Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “source range”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2021

Search for anisotropic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs

We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called PyStochon data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry(broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitational-wave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of gravitational-wave signals. Hence we derive 95% confidence-level upper limit sky maps on the gravitational-wave energy flux from broadband point sources, ranging from F(α,Θ) < (0.013−7.6)×10^(−8)erg/sq. cm s Hz,and on the (normalized) gravitational-wave energy density spectrum from extended sources, ranging from Ω(α,Θ) < (0.57−9.3)×10^(−9) per sr, depending on direction (Θ) and spectral index (α). These limits improve upon previous limits by factors of 2.9−3.5. We also set 95% confidence level upper limits on the frequency-dependent strain amplitudes of quasimonochromatic gravitational waves coming from three interesting targets, Scorpius X-1, SN1987A and the Galactic Center, with best upper limits range fromh(0) < (1.7−2.1)×10^(−25), a factor of ≥ 2.0 improvement compared to previous stochastic radiometer searches.

R. Abbott↗
NASA NTRS2013

The Herschel* PEP-HERMES Luminosity Function- I. Probing the Evolution of PACS Selected Galaxies to z approx. equal to 4

We exploit the deep and extended far-IR data sets (at 70, 100 and 160 μm) of the Herschel Guaranteed Time Observation (GTO) PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) Survey, in combination with the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey data at 250, 350 and 500 μm, to derive the evolution of the rest-frame 35-, 60-, 90- and total infrared (IR) luminosity functions (LFs) up to z ∼ 4.We detect very strong luminosity evolution for the total IR LF (LIR ∝ (1 + z)(sup 3.55 +/- 0.10) up to z ∼ 2, and ∝ (1 + z)(sup 1.62 +/- 0.51) at 2 less than z less than approximately 4) combined with a density evolution (∝ (1 + z)(sup −0.57 +/- 0.22) up to z ∼ 1 and ∝ (1 + z)(sup −3.92 +/- 0.34) at 1 less than z less than approximately 4). In agreement with previous findings, the IR luminosity density (ρIR) increases steeply to z ∼ 1, then flattens between z ∼ 1 and z ∼ 3 to decrease at z greater than approximately 3. Galaxies with different spectral energy distributions, masses and specific star formation rates (SFRs) evolve in very different ways and this large and deep statistical sample is the first one allowing us to separately study the different evolutionary behaviours of the individual IR populations contributing to ρIR. Galaxies occupying the well-established SFR-stellar mass main sequence (MS) are found to dominate both the total IR LF and ρIR at all redshifts, with the contribution from off-MS sources (≥0.6 dex above MS) being nearly constant (∼20 per cent of the total ρIR) and showing no significant signs of increase with increasing z over the whole 0.8 < z <2.2 range. Sources with mass in the range 10 ≤ log(M/solar mass) ≤ 11 are found to dominate the total IR LF, with more massive galaxies prevailing at the bright end of the high-z (greater than approximately 2) LF. A two-fold evolutionary scheme for IR galaxies is envisaged: on the one hand, a starburst-dominated phase in which the Super Massive Black Holes (SMBH) grows and is obscured by dust (possibly triggered by a major merging event), is followed by an AGN-dominated phase, then evolving towards a local elliptical. On the other hand, moderately star-forming galaxies containing a low-luminosity AGN have various properties suggesting they are good candidates for systems in a transition phase preceding the formation of steady spiral galaxies.

Herschel↗
NASA NTRS2001

GLAST: Exploring Nature's Highest Energy Processes with the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope

The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) is an international and multi-agency space mission that will study the cosmos in the energy range 10 keV-300 GeV. Several successful exploratory missions in gamma-ray astronomy led to the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO). Launched in 1991, EGRET made the first complete survey of the sky in the 30 MeV-10 GeV range. EGRET showed the high-energy gamma-ray sky to be surprisingly dynamic and diverse, with sources ranging from the sun and moon to massive black holes at large redshifts. Most of the gamma-ray sources detected by EGRET remain unidentified. In light of the discoveries with EGRET, the great potential of the next generation gamma-ray telescope can be appreciated. GLAST will have an imaging gamma-ray telescope vastly more capable than instruments flown previously, as well as a secondary instrument to augment the study of gamma-ray bursts. The main instrument, the Large Area Telescope (LAT), will have superior area, angular resolution, field of view, and deadtime that together will provide a factor of 30 or more advance in sensitivity, as well as provide capability for study of transient phenomena. The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) will have a field of view several times larger than the LAT and will provide spectral coverage of gamma-ray bursts that extends from the lower limit of the LAT down to 10 keV. The basic parameters of the GBM are compared to those of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) instrument on CGRO in Table 1-2. With the LAT and GBM, GLAST will be a flexible observatory for investigating the great range of astrophysical phenomena best studied in high-energy gamma rays. NASA plans to launch GLAST in late 2005.

Digel, Seth↗
NASA NTRS1975

Aperture synthesis observations of galactic H II-regions

Aperture synthesis observations at 2.695 GHz and 8.085 GHz of the H II regions NRAO 591, NGC 6857, NGC 7538, M8, W3 and W49A made with the NRAO interferometer are presented. A set of Gaussian functions is derived to describe the radiation distribution of each H II region at each frequency. Fine structure is found in all regions. With the exception of the extended source in W49A, all previously known sources with high excitation parameters are resolved into smaller sources. The electron densities of individual sources range from 100 per cu cm up to 100,000 per cu cm. In NGC 6857, NGC 7538 and W49A, continuum sources smaller than 4 arc sec and with electron densities exceeding 10,000 per cu cm are found close to the known class II OH emission sources. In M8, we find a ring which seems to be split at the position of the O-star Herschel 36.

Wink, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1982

A high resolution far-infrared survey of a section of the galactic plane. I - The nature of the sources

Far-infrared, radio continuum and (C-12)O and (C-13)O line observations are presented of 42 far-infrared sources. The sources range in luminosity from 4000 to 3,000,000 solar luminosities. Most of them are associated with (C-12)O peaks. More than half the sources have associated H2O maser emission, and half possess associated radio continuum emission at a limit of 100 mJy. Eight have radio emission at weaker levels. In many cases, the far-infrared source is smaller than its associated radio source. The difference can be explained in the context of the 'blister' picture of H II regions. One group of sources emits many fewer Lyman continuum photons than expected, considering the far-infrared luminosities. A number of possible reasons for this are examined; the explanation holding that clusters of early type stars rather than single stars excite the far-infrared sources is considered the most reasonable.

Jaffe, D. T.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Far-infrared and CO observations of NGC 6357 and regions surrounding NGC 6357 and NGC 6334

Two 1.7 square degree sections of the galactic plane at 70 microns have been surveyed with one-arcminute resolution. The scanned areas included the giant southern H II region complexes NGC 6357 and NGC 6334. Nineteen far-infrared sources were observed. The sources range in luminosity from 16,000 to 550,000 solar masses. Far-infared continuum and CO line observations of NGC 6357 are presented. Four far-infrared sources were found in this complex and for one of these sources the exciting stars are identified. Far-infrared and CO observations of sources in the field surrounding NGC 6357 and NGC 6334 are presented. The far-infrared sources coincide frequently with CO line temperature peaks. The CO clouds which surround the far-infrared sources have similar CO-13 column densities. Two of the far-infrared sources in the field have associated OH and H2O maser emission and compact H II regions.

Mcbreen, B.↗
NASA NTRS1980

X-ray astronomical spectroscopy

The current status of the X-ray spectroscopy of celestial X-ray sources, ranging from nearby stars to distant quasars, is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of such spectroscopy as a useful and unique tool in the elucidation of the physical parameters of the sources. The spectroscopic analysis of degenerate and nondegenerate stellar systems, galactic clusters and active galactic nuclei, and supernova remnants is discussed.

Holt, S. S.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Determination of radio-frame position for Earth and Jupiter from Ulysses encounter tracking

Radio metric tracking data acquired from the Ulysses spacecraft about its encounter with Jupiter in February 1992 allow an accurate measurement of some components of the orbital elements describing the positions of the Earth and Jupiter with respect to extragalactic radio sources. Range and Doppler data acquired from the Earth while the spacecraft is far from any planet provide an estimate of the spacecraft trajectory relative to the orbit of the Earth. Doppler data near Jupiter provide an accurate position determination of the spacecraft with respect to Jupiter. Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations of the spacecraft with respect to the distant radio sources provide a direct measure of the spacecraft position in the radio reference frame. Combining these measurements provides a means to estimate the locations of the Earth and Jupiter in the radio reference frame. One of the three Euler angles describing the orientation of the Earth's orbit in the radio frame has been determined to an accuracy of 50 nanoradians; the result agrees with other recent determinations of this orientation. The position of Jupiter at the time of Ulysses encounter has been determined to 15 nanoradians in ecliptic latitude and longitude.

Folkner, W. M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Determination of Radio-Frame Position for Earth and Jupiter from Ulysses Encounter Tracking

Radio metric tracking data acquired from the Ulysses spacecraft about its encounter with Jupiter in February 1992 allow an accurate measurement of some components of the orbital elements describing the positions of the Earth and Jupiter with respect to extragalactic radio sources. Range and Doppler data acquired from the Earth while the spacecraft is far from any planet provide an estimate of the spacecraft trajectory relative to the orbit of the Earth. Doppler data near Jupiter provide an accurate position determination of the spacecraft with respect to Jupiter. Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations of the spacecraft with respect to the distant radio sources provide a direct measure of the spacecraft position in the radio reference frame. Combining these measurements provides a means to estimate the locations of the Earth and Jupiter in the radio reference frame.

McElrath, T.P.↗
NASA NTRS1993

An improved light source for laser ranging

The development of a new laser material, Cr-doped LiSAF, makes possible the development of a laser source for satellite ranging systems that is more superior in performance capabilities than current Nd:YAG-based laser sources. This new material offers the potential of shorter pulses and more preferable wavelengths (850 and 425 nm) than multiwavelength Nd:YAG systems, leading to superior ranging resolution and greater detection sensitivity. We are embarking on a feasibility study of a two-wavelength, mode-locked laser system based on Cr:LiSAF, providing shorter pulses for improved ranging resolution.

Hamal, Karel↗
NASA NTRS1977

The remanent magnetic field of the moon

Measurements of the moon's remanent magnetic field near the Apollo landing sites and from lunar orbit with the Apollo subsatellites are reviewed. Contour maps are presented for the intensity of the radial, eastward, and northward components of the remanent field as measured with Apollo subsatellite magnetometers at altitudes of 10 to 170 km. Attempts to fit the subsatellite measurements to various models are discussed along with indirect measurements of the remanent field. It is shown that scale sizes of field sources range from 1 to at least 100 km, that the magnetic fields on the far side are stronger and more variable than those on the near side, and that the lunar remanent field apparently exhibits a significant latitude dependence. The origin of the field responsible for the remanent magnetization is considered.

Coleman, P. J., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Low luminosity galactic X-ray sources

The number of low luminosity sources found in the Galaxy has increased from a few to more than two dozen in the past three years. The sources range from isolated hot white dwarfs (HZ43) to normal stellar coronae (alpha Cen), very active coronal stars (RS CVn), flare stars (UV Ceti), interacting winds and stellar surfaces (Algol), and finally to accretion onto white dwarfs (AM Her, steady; U Gem, impulsive). The following review discusses each of these classes in some detail and portrays the wide variety of physical phenomena leading to X-ray emission.

Garmire, G. P.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The position and polarization of Type V solar bursts

Observations of the position and polarization of Type V solar radio bursts and their preceding Type III bursts are presented. The polarization, frequency range, source position, source movement, source size and brightness temperature of the bursts were measured using a 24-220 MHz spectropolarimeter, an 8-8000 MHz spectrograph and a three-frequency radioheliograph. Type V radiation is frequently found to have the opposite sense of circular polarization from that of the preceding Type III burst, with a degree of polarization similar to that of harmonic Type III radiation. A reversal of polarization is not observed when the accompanying Type III burst has no fundamental-harmonic structure, or when the Type V radiation is poorly developed. Possible mechanisms for the reversal are examined, including opposite magnetic field directions in Type III and V bursts, changes in mode coupling and a change in the mode of emission from o-mode for Type III to x-mode for Type V, and conditions needed for the mode change which is considered the most likely mechanism, are determined.

Dulk, G. A.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Multiple-pass laser-diode-pumped Nd:YAG amplifier - Design

A method for designing a miniature laser-diode-pumped Nd-YAG laser amplifier based on total internal reflection and a multiple-pass slab geometry is described. This new design leads to a simple and practical configuration which allows multiple-pass amplification to be accomplished fairly easily by utilizing an optical arrangement with external mirrors. It is suggested that this type of miniature Nd-YAG amplifier combined with a laser diode-pumped Nd:YAG oscillator could result in an excellent laser-ranging source laser.

Chan, Kinpui↗
NASA NTRS1990

Extensive middle atmosphere (20-120 KM) modification in the Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM-90)

The Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM) is currently available in the 'GRAM-88' version (Justus, et al., 1986; 1988), which includes relatively minor upgrades and changes from the 'MOD-3' version (Justus, et al., 1980). Currently a project is underway to use large amounts of data, mostly collected under the Middle Atmosphere Program (MAP) to produce a major upgrade of the program planned for release as the GRAM-90 version. The new data and program revisions will particularly affect the 25-90 km height range. Sources of data and preliminary results are described here in the form of cross-sectional plots.

Justus, C. G.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Upper Atmosphere Data Program (UADP)

Rapid, effective access to the increasing volume of information on stratospheric trace gases, both from measurements and model calculations, is important in advancing our knowledge of the Earth's atmosphere. The data have their origins in a variety of sources, ranging from satellite experiments and 2-D model predictions to individual balloon measurements, and are found in a variety of locations and formats. This task focuses on development and operation of an electronic data base for such trace gas data. The objectives are to provide effective access to these diverse data sets; to foster electronic data access, manipulation, and display; and to support periodic assessment and intercomparison activities.

Seals, R. K., Jr.↗