Pre-Sodiated Ti3C2Tx MXene Structure and Behavior as Electrode for Sodium-Ion Capacitors
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99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
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Deciphering the local structure of Prussian blue analogue cathodes with Raman spectroscopy for sodium-ion batteries
Iron-based Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have gained attention as low-cost, relatively higher-potential cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, due to their open 3D-framework structures. However, understanding the local structural changes is critical to unveiling the intercalation pathways and degradation mechanisms. We employ here operando Raman spectroscopy to probe the changes in the cyanide vibrational modes during cycling and degradation after cycling, which are not adequately resolved by X-ray diffraction due to the low structure factor and limited X-ray sensitivity of the cyanide groups. Vibrational spectroscopy has thus proven essential for deciphering these complex materials. Additionally, we implement pre-sodiation strategies to assess the impact of sodium inventory loss by pairing PBAs with a hard carbon anode in a full-cell configuration. Operando galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further elucidate the interface evolution and the role of water molecules in forming the cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) and solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). The insights gained advance the understanding of PBAs and enhance their practical viability.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Research Progress and Perspectives on Pre‐Sodiation Strategies for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with abundant elements have garnered significant attention from researches as a promise compensation to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the large‐scale commercial application of SIBs is partially hindered by the limited initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to the irreversible formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and intercalation into the defects in the anode. Similar to pre‐lithiation techniques, pre‐sodiation approaches are considered to be one of the most direct and effective way to compensate for the loss of active sodium at the anode side of SIBs during the initial cycle. In this context, additional sodium ions are pre‐injected to the cathode/anode material by chemical/electrochemical methods, aiming to improve battery span life and energy density. Here, this review delves into the necessity and impact of pre‐sodiation techniques, compiling the latest research progress, for instance, self‐sacrificing cathode additives, over‐sodiated cathode materials, direct contact and solution chemical pre‐sodiation. Notably, the research mechanisms underlying solution chemical pre‐sodiation are highlighted. This comprehensive overview aims to foster a deeper understanding of the pre‐sodiation techniques and expects to provide guidance for realizing the commercial application of high energy density sodium‐ion batteries.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Cathode pre-lithiation/sodiation for next-generation batteries
Electrochemical energy storage is playing a pivotal role in the global pursuit of a clean and sustainable energy future. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the state-of-the-art technology, but future energy requirements demand higher energy densities and a more diverse battery landscape to meet a wide variety of applications. Unfortunately, many next-generation LIB chemistries and beyond-LIB technologies suffer from large first-cycle irreversible capacity caused by active ion loss. The field of pre-lithiation/sodiation has recently emerged as researchers attempt to mitigate active ion loss and boost the energy density of next-generation LIBs and sodium-ion batteries. Herein, we highlight recent advances in cathode pre-lithiation/sodiation using sacrificial additives and pre-lithiation/sodiation of cathode active materials.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗