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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2025

Measurement of the Branching Fraction Ratios R ( D + ) and R ( D * + ) Using Muonic τ Decays

The branching fraction ratios of B ¯ 0 → D + τ − ν ¯ τ and B ¯ 0 → D * + τ − ν ¯ τ decays are measured with respect to their muonic counterparts, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0 fb − 1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV . The reconstructed final states are formed by combining D + mesons with τ − → μ − ν ¯ μ ν τ candidates, where the D + is reconstructed via the D + → K − π + π + decay. The results are R ( D + ) = 0.249 ± 0.043 ± 0.047 , R ( D * + ) = 0.402 ± 0.081 ± 0.085 , where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The two measurements have a correlation coefficient of − 0.39 and are compatible with the standard model. © 2025 CERN, for the LHCb Collaboration 2025 CERN

Aaij, R. (ORCID:0000000305331952)↗

DOE OSTI2025

Expansion and Update of the R&D Feedstock Carbon Intensity Calculator (FD-CIC) for R&D GREET 2025

The R&D Feedstock Carbon Intensity Calculator (R&D FD-CIC) is a transparent and easy-touse tool to estimate feedstock-specific carbon intensity (CI) of biofuel feedstocks, and to examine potential CI variations of different farming practices to grow agricultural feedstocks for biofuel production. The objective of the tool is to assess potential effects of different farming practices with underlined factors to reduce uncertainties in such assessment and help R&D activities. The original work and early versions of R&D FD-CIC were supported by Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (ARPA-E) of the Department of Energy, with recent support by the Bioenergy Technologies Office of the Department of Energy. The tool uses life cycle inventory (LCI) data of key farming inputs from the R&D Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies (R&D GREET) model. The system boundary of R&D FD-CIC covers the cradle-to-farm-gate activities, including upstream emissions related to farming input manufacturing and feedstock production.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Summary of Expansions and Updates in R&D GREET® 2025

The research and development (R&D) version of Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies (GREET®) model, or R&D GREET, is developed by Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and other federal agencies. R&D GREET is a life cycle analysis (LCA) model, structured to systematically examine the energy and environmental effects of a wide variety of transportation fuels and vehicle technologies in all transportation sub-sectors (i.e., road, air, marine, and rail) and other end-use sectors, and energy technology systems. Argonne has expanded and updated the model in many areas in R&D GREET 2025. This report provides a summary of the expansions and updates. R&D GREET is designed as an attributional LCA model, but specific consequential effects for certain pathways are included by default when they are scientifically important and/or highly policy relevant. For example, two major consequential elements – induced land use change (ILUC) for biofuels and avoided emissions for certain RNG-based pathways – are implemented by default in R&D GREET because they are highly relevant to our user base and crucial for a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental effects of these technologies. In a future version of R&D GREET, these consequential elements for biofuels and RNG could be more clearly distinguished from core attributional results. We will consider adding a highly visible toggle that would allow users to turn off or adjust these consequential impacts.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

Radioisotope Science and Technology Division FY 2025 Core R&D Summary Report: Competitive Projects, Postdoctoral Researchers, and Student Interns

R&D efforts in support of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Isotope Program Radioisotope Portfolio are led by the Radioisotope Science and Technology Division (RSTD). In addition to supporting the ORNL Isotope Program Radioisotope Portfolio, RSTD supports a portfolio of research related to fundamental properties of radioisotopes and radioisotope applications, including diagnostic and therapeutic uses of medical radioisotopes, radioisotopes for national security, and the production of 238 Pu for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy. RSTD is organized into functional science and engineering groups, with most staff members supporting multiple programs. The goal of this organization is to enable synergy between programs such that R&D advances coming from other programs may provide benefit to the ORNL Isotope Program. R&D within RSTD is focused around addressing five grand challenges, as documented in the strategic plan for the DOE Office of Isotope R&D and Production, or DOE Isotope Program (IP), Radioisotope Production R&D activities at ORNL: 1. Maximizing the scientific output of radioisotope transmutation resources, 2. Maximizing the scientific output of radioisotope processing resources, 3. Minimizing waste and having optimal waste disposition, 4. Focusing on product quality and reliability, and 5. Expanding the use of beneficial isotopes. The ORNL Core R&D program, one of the primary R&D components within the ORNL Isotope Program Radioisotope Portfolio, ranges from benchtop to demonstration activities, with a focus on researching enhanced production techniques, developing emerging isotopes, and developing the talent pipeline for radioisotope science and technology. Projects within the Core R&D Program are led primarily by RSTD staff members. In supporting enhanced production techniques, the Core R&D program presents an opportunity to fund novel R&D that might not be tied to a specific radioisotope product but still presents a high potential for broad applicability in the longer term. In supporting the development of emerging isotopes, the Core R&D program develops high-priority isotopes that are not able to be fully supported through production funds.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗

NASA NTRS2004

Collaborative Product Development in an R&D Environment

Research and development (R&D) organizations are being required to be relevant, to be more application-oriented, and to be partners in the strategic management of the business while meeting the same challenges as the rest of the organization, namely: (1) reduced time to market; (2) reduced cost; (3) improved quality; (4) increased reliability; and (5) increased focus on customer needs. Recent advances in computer technology and the Internet have created a new paradigm of collaborative engineering or collaborative product development (CPD), from which new types of relationships among researchers and their partners have emerged. Research into the applicability and benefits of CPD in a low/no production, R&D, and/or government environment is limited. In addition, the supply chain management (SCM) aspects of these relationships have not been studied. This paper presents research conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) investigating the applicability of CPD and SCM in an R&D organization. The study concentrates on the management and implementation of space research activities at GRC. Results indicate that although the organization is engaged in collaborative relationships that incorporate aspects of SCM, a number of areas, such as development of trust and information sharing merit special attention.

Davis, Jose M.↗

DOE OSTI2025

Summary of Expansions and Updates in R&D GREET ® 2024

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

Summary of Expansions and Updates in R&D GREET® 2024 Rev.1

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2026

Hydrogen R&D at NREL

This presentation provides an overview of the hydrogen R&D activities at NREL, including make, store, move, and use hydrogen. At NREL, our research spans the advanced water splitting materials (AWSM) and hydrogen storage R&D, performed within the HydroGEN and HyMARC Energy Materials Networks (EMN), respectively, to the materials integration and scale up work done within the H2NEW consortium, to fuel cell R&D within the M2FCT consortium, to stack and systems testing at the MW-level. These R&D activities are funded by U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office.

08 HYDROGEN↗

DOE OSTI2025

Life Cycle Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Clean Fuels with the R&D GREET 2024 Model

This document summarizes research on the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions rates from the production and use of clean fuels to support a new version of the Research and Development Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Technologies (R&D GREET) model, R&D GREET 2024 In this effort, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) focuses on clean fuel pathways that are readily available in the market or are emerging in the near term. The selected pathways represent clean fuel technologies that convert biomass- and/or waste-based feedstocks to liquid and/or gaseous fuels for the transportation sector and other potential uses. The pathways are configured in R&D GREET 2024 with up-to-date feedstock-to-fuel life cycle inventory (LCI) data. Additionally, a new tab has been added to R&D GREET 2024 called “Clean Fuels” which allows the user to easily change inputs and access LCA results. Argonne does not warrant that the results presented in this report are consistent with the requirements of any particular regulatory or incentive program. Users interested in specific programs that reference GREET are encouraged to review guidance specific to those programs if and when it is available to determine appropriate means of compliance and contact the relevant responsible agencies for those specific policies or programs.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

NASA NTRS2005

Project Selection for NASA's R&D Programs

The purpose of NASA s Research and Development (R&D) programs is to provide advanced human support technologies for the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD). The new technologies must be sufficiently attractive and proven to be selectable for future missions. This requires identifying promising candidate technologies and advancing them in technology readiness until they are likely options for flight. The R&D programs must select an array of technology development projects, manage them, and either terminate or continue them, so as to maximize the delivered number of potentially usable advanced human support technologies. This paper proposes an effective project selection methodology to help manage NASA R&D project portfolios.

Jones, Harry↗

DOE OSTI2025

Development of the Well-to-Wake Life Cycle Assessment Model for Marine Fuels in R&D GREET 2025

The Marine analysis capabilities in the 2025 Research and Development Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies (R&D GREET) have been updated to incorporate the latest findings from the Fourth International Maritime Organization (IMO) GHG Study.1 To support these updates and enhance user flexibility, the former single marine module used in previous R&D GREET versions has been split into two workbook tabs: The Marine_Fuel tab, which covers the fuel-cycle, and the Marine_Trip tab, which covers the trip-cycle. In the Marine_Fuel tab, fuel cycle results for 39 marine fuels are available—assuming a slow speed diesel engine—and can be seen in Appendix A. However, there are options for changing feedstocks for multiple fuels, ability to view results with or without pilot fuels for fuels such as methanol and ammonia, and carbon capture options. All these combinations make the number of total possible pathways over one hundred. For each pathway, life cycle emission results are divided into feedstock, conversion, and combustion categories, along with pilot fuel supply chain emissions for fuels used in dual fuel engines. In the newly created Marine_Trip tab, users can view the life cycle emissions of using these fuels from a trip perspective. Compared to R&D GREET 2024, 16 new types of vessels are added in R&D GREET 2025. Examples of results assuming the default size for each vessel type are available in Appendix A. Additional information categories on vessels are included such as vessel size, main propulsion type, engine power rating, combustion cycle, etc. based on the Fourth IMO GHG Study. Operational mode of the trip, fuel consumption, and load calculation were updated based on the report. The fuel consumption calculation also incorporates low-load adjustment, speed–power correction, weather correction, and fouling correction factors. Furthermore, fuel consumption in boilers or steam turbines is also added for the first time, besides fuel use in main propulsion engines and auxiliary engines. This effort makes the R&D GREET Marine capabilities more robust than before. Users will be able to estimate fuel consumption more accurately for more diverse choices of vessel categories, vessel sizes, and energy converters.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

NASA NTRS1990

Space Station Freedom - Technology R&D and test facility for the 21st century

Development of the SSF is considered in terms of a primary stimulus for technology research and development activities in the early 21st century. The utilization and operations management organization, the ground facilities, and the associated international agreements will form the basis for all future major space projects, including lunar and Mars missions and outposts. Problems discussed include SSF technology R&D accommodations, Pacific Basin cooperative R&D opportunities, Pacific Basin cooperative R&D candidates, and space infrastructure cooperative projects.

Holt, Alan C.↗

NASA NTRS1991

NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Paper 12: The diffusion of federally funded aerospace Research and Development (R&D) and the information seeking behavior of US aerospace engineers and scientists

The present exploration of the diffusion of federally-funded R&D via the information-seeking behavior of scientists and engineers proceeds under three assumptions: (1) that knowledge transfer and utilization is as important as knowledge production; (2) that the diffusion of knowledge obtained through federally-funded R&D is necessary for the maintenance of U.S. preeminence in the aerospace field; and (3) that federally-funded NASA and DoD technical reports play an important, albeit as-yet undefined, role in aerospace R&D diffusion. A conceptual model is presented for the process of knowledge diffusion that stresses the role of U.S. government-funded technical reports.

Pinelli, Thomas E.↗

DOE OSTI2025

International Collaboration Activities in Geologic Disposal R&D: Spent Fuel and High-Level Waste Disposition (FY25 Progress Report)

This report describes the FY25 status of international collaboration on geologic disposal research and development (R&D) in the Office of Spent Fuel and High-Level Waste Disposition (SFHLWD) in the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE). The mission of this office is to provide confidence in the safe long-term management of the nation’s spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste by reducing uncertainty and advancing technology for extended storage, transportation, and geologic disposal. R&D in geologic disposal is administered in SFHLWD’s Disposal R&D Campaign.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

NASA NTRS1994

Overview of the NASA balloon R&D program

The catastrophic balloon failure during the first half of the 1980's identified the need for a comprehensive and continuing balloon research and development (R&D) commitment by NASA. Technical understanding was lacking in many of the disciplines and processes associated with scientific ballooning. A comprehensive balloon R&D plan was developed in 1986 and implemented in 1987. The objectives were to develop the understanding of balloon system performance, limitations, and failure mechanisms. The program consisted of five major technical areas: structures, performance and analysis, materials, chemistry and processing, and quality control. Research activitites have been conducted at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)-Wallops Flight Facility (WFF), other NASA centers and government facilities, universities, and the balloon manufacturers. Several new and increased capabilities and resources have resulted from this activity. The findings, capabilities, and plan of the balloon R&D program are presented.

Smith, I. Steve, Jr.↗

DOE OSTI2024

DOE ART Graphite R&D Introduction

Introduction of ART Graphite R&D to include oxidation activities, oxidation resistant graphite, model development, ASME component failure, ASME code development (design rules), ceramic composites, AGC update, molten salt intrusion, split-disk studies, wear testing, and concluding remarks.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

NASA NTRS2014

MDO and Cross-Disciplinary Practice in R&D: A Portrait of Principles and Current Practice

For several decades, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) has served an important role in aerospace engineering by incorporating physics based disciplinary models into integrated system or sub-system models for use in research, development, (R&D) and design. This paper examines MDO's role in facilitating the integration of the researchers from different single disciplines during R&D and early design of large-scale complex engineered systems (LaCES) such as aerospace systems. The findings in this paper are summarized from a larger study on interdisciplinary practices and perspectives that included considerable empirical data from surveys, interviews, and ethnography. The synthesized findings were derived by integrating the data with theories from organization science and engineering. The over-arching finding is that issues related to cognition, organization, and social interrelations mostly dominate interactions across disciplines. Engineering issues, such as the integration of hardware or physics-based models, are not as significant. Correspondingly, the data showed that MDO is not the primary integrator of researchers working across disciplines during R&D and early design of LaCES. Cognitive focus such as analysis versus design, organizational challenges such as incentives, and social opportunities such as personal networks often drove the human interactive practices among researchers from different disciplines. Facilitation of the inherent confusion, argument, and learning in crossdisciplinary research was identified as one of several needed elements of enabling successful research across disciplines.

Rivas McGowan, Anna-Maria↗

DOE OSTI2024

Test of lepton flavor universality with a measurement of R ( D * ) using hadronic B tagging at the Belle II experiment

The ratio of branching fractions R ( D * ) = B ( B ¯ → D * τ − ν ¯ τ ) / B ( B ¯ → D * ℓ − ν ¯ ℓ ) , where ℓ is an electron or muon, is measured using a Belle II data sample with an integrated luminosity of 189 fb − 1 at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider. Data is collected at the ϒ ( 4 S ) resonance, and one B meson in the ϒ ( 4 S ) → B B ¯ decay is fully reconstructed in hadronic decay modes. The accompanying signal B meson is reconstructed as B ¯ → D * τ − ν ¯ τ using leptonic τ decays. The normalization decay, B ¯ → D * ℓ − ν ¯ ℓ , produces the same observable final-state particles. The ratio of branching fractions is extracted in a simultaneous fit to two signal-discriminating variables in both channels and yields R ( D * ) = 0.262 − 0.039 + 0.041 ( stat ) − 0.032 + 0.035 ( syst ) . This result is consistent with the current world average and with Standard Model predictions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Adachi, I. (ORCID:0000000322870173)↗