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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Probing the Dipole-Bound State in the 9-Phenanthrolate Anion by Photodetachment Spectroscopy, Resonant Two-Photon Photoelectron Imaging, and Resonant Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Valence-bound anions with a dipolar core can support dipole-bound states (DBSs) below the electron detachment threshold. The highly diffuse DBS observed is usually of σ symmetry with an s-like orbital. Recently, a π-type DBS was observed experimentally in the 9-anthrolate anion (9AT – ) and it was shown to be stabilized due to the large anisotropic polarizability of the 9AT core. To confirm the general existence of π-DBS and its structural dependence, here we report an investigation of the 9-phenanthrolate anion (9PT – ), which has a different structure and lower symmetry than 9AT – . Photodetachment spectroscopy revealed a DBS 257 cm -1 below the detachment threshold of 9PT – at 19,627 cm -1 (2.4334 eV). Resonant two-photon photoelectron imaging indeed showed a π symmetry for the DBS. Similar to that observed in 9AT – , the π-DBS in 9PT – is also stabilized by the anisotropic polarizability of the 9PT core and accessed via non-adiabatic population transfer from the initially populated σ-DBS. Photodetachment spectroscopy unveiled nine above-threshold vibrational resonances of the DBS, resulting in nine highly non-Franck-Condon resonant photoelectron spectra by tuning the detachment laser to the vibrational resonances. In conclusion, the combination of photodetachment spectroscopy and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy allowed frequencies for nine vibrational modes of the 9-phenathroxy radical to be measured, including the six lowest frequency bending modes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Femtosecond time-resolved XUV + UV photoelectron imaging of pure helium nanodroplets

Liquid helium nanodroplets, consisting of on average 2 × 10{sup 6} atoms, are examined using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging. The droplets are excited by an extreme ultraviolet light pulse centered at 23.7 eV photon energy, leading to states within a band that is associated with the 1s3p and 1s4p Rydberg levels of free helium atoms. The initially excited states and subsequent relaxation dynamics are probed by photoionizing transient species with a 3.2 eV pulse and using velocity map imaging to measure time-dependent photoelectron kinetic energy distributions. Significant differences are seen compared to previous studies with a lower energy (1.6 eV) probe pulse. Three distinct time-dependent signals are analyzed by global fitting. A broad intense signal, centered at an electron kinetic energy (eKE) of 2.3 eV, grows in faster than the experimental time resolution and decays in ∼100 fs. This feature is attributed to the initially excited droplet state. A second broad transient feature, with eKE ranging from 0.5 to 4 eV, appears at a rate similar to the decay of the initially excited state and is attributed to rapid atomic reconfiguration resulting in Franck-Condon overlap with a broader range of cation geometries, possibly involving formation of a Rydberg-excited (He{sub n})* core within the droplet. An additional relaxation pathway leads to another short-lived feature with vertical binding energies ≳2.4 eV, which is identified as a transient population within the lower-lying 1s2p Rydberg band. Ionization at 3.2 eV shows an enhanced contribution from electronically excited droplet states compared to ejected Rydberg atoms, which dominate at 1.6 eV. This is possibly the result of increased photoelectron generation from the bulk of the droplet by the more energetic probe photons.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

High resolution photoelectron imaging of UO{sup −} and UO{sub 2}{sup −} and the low-lying electronic states and vibrational frequencies of UO and UO{sub 2}

We report a study of the electronic and vibrational structures of the gaseous uranium monoxide and dioxide molecules using high-resolution photoelectron imaging. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained for both UO{sup −} and UO{sub 2}{sup −}. The spectra for UO{sub 2}{sup −} are consistent with, but much better resolved than a recent study using a magnetic-bottle photoelectron analyzer [W. L. Li et al., J. Chem. Phys. 140, 094306 (2014)]. The electron affinity (EA) of UO is reported for the first time as 1.1407(7) eV, whereas a much more accurate EA is obtained for UO{sub 2} as 1.1688(6) eV. The symmetric stretching modes for the neutral and anionic ground states, and two neutral excited states for UO{sub 2} are observed, as well as the bending mode for the neutral ground state. These vibrational frequencies are consistent with previous experimental and theoretical results. The stretching vibrational modes for the ground state and one excited state are observed for UO. The current results for UO and UO{sub 2} are compared with previous theoretical calculations including relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling. The accurate experimental data reported here provide more stringent tests for future theoretical methods for actinide-containing species.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

The design of double electrostatic-lens optics for resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization and photoelectron imaging experiments

Compared to single ion/electron-optics for velocity-map imaging, a double-focusing lens assembly designed not only allows for mapping velocity imaging of photoelectrons but also allows for investigating the vibrational structure of the intermediate states of neutral species in resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra. In this presentation, in order to record REMPI and photoelectron spectra separately, we have constructed a compact photoelectron velocity-map imaging (VMI) apparatus combined with an opposite linear Wiley-Mclaren time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). A mass resolution (m/Δm) of ∼1300 for TOFMS and electron energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 2.4% for VMI have been achieved upon three-photon ionization of Xe atom at 258.00 nm laser wavelength. As a benchmark, in combination of one-color (1 + 1) REMPI and photoelectron imaging of benzene via 6{sup 1} and 6{sup 1}1{sup 1} vibronic levels in the S{sub 1} state, the vibrational structures of the cation and photoelectron angular anisotropy are unraveled. In addition, two-color (1 + 1′) REMPI and photoelectron imaging of aniline was used to complete the accurate measurement of ionization potential (62 271 ± 3 cm{sup −1}). The results suggest that the apparatus is a powerful tool for studying photoionization dynamics in the photoelectron imaging using vibrational-state selected excitation to the intermediate states of neutrals based on REMPI technique.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2014

An investigation into low-lying electronic states of HCS{sub 2} via threshold photoelectron imaging

Low-energy photoelectron imaging spectra of HCS{sub 2}{sup −} are reported for the first time. Vibrationally resolved photodetachment transitions from the ground state of HCS{sub 2}{sup −} to the ground state and low-lying excited states of HCS{sub 2} are observed. Combined with the ab intio calculations and Franck-Condon simulations, well-resolved vibrational spectra demonstrate definitive evidence for the resolution of the ground-state and excited states of HCS{sub 2} radical in the gaseous phase. The ground state and two low-lying excited states of HCS{sub 2} radical are assigned as {sup 2}B{sub 2}, {sup 2}A{sub 2}, and {sup 2}A{sub 1} states, respectively. The adiabatic electron affinity is determined to be 2.910 ± 0.007 eV. And the term energies of the excited states, T{sub 0} = 0.451 ± 0.009 eV and 0.553 ± 0.009 eV, are directly measured from the experimental data, respectively. Angular filtering photoelectron spectra are carried out to assist in the spectral band assignment.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Magnetic-bottle and velocity-map imaging photoelectron spectroscopy of APS- (A = C14H10 or anthracene): electron structure, spin-orbit coupling of APS•, and dipole-bound state of APS-

Gaseous dibenzo-7-phosphanorbornadiene P-sulfide anions APS- (A = C14H10 or anthracene) were generated via electrospray ionization, and characterized by magnetic-bottle photoelectron spectroscopy, velocity-map imaging (VMI) photoelectron spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations. The electron affinity (EA) and spin-orbit splitting (SO) of the APS• radical are determined from the photoelectron spectra and Franck-Condon factor simulations to be EA = 2.62 ± 0.05 eV and SO splitting = 43 ± 7 meV. VMI photoelectron images show strong and sharp peaks near detachment threshold with an identical electron kinetic energy (eKE) of 17.9 meV at three different detachment wavelengths, which are therefore assigned due to autodetachment from dipole-bound anion states. The B3LYP/6-31++g(d,p) calculations indicate APS• has a dipole moment of 3.31 Debye, large enough to support a dipole-bound electron.

Dibenzo-7-phosphanorbornadiene P-sulfide, electron↗
DOE OSTI2014

Probing the electronic and vibrational structure of Au{sub 2}Al{sub 2}{sup −} and Au{sub 2}Al{sub 2} using photoelectron spectroscopy and high resolution photoelectron imaging

The electronic and vibrational structures of Au{sub 2}Al{sub 2}{sup −} and Au{sub 2}Al{sub 2} have been investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), high-resolution photoelectron imaging, and theoretical calculations. Photoelectron spectra taken at high photon energies with a magnetic-bottle apparatus reveal numerous detachment transitions and a large energy gap for the neutral Au{sub 2}Al{sub 2}. Vibrationally resolved PE spectra are obtained using high-resolution photoelectron imaging for the ground state detachment transition of Au{sub 2}Al{sub 2}{sup −} at various photon energies (670.55−843.03 nm). An accurate electron affinity of 1.4438(8) eV is obtained for the Au{sub 2}Al{sub 2} neutral cluster, as well as two vibrational frequencies at 57 ± 8 and 305 ± 13 cm{sup −1}. Hot bands transitions yield two vibrational frequencies for Au{sub 2}Al{sub 2}{sup −} at 57 ± 10 and 144 ± 12 cm{sup −1}. The obtained vibrational and electronic structure information is compared with density functional calculations, unequivocally confirming that both Au{sub 2}Al{sub 2}{sup −} and Au{sub 2}Al{sub 2} possess C{sub 2v} tetrahedral structures.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

High-resolution photoelectron imaging of cold C{sub 60}{sup −} anions and accurate determination of the electron affinity of C{sub 60}

High-resolution photoelectron imaging and spectroscopy of cold C{sub 60}{sup −} anions are reported using a newly built photoelectron imaging apparatus coupled with an electrospray ionization source and a temperature-controlled cryogenic ion trap. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained for the detachment transition from the ground state of C{sub 60}{sup −} to that of C{sub 60} at various detachment wavelengths from 354.84 nm to 461.35 nm. The electron affinity of C{sub 60} is accurately measured to be 2.6835 ± 0.0006 eV. Numerous unexpected vibrational excitations are observed in the photoelectron spectra due to the Jahn-Teller effect in C{sub 60}{sup −} and Hertzberg-Teller vibronic coupling in both C{sub 60}{sup −} and C{sub 60}. Both the relative intensities of vibrational peaks and their photoelectron angular distributions provide evidence for the vibronic couplings. The observed p-wave-like behavior in the angular distribution of the 0{sub 0}{sup 0} transition suggests that the electron is detached from an s-type orbital.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Communication: Observation of dipole-bound state and high-resolution photoelectron imaging of cold acetate anions

We report the observation of a dipole-bound state and a high-resolution photoelectron imaging study of cryogenically cooled acetate anions (CH{sub 3}COO{sup −}). Both high-resolution non-resonant and resonant photoelectron spectra via the dipole-bound state of CH{sub 3}COO{sup −} are obtained. The binding energy of the dipole-bound state relative to the detachment threshold is determined to be 53 ± 8 cm{sup −1}. The electron affinity of the CH{sub 3}COO neutral radical is measured accurately as 26 236 ± 8 cm{sup −1} (3.2528 ± 0.0010 eV) using high-resolution photoelectron imaging. This accurate electron affinity is validated by observation of autodetachment from two vibrational levels of the dipole-bound state of CH{sub 3}COO{sup −}. Excitation spectra to the dipole-bound states yield rotational profiles, allowing the rotational temperature of the trapped CH{sub 3}COO{sup −} anions to be evaluated.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Probing the electronic structure and spectroscopy of pyrrolyl and imidazolyl radicals using high-resolution photoelectron imaging of cryogenically cooled anions

High-resolution photoelectron imaging and photodetachment spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled pyrrolide and imidazolide anions are used to probe the electronic structure and spectroscopy of pyrrolyl and imidazolyl radicals. The high-resolution data allow the ground state vibronic structures of the two radicals to be completely resolved, yielding accurate electron affinities of 2.1433 ± 0.0008 eV and 2.6046 ± 0.0006 eV for pyrrolyl and imidazolyl radicals, respectively. Fundamental frequencies for eight vibrational modes of pyrrolyl and ten vibrational modes of imidazolyl are measured, including several nonsymmetric Franck–Condon-forbidden modes. Two electronic excited states are also observed for the two radicals, displaying diffuse spectral features in both systems. The observations of nonsymmetric vibrational modes in the ground states and the diffuse excited state features provide strong evidence for vibronic couplings between the ground state and the two close-by excited states. The 2-pyrrolide isomer is also observed as a minor species from the electrospray ionization source and the electron affinity of 2-pyrrolyl is measured to be 1.6690 ± 0.0030 eV along with five vibrational frequencies. Even though the HOMOs of both pyrrolide and imidazolide anions are p orbitals, photodetachment spectroscopy reveals completely different threshold behaviors for the two anions: a d-wave-dominated spectrum for pyrrolide and an s-wave-dominated spectrum for imidazolide. Furthermore, the current study provides a wealth of electronic and spectroscopic information, which is ideal to compare with more accurate vibronic coupling calculations for these two important radicals, as well as interesting information about the photodetachment dynamics of the two anions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Circular dichroism in photoelectron images from aligned nitric oxide molecules

We have used velocity map photoelectron imaging to study circular dichroism of the photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) of nitric oxide following two-color resonanceenhanced two-photon ionization via selected rotational levels of the A 2 Σ + , v' = 0 state. By using a circularly polarized pump beam and a counter-propagating, circularly polarized probe beam, cylindrical symmetry is preserved in the ionization process, and the images can be reconstructed using standard algorithms. The VMI set up enables individual ion rotational states to be resolved with excellent collection efficiency, rendering the measurements considerably simpler to perform than previous measurements conducted with a conventional photoelectron spectrometer. The results demonstrate that circular dichroism is observed even when cylindrical symmetry is maintained, and serve as a reminder that dichroism is a general feature of the multiphoton ionization of atoms and molecules. Furthermore, the observed PADs are in good agreement with calculations based on parameters extracted from previous experimental results obtained by using a time-offlight electron spectrometer.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Low-energy photoelectron imaging of HS{sub 2} anion

Low-energy photoelectron imaging of HS{sub 2}{sup −} has been investigated, which provides the vibrational frequencies of the ground state as well as the first excited state of HS{sub 2}. It allows us to determine more accurate electron affinity of HS{sub 2}, 1.9080 ± 0.0018 eV. Combined with Frank-Condon simulation, the vibrational features have been unveiled related to S-S stretching and S-S-H bending modes for the ground state and S-S stretching, S-S-H bending, and S-H stretching modes for the first excited state. Photoelectron angular distributions are mainly characteristic of electron detachment from two different molecular orbitals (MOs) in HS{sub 2}{sup −}. With the aid of accurate electron affinity value of HS{sub 2}, corresponding thermochemical quantities can be accessed.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Dipole-bound excited states and resonant photoelectron imaging of phenoxide and thiophenoxide anions

We report photodetachment and resonant photoelectron-imaging studies of cryogenically cooled phenoxide (C 6 H 5 O – ) and thiophenoxide (C 6 H 5 S – ) anions. In a previous study, a dipole-bound excited state was observed for C 6 H 5 O – at 97 cm –1 below the detachment threshold. Eight resonant photoelectron spectra were obtained via excitations to eight vibrational levels of the dipole-bound state (DBS) followed by autodetachment. In this paper, we present a complete photodetachment spectrum of C 6 H 5 O – covering a spectral range 2600 cm –1 above the detachment threshold and revealing nine additional vibrational resonances of the DBS. We also report the first observation of a dipole-bound excited state for C 6 H 5 S – , 39 cm –1 below its detachment threshold of 18 982 cm –1 . Photodetachment spectroscopy covering a spectral range 1500 cm –1 above the threshold reveals twelve vibrational resonances for the DBS of C 6 H 5 S – . By tuning the detachment laser to the vibrational resonances in the DBS of C 6 H 5 O – and C 6 H 5 S – , we obtain highly non-Franck-Condon resonant photoelectron spectra, as a result of mode-selectivity and the Δv = –1 propensity rule for vibrational autodetachment. Five new fundamental vibrational frequencies are obtained for the ground state of the C 6 H 5 O ( X 2 B 1 ) radical. Intramolecular inelastic scattering is observed in some of the resonant photoelectron spectra, leading to the excitation of the Franck-Condon-inactive lowest-frequency bending mode (ν 20 ) of C 6 H 5 O. The first excited state of C 6 H 5 O ( A 2 B 2 ) is observed to be 0.953 eV above the ground state. Twelve resonant photoelectron spectra are obtained for C 6 H 5 S – , allowing the measurements of seven fundamental vibrational frequencies of the C 6 H 5 S radical, whereas the non-resonant photoelectron spectrum exhibits only a single Franck-Condon active mode. The current study again demonstrates that the combination of photodetachment spectroscopy and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy is a powerful technique to obtain vibrational information about polar radical species.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

High-Resolution Photoelectron Imaging and Photodetachment Spectroscopy of Cryogenically Cooled IO –

We report a high-resolution photoelectron imaging and photodetachment spectroscopy study of cryogenically-cooled IO - . The high-resolution photoelectron spectra yield a more accurate electron affinity (EA) of 2.3805(5) eV for IO, as well as a more accurate spin-orbit splitting energy between the 2 Π 3/2 and 2 Π 1/2 states of IO as 2093(5) cm -1 . Photodetachment spectroscopy confirmed several excited states for the IO - anion predicted by theoretical calculations, including two valence-type excited states, the repulsive 3 Π state and a shallow bound 1 Π state. More interestingly, we have observed two vibrational resonances which are proposed to be due to a dipole-induced resonant state, about 230 cm -1 above the detachment threshold of IO - .

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Photoelectron imaging and photodissociation of ozonide in O{sub 3}{sup −} ⋅ (O{sub 2}){sub n} (n = 1-4) clusters

The photoelectron images of O{sub 3}{sup −} and O{sub 3}{sup −} ⋅ (O{sub 2}){sub n} (n = 1–4) have been measured using 3.49 eV photon energy. The spectra exhibit several processes, including direct photodetachment and photodissociation with photodetachment of O{sup −} photofragments. Several spectra also exhibit autodetachment of vibrationally excited O{sub 2}{sup −} photofragments. Comparison of the bare O{sub 3}{sup −} photoelectron spectra to that of the complexes shows that the O{sub 3}{sup −} core is preserved upon clustering with several O{sub 2} molecules, though subtle changes in the Franck-Condon profile of the ground state photodetachment transition suggest some charge transfer from O{sub 3}{sup −} to the O{sub 2} molecules. The electron affinities of the complexes increase by less than 0.1 eV with each additional O{sub 2} molecule, which is comparable to the corresponding binding energy [K. Hiraoka, Chem. Phys. 125, 439-444 (1988)]. The relative intensity of the photofragment O{sup −} detachment signal to the O{sub 3}{sup −} ⋅ (O{sub 2}){sub n} direct detachment signal increases with cluster size. O{sub 2}{sup −} autodetachment signal is only observed in the O{sub 3}{sup −}, O{sub 3}{sup −} ⋅ (O{sub 2}){sub 3}, and O{sub 3}{sup −} ⋅ (O{sub 2}){sub 4} spectra, suggesting that the energy of the dissociative state also varies with the number of O{sub 2} molecules present in the cluster.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of MoC{sup −} and NbN{sup −} diatomic anions: A comparative study

The isoeletronic diatomic MoC{sup −} and NbN{sup −} anions have been prepared by laser ablation and studied by photoelectron imaging spectroscopy combined with quantum chemistry calculations. The photoelectron spectra of NbN{sup −} can be very well assigned on the basis of literature reported optical spectroscopy of NbN. In contrast, the photoelectron spectra of MoC{sup −} are rather complex and the assignments suffered from the presence of many electronically hot bands and limited information from the reported optical spectroscopy of MoC. The electron affinities of NbN and MoC have been determined to be 1.450 ± 0.003 eV and 1.360 ± 0.003 eV, respectively. The good resolution of the imaging spectroscopy provided a chance to resolve the Ω splittings of the X{sup 3}Σ{sup −} (Ω = 0 and 1) state of MoC and the X{sup 4}Σ{sup −} (Ω = 1/2 and 3/2) state of MoC{sup −} for the first time. The spin-orbit splittings of the X{sup 2}Δ state of NbN{sup −} and the a{sup 2}Δ state of MoC{sup −} were also determined. The similarities and differences between the electronic structures of the NbN and MoC systems were discussed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗