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Report describes work with concentrations down to 0.07 percent and is useful when applying adhesives in terrestrial and space applications. Cured Silicone retains low-outgassing properties as well as its snap, elongation, and resilience. Tests for hardness of silicone material also showed good results. No gross hysteresis observable on recovery from stretching nor was there any decrease in hardness.
Classical lamination theory predicts that the room-temperature shapes of all elevated-temperature cure, unsymmetrically laminated composites are saddles. However, experimental observation indicates that the shapes are often cylindrical. In addition, a second cylindrical can sometimes be obtained from the first by a simple snap-through action. A geometrically nonlinear extension to classical lamination theory is used to explain this behavior. Approximate solutions to the nonlinear extension are obtained by using a Rayleigh-Ritz minimization of the laminate's total potential energy. A stability analysis explains the dual cylindrical shapes.
Classical lamination theory predicts the room-temperature shape of all unsymmetrically laminated, elevated-temperature cure composites to be a saddle shape. Experimental observation indicates, however, that in many cases the room-temperature shape is cylindrical. In addition, a second cylindrical shape can often be obtained from the first by a simple snap-through action. It is the elastic couplings between inplane and out-of-plane deformations which are inherent in unsymmetric laminates that are responsible for the room-temperature shape. However, the couplings are so strong that geometrically nonlinear effects are produced. These are not accounted for in the classical theory. This paper reviews a theory developed to explain the effects of the coupling on laminate shape. The theory is based on a minimization of the laminate's total potential energy. The theory accounts for geometric nonlinearities. Because the problem is nonlinear, approximate solutions are sought by using a Rayleigh-Ritz procedure. Because of the observed snap-through of some laminates, stability of the predicted shapes is examined. Numerical results and some limited experimental data are presented for several laminates.
A geometrically nonlinear extension of classical lamination theory developed by Hyer (1981) for predicting the room-temperature shapes of unsymmetric laminates is reformulated using relaxed restrictions regarding the inplane strains. The inplane residual strains of unsymmetric laminates which have cooled from curing into a cylindrical room-temperature shape are examined numerically. Results show that the residual strains are compressive and practically independent of spatial location on the laminate. In addition, the room temperature shapes of the four-layer unsymmetric cross-ply laminates are predicted, and it is shown that the temperature shapes are a strong function of their size and their stacking arrangement. It is demonstrated that, depending on the parameters selected, the room-temperature shape of a four-layer cross-ply unsymmetric laminate can be a unique saddle shape, a unique cylindrical shape, or a cylindrical shape that can be snapped through to another cylindrical shape.