particle Microphysics Data Set From the Precipitation Imaging Package

Microphysical observations of precipitating particles are critical data sources for numerical weather prediction models and remote sensing retrieval algorithms. However, obtaining coherent data sets of particle microphysics is challenging as they are often unindexed, distributed across disparate institutions, and have not undergone a uniform quality control process. This work introduces a unified, comprehensive Northern Hemisphere particle microphysical data set from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration precipitation imaging package (PIP), accessible in a standardized data format and stored in a centralized, public repository. Data is collected from 10 measurement sites spanning 34° latitude (37°N–71°N) over 10 years (2014–2023), which comprise a set of 1,070,000 precipitating minutes. The provided data set includes measurements of a suite of microphysical attributes for both rain and snow, including distributions of particle size, vertical velocity, and effective density, along with higher-order products including an approximation of volume-weighted equivalent particle densities, liquid equivalent snowfall, and rainfall rate estimates. The data underwent a rigorous standardization and quality assurance process to filter out erroneous observations to produce a self-describing, scalable, and achievable data set. Case study analyses demonstrate the capabilities of the data set in identifying physical processes like precipitation phase-changes at high temporal resolution. Bulk precipitation characteristics from a multi-site intercomparison also highlight distinct microphysical properties unique to each location. This curated PIP data set is a robust database of high-quality particle microphysical observations for constraining future precipitation retrieval algorithms, and offers new insights toward better understanding regional and seasonal differences in bulk precipitation characteristics.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Python package for machine-readable access to PDG data (PDG Python API) v0.1

This Python package implements a high-level interface to access the data published by the Particle Data Group (PDG) in the Review of Particle Physics (the "Review"). The Particle Data Group is an international collaboration led by the PDG group at LBNL. The PDG summarizes the established knowledge in the field of particle physics in a single publication, the Review of Particle Physics. The Review is published and updated online (see https://pdg.lbl.gov) each year, and published in a scientific journal every other year. It is currently licensed under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license. In 2021 PDG was designated by the Office of Science as a SC PuRe Data Resource. The Review is one of the most highly cited publications in the field of particle physics. The PDG Python API is part of PDG's efforts to make all data provided in the Review available in machine-readable format. This data includes the PDG world averages (or best limits) on particle masses, widths or lifetimes, branching fractions, magnetic moments, form factors, coupling constant ratios, and searches, as well as particle quantum numbers. It also includes detailed information on how PDG arrived at its averages, such as e.g. tables of published measurements with comments and footnotes, information on the consistency of published measurements, and detailed fit information.

Beringer, Juerg↗

An interactive machine learning platform for analyzing multi-particle coincidence data from cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy

We present SCULPT (Supervised Clustering and Uncovering Latent Patterns with Training), a comprehensive software platform for analyzing tabulated high-dimensional multi-particle coincidence data from Cold Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy (COLTRIMS) experiments. The software addresses critical challenges in modern momentum spectroscopy by integrating advanced machine learning techniques with physics-informed analysis in an interactive web-based environment. SCULPT implements uniform manifold approximation and projection for non-linear dimensionality reduction to reveal correlations in high-dimensional data. We also discuss potential extensions to deep autoencoders for feature learning and genetic programming for automated discovery of physically meaningful observables. A novel adaptive confidence scoring system provides quantitative reliability assessments by evaluating user-selected clustering quality metrics with predefined weights that reflect each metric’s robustness. The platform features configurable molecular profiles for different experimental systems, interactive visualization with selection tools, and comprehensive data filtering capabilities. Utilizing a subset of SCULPT’s capabilities, we analyze photo-double-ionization data measured using the COLTRIMS method for three-body dissociation of the D 2 O molecule, revealing distinct fragmentation channels and their correlations with physics parameters. The software’s modular architecture and web-based implementation make it accessible to the broader atomic and molecular physics community, significantly reducing the time required for complex multi-dimensional analyses. This opens the door to finding and isolating rare events exhibiting non-linear correlations on the fly during experimental measurements, which can help steer exploration and improve the efficiency of experiments.

Artificial neural networks↗

An introduction to the significance of sample size in particle analyses for nuclear forensics and radiological investigations

Particulate isotopic analysis in nuclear forensics has developed rapidly during the past two decades due to technical advances in determining the isotopic composition of individual particles. This paper introduces basic statistical concepts that can be applied by analysts to understand the importance of statistical adequacy when interpretating particle data. While these basic statistical methods provide a useful point-of-entry to particle data analysis, more sophisticated statistical and modeling approaches are needed to extract maximal information from such datasets in the future.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗

Search for the 𝑌⁡(2175) in the Photoproduction Cross Section Measurement of 𝛾⁢𝑝 → 𝜙⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 − ⁢𝑝 at GlueX

Based on 334 pb −1 of photoproduction data collected with the GlueX detector at Jefferson Lab, we have measured for the first time the cross section of the exclusive reaction 𝛾+𝑝→𝜙⁡(1020)⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 − ⁢𝑝 by reconstructing the final state 𝐾 +⁢ 𝐾 − ⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 − ⁢𝑝 produced with a photon beam of energies between 8.0 and 11.6 GeV. Based on the measured differential cross section, we have performed a search for the strangeoniumlike exotic candidate 𝑌⁡(2175), recently renamed to 𝜙⁡(2170). This state has been reported by different 𝑒 + ⁢𝑒 − annihilation experiments and it is addressed here for the first time in a photoproduction experiment. We do not find evidence for this state when using the resonance parameters quoted by the Particle Data Group and provide upper limits on the photoproduction cross section. Instead, we find a structure at a mass of 𝑚⁡(𝜙⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 − ) = 2.24 GeV/𝑐 2 with a statistical significance of about 5⁢𝜎. The parameters of this structure differ from those quoted by the Particle Data Group for the 𝜙⁡(2170) and are consistent with a previous observation in 𝑒 + ⁢𝑒 − annihilation. In addition, there is evidence for a second structure at 1.82 GeV/𝑐 2 .

Exotic mesons↗

Mixing effects on spectroscopy and partonic observables of heavy mesons with logarithmic confining potential in a light-front quark model

Using the variational principle, we systematically investigate the mass spectra and wave functions of both 1⁢𝑆 and 2⁢𝑆 state heavy pseudoscalar (𝑃) and vector (𝑉) mesons within the light-front quark model. This approach incorporates a Coulomb plus logarithmic confinement potential to accurately describe the constituent quark and antiquark dynamics. Additionally, spin hyperfine interactions are introduced perturbatively to compute the masses of pseudoscalar and vector mesons. The present analyses of the 1⁢𝑆 and 2⁢𝑆 states require the consideration of mixing between them to account for empirical constraints. These constraints include the mass gap Δ⁢𝑀 𝑃 >Δ⁢𝑀 𝑉 , where Δ⁢𝑀 𝑃⁡(𝑉) =𝑀$^{2⁢𝑆}_{𝑃⁡(𝑉)}$−𝑀$^{1⁢𝑆}_{𝑃⁡(𝑉)}$ and the hierarchy of the decay constants 𝑓 1⁢𝑆 >𝑓 2⁢𝑆 . We find the optimal value of the mixing angle to be 𝜃 =1⁢8°, significantly enhancing the consistency between our spectroscopic predictions and the experimental data compiled by the Particle Data Group. Furthermore, based on the predicted mass, the newly observed resonance 𝐵 𝐽⁡ (5840) could be assigned as a 2 1⁢ 𝑆 0 state in the 𝐵 meson family. The study also reports various pertinent observables, including twist-two distribution amplitudes, electromagnetic form factors, charge radii, 𝜉 moments, and transition form factors that are found to be consistent with both available lattice simulations and experimental data. In addition, our predicted branching ratios for the channels of 𝐵 + →𝜏 + ⁢𝜈 𝜏 as well as rare decays of 𝐵 0 and 𝐵$^0_𝑠$ appear in accordance with experimental data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Calculating beam extinction in a pulsed proton beam using FPGA-based peak detection

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab imposes stringent requirements on the elimination of out-of-time beam in its pulsed proton beam, a requirement known as “extinction”. Utilizing a new μTCA-based FPGA data acquisition system, we recorded live particle data from scattered particles incident on an array of quartz Cherenkov radiators and photomultiplier tubes to measure the extinction in the inter-pulse gaps in the pulsed proton beam. Minuscule errors in the derived signal period can make a measurement of the extinction impossible, so after taking a Fourier transform, further optimizations on the period were done based on the assumption that the signal period is stable over the full time of the beam spill while it is being resonantly extracted. After these optimizations, the beam extinction was shown to be on the level of 10^3.

Hensley, Ryan [UC, Davis]↗

Light Elements $R$-matrix Analyses with the SAMMY code towards the Foundation of Charged-particle Nuclear Data Libraries [Slides]

This presentation covers newly developed SAMMY module for inverse channel transformation. Additionally covered is the R-matrix analysis of 7 Be compound nucleus and the R-­matrix analysis of 17 O compound nucleus. Further touched on is the evaluated Nuclear Data File generation and processing with the AMPX code. The presentation concludes with talks on future evaluation work and tests on light nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗