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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Glassy embedded solid-state electrode assemblies, solid-state batteries and methods of making electrode assemblies and solid-state batteries

Batteries, component structures and manufacturing methods, in particular including a glassy embedded battery electrode assembly having a composite material structure composed of interpenetrating material components including a porous electroactive network including a solid electroactive material, and a continuous glassy medium including a Li ion conducting sulfide glass, can achieve enhanced power output, reduced charging time and/or improved cycle life.

Visco, Steven J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Challenges and Prospects of All-Solid-State Electrodes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries

In the development of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLB), progress is made with solid-state electrolytes; however, challenges regarding compatibility and stability still exist with solid electrodes. These issues result in a low battery capacity and short cycle life, which limit the commercial application of ASSLBs. Here, this review summarizes the recent research progress on solid-state electrodes in ASSLBs including the solid–solid interface phenomena such as the interface between electrode materials and electrolytes. The mechanical stability problems in solid electrodes, including fracture, brittleness, and deformation of electrode materials, are also discussed, and corresponding methods to measure the solid electrode stress are provided. In addition, strategies for mitigating stress-related issues are examined. Finally, the fabrication process of solid electrodes is introduced and their future developments, including the exploration of new electrode materials and the design of more intelligent electrode structures, are proposed.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Recent Progress on Dominant Sulfide‐Type Solid‐State Na Superionic Conductors for Solid‐State Sodium Batteries

Abstract Over the past decade, solid‐state batteries have garnered significant attentions due to their potentials to deliver high energy density and excellent safety. Considering the abundant sodium (Na) resources in contrast to lithium (Li), the development of sodium‐based batteries has become increasingly appealing. Sulfide‐based superionic conductors are widely considered as promising solid eletcrolytes (SEs) in solid‐state Na batteries due to the features of high ionic conductivity and cold‐press densification. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to investigate sulfide‐based Na‐ion conductors on their synthesis, compositions, conductivity, and the feasibility in batteries. However, there are still several challenges to overcome for their practical applications in high performance solid‐state Na batteries. This article provides a comprehensive update on the synthesis, structure, and properties of three dominant sulfide‐based Na‐ion conductors (Na 3 PS 4 , Na 3 SbS 4 , and Na 11 Sn 2 PS 12 ), and their families that have a variety of anion and cation doping. Additionally, the interface stability of these sulfide electrolytes toward the anode is reviewed, as well as the electrochemical performance of solid‐state Na batteries based on different types of cathode materials (metal sulfides, oxides, and organics). Finally, the perspective and outlook for the development and practical utilization of sulfide‐based SE in solid‐state batteries are discussed.

Guo, Xiaolin↗
DOE OSTI2023

Realizing high-capacity all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries using a low-density inorganic solid-state electrolyte

Abstract Lithium-sulfur all-solid-state batteries using inorganic solid-state electrolytes are considered promising electrochemical energy storage technologies. However, developing positive electrodes with high sulfur content, adequate sulfur utilization, and high mass loading is challenging. Here, to address these concerns, we propose using a liquid-phase-synthesized Li 3 PS 4 -2LiBH 4 glass-ceramic solid electrolyte with a low density (1.491 g cm −3 ), small primary particle size (~500 nm) and bulk ionic conductivity of 6.0 mS cm −1 at 25 °C for fabricating lithium-sulfur all-solid-state batteries. When tested in a Swagelok cell configuration with a Li-In negative electrode and a 60 wt% S positive electrode applying an average stack pressure of ~55 MPa, the all-solid-state battery delivered a high discharge capacity of about 1144.6 mAh g −1 at 167.5 mA g −1 and 60 °C. We further demonstrate that the use of the low-density solid electrolyte increases the electrolyte volume ratio in the cathode, reduces inactive bulky sulfur, and improves the content uniformity of the sulfur-based positive electrode, thus providing sufficient ion conduction pathways for battery performance improvement.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Two-layer cathode architecture for high-energy density and high-power density solid state batteries

Solid state batteries with high-energy density and high-power density require the development of thick and energy dense cathodes. Structured cathode electrodes with a double-layer configuration were enabled using a freeze tape casting technique. A bottom dense layer was utilized to enhance the energy density whereas a top porous layer with vertically aligned walls was utilized to enhance the power density. The porous structure of the power layer was achieved by ice templating this layer on top of the densified energy layer of the cathode. This configuration was found to better utilize the active material of the cathodes and was optimized using numerical simulation and computer modeling. Cells with Li metal anode and LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC622) at approximately 5 and 20 mg/cm 2 were cycled at 70 °C at different C-rates. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSI) was used for the catholyte and the solid-state electrolyte. The structured cathodes exhibited more than double capacity values as well as better Coulombic efficiency compared to non-structured (single-layer) thick cathodes. In conclusion, synchrotron X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of the cathodes.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Solid‐State Prealkylation of Electrode Architectures (SPEAR): Direct Control of Prelithiation Levels in Silicon Anodes and Electrochemical Cycling

The Solid-state Prealkylation of Electrode ARchitectures (SPEAR) is different than traditional electrochemical prealkylation processes. Through SPEAR, alkylation is driven by solid-state diffusion without the simultaneous SEI formation concomitant with polarization. Here, we investigate the prelithiation of 80 wt. % Si-based anodes to varying amounts (up to Li 1.38 Si) to understand the trade-off between improved Li capacity and expansion-induced stress. Through dilatometry, we found that solid-state lithiation led to filling of the electrode pores through silicon expansion. This swelling changed the SEI formation process and accessibility of the silicon compared to an electrochemically lithiated electrode. Indeed, optimal prelithiation to Li 0.82 Si increases the initial C/3 cycling capacity post-SEI formation up to 43%, consistent with deeper Si activation through the electrode bulk. Prelithiation and cycling cells prelithiated beyond Li 0.82 Si results in a state of charge (SOC) close to 100% which facilitates parasitic degradation mechanisms and volume expansion of the Si electrode. The results demonstrate a pathway to modify silicon activation/SEI formation to enable high-energy electrodes.

Musgrove, Amanda L. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory↗
NASA NTRS1966

Solid state physics

Solid state physics research on nuclear magnetic resonance

SOLID STATE PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1965

Solid-state detector

Solid state detector - N type silicon surface barrier diode as microparticle detector

SOLID STATE DEVICE↗
NASA NTRS1964

Another solid state timer.

Solid state timer with time interval initiated by -24 v DC and producing -24 v DC as output for timed interval duration

TIMING APPARATUS↗
NASA NTRS2022

The Promise of Alloy Anodes for Solid-State Batteries

Solid-state batteries are anext-generation technology that could featureimproved safety and energy density, but reliably integrating high-capacity electrode materials to enable high energy while retaining stablelong-termcycling remains a challenge. Anode materials that alloy with lithium, such as silicon, tin, and aluminum,offer high capacity that canyield high-energy battery cells. The use of alloy anodes in solid-state batteries potentially offers major mechanistic benefits compared to other anode contendersand battery systems, such as lithium metal in solid-state architectures or alloys in liquid-electrolyte batteries. This perspective discusseskey advantagesof alloy anode materials for solid-state batteries, including the avoidance of the short circuiting observed with lithium metal and the chemo-mechanical stabilization of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). We further discuss open research questions and challenges in engineering alloy-anode-based solid-state batteries, with the goal of advancing our understanding and control of alloy anode materialswithin solid-state architectures toward commercial application.

John A Lewis↗
DOE OSTI2023

Indistinguishable telecom band photons from a single Er ion in the solid state

Atomic defects in the solid state are a key component of quantum repeater networks for long-distance quantum communication1. Recently, there has been significant interest in rare earth ions, in particular Er 3+ for its telecom band optical transition that allows long-distance transmission in optical fibres. However, the development of repeater nodes based on rare earth ions has been hampered by optical spectral diffusion, precluding indistinguishable single-photon generation. Here, we implant Er 3+ into CaWO 4 , a material that combines a non-polar site symmetry, low decoherence from nuclear spins and is free of background rare earth ions, to realize significantly reduced optical spectral diffusion. For shallow implanted ions coupled to nanophotonic cavities with large Purcell factor, we observe single-scan optical linewidths of 150 kHz and long-term spectral diffusion of 63 kHz, both close to the Purcell-enhanced radiative linewidth of 21 kHz. This enables the observation of Hong–Ou–Mandel interference between successively emitted photons with a visibility of V = 80(4)%, measured after a 36 km delay line. We also observe spin relaxation times T 1,s = 3.7 s and T 2,s > 200 μs, with the latter limited by paramagnetic impurities in the crystal instead of nuclear spins. Furthermore, this represents a notable step towards the construction of telecom band quantum repeater networks with single Er 3+ ions.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1968

A 35 GHz solid state transmitter/driver

Solid state transmitter/driver /multiplier/ signal source has been designed and fabricated to produce a stable crystal-controlled CW power output of 100 mw at 35 GHz.

De Angelis, X. A.↗
NASA NTRS1969

Solid state switch

Solid state switching circuit design to increase current capacity of low rated relay contacts

Booth, R. A.↗