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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

How shear increments affect the flow production branching ratio in CSDX

In this study, the coupling of turbulence-driven azimuthal and axial flows in a linear device absent magnetic shear (Controlled Shear Decorrelation Experiment) is investigated. In particular, we examine the apportionment of Reynolds power between azimuthal and axial flows, and how the azimuthal flow shear affects axial flow generation and saturation by drift wave turbulence. We study the response of the energy branching ratio, i.e., ratio of axial and azimuthal Reynolds powers, P z R / P y R , to incremental changes of azimuthal and axial flow shears. We show that increasing azimuthal flow shear decreases the energy branching ratio. When axial flow shear increases, this ratio first increases but then decreases to zero. The axial flow shear saturates below the threshold for parallel shear flow instability. The effects of azimuthal flow shear on the generation and saturation of intrinsic axial flows are analyzed. Azimuthal flow shear slows down the modulational growth of the seed axial flow shear, and thus reduces intrinsic axial flow production. Azimuthal flow shear reduces both the residual Reynolds stress (of axial flow, i.e., Π x z R e s ) and turbulent viscosity ( χ z D W ) by the same factor | < v y > ' | - 2 Δ x - 2 L n - 2 ρ s 2 c s 2 , where Δ x is the distance relative to the reference point where < v y > = 0 in the plasma frame. Therefore, the stationary state axial flow shear is not affected by azimuthal flow shear to leading order since < v z > ' ~ Π x z R e s / χ z D W .

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Circulation Plasma Centrifuge with Product Flow

We have analyzed the isotope separation in a high-frequency plasma circulating centrifuge operating with a product flow. The rotation of a weakly ionized plasma is ensured by a rotating magnetic field, while the countercurrent flow (circulation) is produced by a traveling magnetic field. We have calculated the dependences of the enrichment factor and the separative power of the centrifuge on a product flow. The optimal characteristics of the separation unit have been determined.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

High efficiency continuous-flow production of radioisotopes

Methods and systems are provided for continuous-flow production of radioisotopes with high specific activity. Radioisotopes with high specific activity produced according to the methods described are also provided. The methods can include causing a liquid capture matrix to contact a target containing a target nuclide; irradiating the target with radiation, ionizing radiation, particles, or a combination thereof to produce the radionuclides that are ejected from the target and into the capture matrix; and causing the liquid capture matrix containing the radionuclides to flow from the target to recover the capture matrix containing the radionuclides with high specific activity. The methods are suitable for the production of a variety of radionuclides. For example, in some aspects the target nuclide is 237Np, and the radionuclide is 238Np that decays to produce 238Pu. In other aspects, the target nuclide is 98Mo, and the radionuclide is Mo that decays to produce 99mTc.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Financial Analysis of the 2020 Macroinvertebrate Production Flow Experiment at Glen Canyon Dam

This report was prepared by Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) in support of a financial analysis of the Glen Canyon Dam (GCD) flow experiment that was intended to support downstream macroinvertebrate production that are a primary food supply for fishes in the Colorado River. Also known as “bug flow” experiments, these experimental water releases were conducted on the weekends and holidays from the beginnings of May 2020 through the end of August 2020. This analysis was funded by the Colorado River Storage Project (CRSP) Office of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Western Area Power Administration (WAPA). CRSP markets electricity produced by hydroelectric facilities collectively known as the Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects including dams equipped for power generation on the Colorado, Green, Gunnison, and Rio Grande Rivers and on Plateau Creek in the states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Staff members in Argonne’s Energy Systems Division prepared this technical memorandum with assistance from WAPA’s CRSP and Energy Marketing and Management Offices (EMMO).

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Financial Analysis of the 2022 Macroinvertebrate Production Flow Experiment at Glen Canyon Dam

This report was prepared by Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) in support of a financial analysis of the Glen Canyon Dam (GCD) flow experiment that was intended to support downstream macroinvertebrate production that are a primary food supply for fishes in the Colorado River. Also known as “bug flow” experiments, these experimental water releases were conducted on the weekends and holidays from the beginnings of May 2022 through the end of August 2022. This analysis was funded by and prepared for the Colorado River Storage Project (CRSP) Office of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Western Area Power Administration (WAPA). CRSP markets electricity produced by hydroelectric facilities collectively known as the Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects including dams equipped for power generation on the Colorado, Green, Gunnison, and Rio Grande Rivers and on Plateau Creek in the states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Staff members in Argonne’s Energy Systems and Infrastructure Analysis Division prepared this technical memorandum with assistance from WAPA’s CRSP and Energy Marketing and Management Offices (EMMO).

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Tatsuno Coriolis Flow Meter Development Testing in High Pressure Hydrogen: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report

This project will provide test data on the new Tatsuno coriolis flow meter. This flow meter has been developed by Tatsuno for the purpose of achieving improved flow meter performance for 70 mega pascal (MPA) hydrogen dispensing. Testing will be conducted at the National Renewable Laboratory (NREL) Hydrogen Infrastructure Testing and Research Facility (HITRF) facility utilizing the hydrogen flow meter benchmark testing apparatus. The benchmarking apparatus utilizes a gravimetric method for measuring flow for direct comparison with flow meter output. Using the NREL meter benchmarking apparatus will allow direct comparison with data taken on previous versions of the Tatsuno coriolis flow meter product. Flow meter accuracy at 70 MPA hydrogen dispensers is an issue that has generated a lot of effort by both standards organizations and the station providers.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
NASA NTRS1993

Monolithic Continuous-Flow Bioreactors

Monolithic ceramic matrices containing many small flow passages useful as continuous-flow bioreactors. Ceramic matrix containing passages made by extruding and firing suitable ceramic. Pores in matrix provide attachment medium for film of cells and allow free movement of solution. Material one not toxic to micro-organisms grown in reactor. In reactor, liquid nutrients flow over, and liquid reaction products flow from, cell culture immobilized in one set of channels while oxygen flows to, and gaseous reaction products flow from, culture in adjacent set of passages. Cells live on inner surfaces containing flowing nutrient and in pores of walls of passages. Ready access to nutrients and oxygen in channels. They generate continuous high yield characteristic of immobilized cells, without large expenditure of energy otherwise incurred if necessary to pump nutrient solution through dense biomass as in bioreactors of other types.

Stephanopoulos, Gregory↗
NASA NTRS2001

Whole Blood Activation Results in Enhanced Detection of T Cell and Monocyte Cytokine Production by Flow Cytometry

An excellent monitor of the immune balance of peripheral circulating cells is to determine their cytokine production patterns in response to stimuli. Using flow cytometry a positive identification of cytokine producing cells in a mixed culture may be achieved. Recently, the ability to assess cytokine production following a wholeblood activation culture has been described. We compared whole blood culture to standard PBMC culture and determined the individual cytokine secretion patterns for both T cells and monocytes via flow cytometry. For T cells cytokine assessment following PMA +ionomycin activation: (1) a significantly greater percentages of T cells producing IFNgamma and IL-2 were observed following whole-blood culture; (2) altered T cell cytokine production kinetics were observed by varying whole blood culture times. In addition, a four-color cytometric analysis was used to allow accurate phenotyping and quantitation of cytokine producing lymphocyte populations. Using this technique we found IFNgamma production to be significantly elevated in the CD3+/CD8+ T cell population as compared to the CD3+/CD8- population following five hours of whole blood activation. Conversely, IL-2 and IL-10 production were significantly elevated in the CD3+/CD8- T cell population as compared to the CD3+/CD8+ population. Monocyte cytokine production was assessed in both culture systems following LPS activation for 24 hours. A three-color flow cytometric was used to assess two cytokines in conjunction with CD 14. The cytokine pairs used for analysis were IL-1a/IL-12, and IL-10ITNFa. Nearly all monocytes were stimulated to produce IL-1a, IL-12 and TNFalpha equally well in both culture systems. Monocyte production of IL-10 was significantly elevated following whole blood culture as compared to PBMC culture. IL-12 producing monocytes appeared to be a distinct subpopulation of the IL-1a producing set, whereas IL-10 and TNFa producing monocytes were largely mutually exclusive. IL-10 and TNFa producing monocytes may represent functionally different monocyte subsets with distinct functions. Whole blood culture eliminates the need to purify cell populations prior to culture and may have significant utility for the routine monitoring of the cytokine balances of the peripheral blood T cell and monocyte populations. In addition, there are distinct advantages to performing whole-blood (WB) activation as compared to PBMC activation. These advantages would include retaining all various cell-cell interactions as well as any soluble factors present in serum that influence cell activation. It is likely that the altered cytokine production observed following whole blood culture more accurately represents the in-vivo immune balance.

Sams, Clarence F.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Instability of flux flow and production of vortex-antivortex pairs by current-driven Josephson vortices in layered superconductors

We report numerical simulations of the nonlinear dynamics of Josephson vortices driven by strong dc currents in layered superconductors. Dynamic equations for interlayer phase differences in a stack of coupled superconducting layers were solved to calculate a drag coefficient η(J) of the vortex as a function of the perpendicular dc current density J. It is shown that Cherenkov radiation produced by a moving vortex causes significant radiation drag increasing η(v) at high vortex velocities v and striking instabilities of driven Josephson vortices moving faster than a terminal velocity v c . The steady-state flux flow breaks down at v > v c as the vortex starts producing a cascade of expanding vortex-antivortex pairs evolving into either planar macrovortex structures or branching flux patterns propagating both along and across the layers. This vortex-antivortex pair production triggered by a rapidly moving vortex is most pronounced in a stack of underdamped planar junctions where it can occur at J > J s well below the interlayer Josephson critical current density. Both v c and J s were calculated as functions of the quasiparticle damping parameter, and the dc magnetic field was applied parallel to the layers. The effects of vortex interaction on the Cherenkov instability of moving vortex chains and lattices in annular stacks of Josephson junctions were considered. It is shown that a vortex driven by a current density J > J s in a multilayer of finite length excites self-sustained large-amplitude standing waves of magnetic flux, resulting in temporal oscillations of the total magnetic moment. We evaluated a contribution of this effect to the power W radiated by the sample and showed that W increases strongly as the number of layers increases. Furthermore, these mechanisms can result in nonlinearity of the c-axis electromagnetic response and contribute to THz radiation from the layered cuprates at high dc current densities flowing perpendicular to the ab planes.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Characterization of extended channel bioreactors for continuous-flow protein production

In this paper, protein based therapeutics are an important class of drugs, used to treat a variety of medical conditions including cancer and autoimmune diseases. Requiring continuous cold storage, and having a limited shelf life, the ability to produce such therapeutics at the point-of-care would open up new opportunities in distributing medicines and treating patients in more remote locations. Here, the authors describe the first steps in the development of a microfluidic platform that can be used for point-of-care protein synthesis. While biologic medicines, including therapeutic proteins, are commonly produced using recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology in large batch cell cultures, the system developed here utilizes cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) technology. CFPS is a scalable technology that uses cell extracts containing the biological machinery required for transcription and translation and combines those extracts with DNA, encoding a specific gene, and the additional metabolites required to produce proteins in vitro. While CFPS reactions are typically performed in batch or fed-batch reactions, a well-engineered reaction scheme may improve both the rate of protein production and the economic efficiency of protein synthesis reactions, as well as enable a more streamlined method for subsequent purification of the protein product—all necessary requirements for point-of-care protein synthesis. In this work, the authors describe a new bioreactor design capable of continuous production of protein using cell-free protein synthesis. The bioreactors were designed with three inlets to separate reactive components prior to on-chip mixing, which lead into a long, narrow, serpentine channel. These multiscale, serpentine channel bioreactors were designed to take advantage of microscale diffusion distances across narrow channels in reactors containing enough volume to produce a therapeutic dose of protein, and open the possibility of performing these reactions continuously and in line with downstream purification modules. Here, the authors demonstrate the capability to produce protein over time with continuous-flow reactions and examine basic design features and operation specifications fundamental to continuous microfluidic protein synthesis.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Thermodynamics of optical Bloch equations

Abstract Optical Bloch equations (OBE) describe the coherent exchange of energy between a quantum bit (qubit) and a quasi-resonant driving field in the presence of a thermal bath. Despite it being an ubiquitous process in quantum technologies, a sound thermodynamic analysis is still missing. We hereby provide such an analysis, by deriving the relevant framework from first principles. We start from a complete microscopic description of the qubit-bath system where definitions of heat, work and entropy production are unambiguous. We trace out the bath and coarse-grain the resulting expressions in time, using a methodology similar to the derivation of the dynamical master equation, to derive closed expressions for the first and second law in terms of system properties. Long coarse graining times yield the Floquet Master equation and its already known thermodynamic description. Short coarse-graining times yield instead the OBE and a novel thermodynamic framework which explicitly depends on quantum coherences in the qubit’s energy basis which produce quantum signatures in the heat and entropy production flows. This allows us to characterize a genuinely quantum non-equilibrium situation, where the coherences created by the driving field are continuously erased by the bath. Our findings can be readily extended to larger open quantum systems. They carry the seeds for future thermodynamic analyses of quantum gates and the design of quantum engines in the strong coherent driving regime.

Elouard, Cyril↗
NASA NTRS1986

The SIR-C ground data system: Digital processor, data products, information flow

The SIR-C (Shuttle Imaging Radar) instrument will collect both C-Band and L-Band data with each frequency band consisting of direct (HH or VV) and cross-polarized (HV or VH) data. Considering all possible combinations as many as eight different data channels will be available for any given target area. This data will be digitized and formatted on-board for direct downlink via the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), or it will be buffered through on-board high density digital recorders for storage or transmission when TDRSS is available. The data is received by the TDRSS ground station at White Sands and is nominally relayed via DOMSAT to the high data rate recording facility at GSFC. The tapes are then shipped to JPL for processing into imagery and eventual distribution to the SIR-C investigators.

Curlander, John C.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Real-time data flow and product generating for GNSS

The last IGS workshop with the theme 'Towards Real-Time' resulted in the design of a prototype for real-time data and sharing within the IGS. A prototype real-time network is being established that will serve as a test bed for real-time activities within the IGS. We review the developments of the prototype and discuss some of the existing methods and related products of real-time GNSS systems. Recommendations are made concerning real-time data distribution and product generation.

GPS↗