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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

WholeTraveler Anonymized Data Phase 2

Phase 2 of the WholeTraveler study consisted of a global positioning system (GPS) data collection. Phase 2 started immediately after the completion of the Phase 1 survey for any respondent who opted into Phase 2. The raw locational data collected have been processed into identified "trips" and some of those trips into identified "trip chains." Data from Phase 1 and Phase 2 are linked by a unique respondent identifier. Anonymized versions of the Phase 1 and Phase 2 data are both available on Livewire.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) from Coal Mine Drainage, Phase 2

Phase 1 research identified a two-step refining train, acid leaching of AMD precipitate feed followed by solvent extraction (SX), to produce a 2% TREE product. For the Phase 2 bench scale system, the objective was to get the acid leaching step to operate in batch-mode with sufficient storage capacity to feed an aqueous, enriched REE liquor to a pilot SX plant operating in continuous-mode at a feed rate capable of producing 3 g/hr 2% TREE. Important process variables included feed rate, extractant makeup, flowsheet configuration, and stripping conditions. Operating parameters were optimized through a feedback-capable SCADA system configured for the SX bench scale plant. These conditions were met and exceeded. TREE grades approaching 90% were produced while our Techno-Economic Assessment indicated highly favorable economic returns. The project led to the design of a pilot facility for producing roughly 500 kg/TREE/year. That plant is now in the procurement stage with constructed expected to begin in late 2020.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2020

Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) from Coal Mine Drainage, Phase 2

Phase 1 research identified a two-step refining train, acid leaching of AMD precipitate feed followed by solvent extraction (SX), to produce a 2% TREE product. For the Phase 2 bench scale system, the objective was to get the acid leaching step to operate in batch-mode with sufficient storage capacity to feed an aqueous, enriched REE liquor to a pilot SX plant operating in continuous-mode at a feed rate capable of producing 3 g/hr 2% TREE. Important process variables included feed rate, extractant makeup, flowsheet configuration, and stripping conditions. Operating parameters were optimized through a feedback-capable SCADA system configured for the SX bench scale plant. These conditions were met and exceeded. TREE grades approaching 90% were produced while our Techno-Economic Assessment indicated highly favorable economic returns. The project led to the design of a pilot facility for producing roughly 500 kg/TREE/year. That plant is now in the procurement stage with constructed expected to begin in late 2020.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2021

Prevalence of pretransition disordering in the rutile-to- CaCl 2 phase transition of GeO 2

WE report the ability to tailor a material's electronic properties using density driven disordering has emerged as a powerful route to materials design. The observation of anomalous structural and electronic behavior in the rutile to CaCl 2 phase transition in SnO 2 led to the prediction that such behavior is inherent to all oxides experiencing such a phase transition sequence [Smith et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10, 5351 (2019)]. Here, the ultrawide band gap semiconductor GeO 2 is confirmed to exhibit anomalous behavior during the rutile to CaCl 2 phase transition. A phase pure rutile GeO 2 sample synthesized under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions is probed using synchrotron diffraction and x-ray and optical spectroscopy under high pressure conditions. Density functional theory calculations show that the enthalpic barrier to displacing an oxygen along the B 1g librational mode decreases with pressure leading up to the rutile to CaCl 2 phase transition. The band structure of the distorted state shows that such oxygen displacements form small polarons.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

Emerging technologies and approaches to minimize discharges into Lake Michigan, phase 2 module 4 report.

The Great Lakes Initiative (GLI) established the new water quality-based discharge criteria for mercury (Hg), thereby increasing the need for many municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants in the region to lower the mercury in their effluents. Information on deployable technologies to satisfy these requirements for industrial and municipal dischargers in the Great lakes region is scarce. Therefore, BP funded Purdue University Calumet and Argonne to identify deployable Hg removal technologies to meet the GLI discharge criterion at its Whiting Refinery in Indiana. The joint PUC/Argonne project was divided into 2 phases. Results from Phase I and Phase II Modules 1-3 have been previously reported. This report summarizes the work done in Phase 3 Module 4, which consisted of the pilot scale testing of Hg removal technologies previously selected in Module 3. The pilot testing was an Argonne/PUC jointly directed project that was hosted at and funded by the BP refinery in Whiting, IN. As two organizations were involved in data analysis and interpretation, this report combines two independent sets of evaluations of the testing that was done, prepared respectively by Argonne and Purdue. Each organization retains sole responsibility for its respective analysis conclusions and recommendations. Based on Module 3 bench testing with pre-Effluent To Lake (pre-ETL) and clarifier effluent (CE) samples from the Whiting refinery, three different technologies were chosen for pilot testing: (1) Ultrafiltration (using GE ZeeWeed(reg sign) Technology, 0.04 {mu}m pore size and made up of PVDF) for particulate mercury removal; (2) Adsorption using Mersorb(reg sign) LW, a sulfur-impregnated activated carbon, for dissolved mercury removal if present and (3) The Blue PRO(reg sign) reactive filtration process for both particulate and dissolved (if present) mercury removal. The ultrafiltration and the Blue PRO(reg sign) reactive filtration pilot studies were done simultaneously at the BP Whiting refinery using a slipstream of wastewater taken just prior to the Effluent to lake (pre-ETL) outfall. It was the intention of this pilot testing to demonstrate proof of concept, i.e. can the discharge limits obtained at bench scale be consistently met at the pilot scale. Although Mersorb(reg sign) LW was selected for dissolved mercury removal testing, this technology was not pilot tested because of a lack of dissolved mercury in the test wastewater during the pilot study. The overall objective of this pilot testing was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the tested technologies with continuous and varying feed conditions to meet the GLI criterion (1.3 ppt). Optimization for full-scale design was outside of the scope of this work. In addition to demonstrating whether the Hg criterion can be met, information on residue generation rate, frequency of backwashing and other maintenance issues were collected to better understand the implications for a full-scale system.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2011

ITER Core Imaging X-Ray Spectrometer Conceptual Design and Performance Assessment - Phase 2

During Phase 2 of our study of the CIXS conceptual design we have tackled additional important issues that are unique to the ITER environment. These include the thermal control of the crystal and detector enclosures located in an environment with a 100-250 C ambient temperature, tritium containment, and the range of crystal and detector movement based on the need for spectral adjustments and the desire to make measurements of colder plasmas. In addressing these issues we have selected a ''Dewar''-type enclosure for the crystals and detectors. Applying realistic view factors for radiant heat and making allowance for conduction we have made engineering studies of this enclosure and showed that the cooling requirements can be solved and the temperature can be kept sufficiently constant without compromising the specification parameters of the CIXS. We have chosen a minimum 3 mm combined thickness of the six beryllium windows needed in a Dewar-type enclosure and showed that a single window of 0.5 mm thickness satisfies tritium containment requirements. For measuring the temperature in cooler ITER plasmas, we have chosen to use the K-shell lines of Fe24+. Iron is the preferred choice because its radiation can be analyzed with the identical CIXS settings used for analyzing the tungsten radiation, i.e., essentially no adjustments besides a simple crystal rotation need to be made. We have, however, included an xy{theta}-drive motor arrangement in our design for fine adjustments and full rotation of the crystal mounts.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2 (Presentation)

This presentation accompanies Phase 2 of the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study, a follow-on to Phase 1, which examined the operational impacts of high penetrations of variable renewable generation on the electric power system in the West and was one of the largest variable generation studies to date. High penetrations of variable generation can induce cycling of fossil-fueled generators. Cycling leads to wear-and-tear costs and changes in emissions. Phase 2 calculated these costs and emissions, and simulated grid operations for a year to investigate the detailed impact of variable generation on the fossil-fueled fleet. The presentation highlights the scope of the study and results.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Bagnold Dunes Campaign Phase 2: Visible/Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy of Longitudinal Ripple Sands

As part of the Phase 2 Bagnold Dune campaign at Gale Crater, Mars, constraints on the geochemistry, mineralogy, and oxidation state of pristine and disturbed linear sand ripples were made using visible/near–infrared spectral observations for comparison to Phase 1 spectra of the barchan dunes to the north. Spectra acquired by the ChemCam and Mastcam instruments (400–1,000 nm) at four Phase 2 locations revealed similar overall spectral trends between the two regions, but most Phase 2 sands were redder in the visible wavelengths. The majority of targets exhibited lower red/infrared ratios, higher ~530–nm band depths, and higher red/blue ratios than Phase 1 samples, suggesting a greater proportion of redder, fine–grained, ferric sands in Phase 2 samples. Here, this is consistent with the slightly greater proportion of hematite in Phase 2 samples as determined from CheMin analyses of the Ogunquit sands, which may reflect contamination from the surrounding hematite–bearing Murray formation bedrock.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Enhanced HLW Glass Property-Composition Models – Phase 2

As a continuation of the Phase 1 HLW model development work as part of a phased approach to enhance and expand HLW glass property-composition models, additional data were collected for the HLW glass dataset and used to revise the models developed during Phase 1. These data are for glasses that are collectively referred to as ORP-2014 glasses. The sources of additional data for the Phase 2 work included: (i) actively designed glasses formulated to support various glass studies at VSL since the completion of Phase 1; and (ii) glasses from two statistically designed matrices to supplement the existing HLW compositional space. The Phase 2 matrix design was intended to augment and improve the coverage in the high aluminum region.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

FACE-MDS Phase 2: Model Output

Model output from Phase 2 of the Free Air CO2 Enrichment Model Data Synthesis (FACE-MDS) project. Results from 12 models simulating six elevated CO2 experiments using the protocols, met data, and other data supplied in the accompanying dataset: Phase 2 Free Air CO2 Enrichment Model-Data Synthesis: Meteorological Data and Protocols. File naming convention can be found in the file 'facemds-file-table-modeldata.xml' and information about variable naming convention can be found in the file 'facemds-standard-name-table-modvars.xml'. We followed the ALMA v3 convention for meteorological variables and developed a hierarchical naming scheme for ecosystem variables. Additional info can be found in the protocols in the accompanying meteorological dataset (doi:10.15485/1480328). We replaced the original naming convention mentioned in the protocol with the one described in 'facemds-standard-name-table-modvars.xml'.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Intermittent Renewable Management Pilot Phase 2

The Intermittent Renewable Management Pilot - Phase 2 (IRM2) was designed to study the feasibility of demand-side resources to participate into the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) wholesale market as proxy demand resources (PDR). The pilot study focused on understanding the issues related with direct participation of third-parties and customers including customer acceptance; market transformation challenges (wholesale market, technology); technical and operational feasibility; and value to the rate payers, DR resource owners and the utility on providing an enabling mechanism for DR resources into the wholesale markets. The customer had the option of committing to either three contiguous hour blocks for 24 days or six contiguous hours for 12 days a month with day-ahead notification that aligned with the CAISO integrated forward market. As a result of their being available, the customer was paid $10/ kilowatt (kW)-month for capacity in addition to CAISO energy settlements. The participants were limited to no more than a 2 megawatt (MW) capacity with a six-month commitment. Four participants successfully engaged in the pilot. In this report, we provide the description of the pilot, participant performance results, costs and value to participants as well as outline some of the issues encountered through the pilot. Results show that participants chose to participate with storage and the value of CAISO settlements were significantly lower than the capacity payments provided by the utility as incentive payments. In addition, this pilot revealed issues both on the participant side and system operations side. These issues are summarized in the report.The Intermittent Renewable Management Pilot - Phase 2 (IRM2) was designed to study the feasibility of demand-side resources to participate into the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) wholesale market as proxy demand resources (PDR). The pilot study focused on understanding the issues related with direct participation of third-parties and customers including customer acceptance; market transformation challenges (wholesale market, technology); technical and operational feasibility; and value to the rate payers, DR resource owners and the utility on providing an enabling mechanism for DR resources into the wholesale markets.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Assessment of Differences in Phase 1 and Phase 2 Test Observations for Waste Treatment Plant Pulse Jet Mixer Tests with Non-Cohesive Solids

The purpose of this work was to assess the apparent discrepancy in critical suspension velocity (UCS) between M3 Phase 1 (Meyer et al. 2009) and Phase 2 testing conducted by Energy Solutions (ES) at Mid-Columbia Engineering (MCE) and to address the applicability of Phase 1 scale-up laws to Phase 2 test results. Three Phase 2 test sequences were analyzed in detail. Several sources of discrepancy were identified including differences in nominal versus actual velocity, definition of model input parameters, and definition of UCS. A remaining discrepancy was shown to not be solely an artifact of Phase 1 data correlations, but was fundamental to the tests. The non-prototypic aspects of Phase 1 testing were reviewed and assessed. The effects of non-prototypic refill associated with the closed loop operation of the jets, previously known to affect cloud height, can be described in terms of a modified settling velocity. When the modified settling velocity is incorporated into the Phase 1 “new” physical model the adjusted new physical model does a better job of predicting the Phase 2 test results. The adjusted new physical model was bench marked with data taken during three prototypic drive tests. Scale-up behavior of the Phase 1 tests was reviewed. The applicability of the Phase 1 scale-up behavior to Phase 2 prototypic testing was analyzed. The effects of non-prototypic refill caused measured values of UCS to be somewhat reduced at larger scales. Hence the scale-up exponents are believed to be smaller than they would have been had there been prototypic refill. Estimated scale-up exponents for the Phase 2 testing are 0.40 for 8-tube tests and 0.36 for 12-tube tests.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

Phase 1: Duke Energy Zero Emission Resource Integration Study (ZERIS); Phase 2: Carbon-Free Resource Integration Study for Duke Energy (Final Report)

Phase 1: This statement of work makes up Phase 1 of a larger effort. During this Phase 1 effort, NREL will work with Duke Energy to analyze the impacts of integrating significant amounts of new solar power into the Duke Energy power system under a variety of different penetrations scenarios, with a maximum of ten (10) full scenarios examined. The existing fleet, particularly the nuclear generation, will be considered in the quantitative assessments and discussions. Duke Energy is looking to quantify how much solar generation its system can handle. NREL will work with Duke Energy to quantify solar potential, identify likely integration challenges and possible opportunities for wind, storage, demand side resources and other technologies. Phase 2: This Statement of Work consists of a follow-up effort (Phase 2) to a recently completed Phase 1 modeling effort. During Phase 2, NREL will work closely with Duke Energy to analyze the impacts of integrating significant amounts of variable generation resources (wind and solar) and storage into Duke Energy's system in the Carolinas. The existing fleet, particularly nuclear generation, will be considered in the quantitative assessment and discussions. This Statement of Work also includes an extension to Phase II of the Carbon-Free Resource Integration Study for Duke Energy. In this extension, NREL will work closely with Duke Energy to extend the production cost analysis developed in Phase II to 2018 weather and load data for Duke Energy's territory. This extension leverages the modeling tools and datasets developed as part of Phase II. The analysis will compare results from Phase II (using 2012 weather and load) with 2018 results to assess system operations with increased penetration of renewables and storage. Simplifying assumptions will be made for modeling Duke Energy's neighbors in the production cost model.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Phase 2 Neoadjuvant Treatment Intensification Trials in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

Multiple phase 2 trials of neoadjuvant treatment intensification in locally advanced rectal cancer have reported promising efficacy signals, but these have not translated into improved cancer outcomes in phase 3 trials. Improvements in phase 2 trial design are needed to reduce these false-positive signals. This systematic review evaluated the design of phase 2 trials of neoadjuvant long-course radiation or chemoradiation therapy treatment intensification in locally advanced rectal cancer.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Demand Response Potential for California SubLAPs and Local Capacity Planning Areas: An Addendum to the 2025 California Demand Response Potential Study – Phase 2

The 2025 California Demand Response Potential Study Phase 2 Report1 was released on March 1, 2017, and described a range of pathways for Demand Response (DR) to support a clean, stable, and cost-effective electric grid for California. One of the Report’s key findings was that while there appears to be very low future value for untargeted DR Shed aimed at system-wide peak load conditions, there could be significant value for locally focused Shed resources. Although the dynamics of renewable capacity expansion have reduced the pressure to build new thermal generation in general, there are still transmission-constrained areas of the state where load growth needs to be managed with the addition of new local capacity, which could include DERs and/or DR. This Addendum to the Phase 2 Report presents a breakdown of the expected future “Local Shed” DR potential at a finer geographic resolution than what is available in the original report, with results summarized by SubLAP and Local Capacity Area (LCA).

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗