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The multidisciplinary/regional resource surveys summary is presented in four parts: land use, geologic interpretation, resource survey, and pollution monitoring. Significant results derived from ERTS-1 imagery and data for these four disciplines are briefly reviewed and summarized.
Earth resources remote sensing from spacecraft noting meteorology, oceanography, forestry, agriculture and IR detection of plant diseases and pollution
Wildland vegetation resource inventories under Earth Resources Survey Program
NASA Earth Resources Survey Program as basis for future earth survey system combining spaceborne, airborne and ground observations
The author has identified the following significant results. An experimental procedure has been devised and is being tested for natural resource surveys to cope with the problems of interpreting and processing the large quantities of data provided by Skylab and ERTS. Some basic aspects of orbital imagery such as scale, the role of repetitive coverage, and types of sensors are being examined in relation to integrated surveys of natural resources and regional development planning. Extrapolation away from known ground conditions, a fundamental technique for mapping resources, becomes very effective when used on orbital imagery supported by field mapping. Meaningful boundary delimitations can be made on orbital images using various image enhancement techniques. To meet the needs of many developing countries, this investigation into the use of satellite imagery for integrated resource surveys involves the analysis of the images by means of standard visual photointerpretation methods.
Earth resources survey and remote sensing techniques under development at GSFC are reviewed. Emphasis is focussed primarily on: (1) definition and demonstration of remote sensing techniques which lead to the measurements of physical quantities from which earth resources related parameters can be determined; (2) development of sensors, spacecraft, and on-board as well as ground based data management systems; (3) determination of earth resources related parameters from the remote sensing observations and measurements; and (4) applications of earth observations to resource management.
Photographic applications of NASA Earth Resources Survey Program
Land resources survey for Michigan using ERTS-1 data
Meteorological and geodetic satellite networks for earth resources survey
Remote air- and/or spaceborne sensing instruments for resource surveys, transportation networks and agricultural planning applications
Current program and considerations of future earth resources survey
Design of operational earth resources survey system
Some results are presented of Earth Resources Survey Program studies conducted on: (1) Defining and developing methods of suppressing system noise and cloud contamination in satellite measurements of infrared window radiation. (2) Relating sea surface temperature patterns in the Gulf Stream and Gulf of Mexico to associated thermal front structure with aid of infrared data from Nimbus or ITOS. (3) Testing the feasibility of mapping sea surface roughness and low level wind speed over tropical oceans by means of ATS imagery in sun glitter zones. (4) Microwave radiometer measurements from aircraft and their usefulness and limitations for all-weather mapping of surface roughness, sea ice conditions, and possible surface temperature. (5) Evaluation of scanning radiometer data from ITOS for purposes of mapping snow and ice conditions.
Conference papers for technical session of the water resources and management are summarized. Summaries cover land use, flood control and prediction, watersheds and the effects of snow melt, soil moisture content, and the usefulness of satellite remote sensors in detecting ground and surface water.
ERTS data affords a unique opportunity to perform urgently needed resource surveys and land use planning at a critical juncture in the history of Alaska's social and economic development. The available facilities for photographic, optical and digital processing of ERTS data are described, along with the interpretive techniques which have been developed. Examples of the applications of these facilities and techniques are given for three environmental disciplines: vegetation mapping for potential archeological sites; marine and sea ice surveys on the Alaskan continental shelf for the determination of surface circulation and sedimentation patterns and their effects on navigation, pollution assessment, fisheries, location of habors and construction of off-shore structures; snow surveys for inventories of water resources and flood potential in Alaska watersheds.
Potentials for agricultural resource surveys by remote sensing
Proceedings of conference on earth resources survey systems to show applications of remote sensing to agriculture, forestry, oceanography, and urban development - Vol. 1
Proceedings of conference on earth resources survey systems - Vol. 2