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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Stereo Cameras for Clouds (STEREOCAM) Instrument Handbook

The three pairs of stereo camera setups aim to provide synchronized and stereo calibrated time series of images that can be used for 3D cloud mask reconstruction. Each camera pair is positioned at approximately 120 degrees from the other pair, with a 17o-19o pitch angle from the ground, and at 5-6 km distance from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Central Facility at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility Southern Great Plains (SGP) observatory to cover the region from northeast, northwest, and southern views. Images from both cameras of the same stereo setup can be paired together to obtain 3D reconstruction by triangulation. 3D reconstructions from the ring of three stereo pairs can be combined together to generate a 3D mask from surrounding views. This handbook delivers all stereo reconstruction parameters of the cameras necessary to make 3D reconstructions from the stereo camera images.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1993

The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) for the Lunar Scout 1 Mission

The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) is a planetary imaging system developed by the German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR) with the involvement of the German Space Industry under the leadership of the German Space Agency (DARA) for the Russian Mars 94 and Mars 96 missions. The same instrument, virtually unmodified, is ideal for imaging the Moon. If flown on a Lunar Scout spacecraft, the HRSC will be operated so that it will produce data suitable for generation of a global lunar geodetic net, a global stereo image data set (both data sets produced at an orbit altitude of 200 kms approximately) and high resolution stereo imagery of areas of interest to the scientific community from an orbit altitude of 100 kms (resolution is a function of orbit altitude). All data will be digital.

Neukum, G.↗
NASA NTRS1997

A Three-Line Stereo Camera Concept for Planetary Exploration

This paper presents a low-weight stereo camera concept for planetary exploration. The camera uses three CCD lines within the image plane of one single objective. Some of the main features of the camera include: focal length-90 mm, FOV-18.5 deg, IFOV-78 (mu)rad, convergence angles-(+/-)10 deg, radiometric dynamics-14 bit, weight-2 kg, and power consumption-12.5 Watts. From an orbit altitude of 250 km the ground pixel size is 20m x 20m and the swath width is 82 km. The CCD line data is buffered in the camera internal mass memory of 1 Gbit. After performing radiometric correction and application-dependent preprocessing the data is compressed and ready for downlink. Due to the aggressive application of advanced technologies in the area of microelectronics and innovative optics, the low mass and power budgets of 2 kg and 12.5 Watts is achieved, while still maintaining high performance. The design of the proposed light-weight camera is also general purpose enough to be applicable to other planetary missions such as the exploration of Mars, Mercury, and the Moon. Moreover, it is an example of excellent international collaboration on advanced technology concepts developed at DLR, Germany, and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA.

Sandau, Rainer↗
NASA NTRS2004

Coordinated Observations of Aeolian Features from the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) and the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera and Other Orbiters

Surface features associated with aeolian (wind) processes at the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) landing sites for Spirit (Gusev crater) and Opportunity (Sinus Meridiani) were observed from the surface and from orbit through coordinated observations by the rovers and the Mars Express orbiter High Resolution Stereo Camera and compared with features seen in other orbiter data and with wind vectors predicted by a numerical mesoscale model of the atmosphere.

Greeley, R.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Stereo Camera Simulation for Lunar Surface Photogrammetry

During the rocket-powered landing of a vehicle on a planetary body, the interaction between the rocket plume and the surface material beneath the vehicle plays a significant role in the descent dynamics and the safety of powered descent. However, in-situ data taken to investigate plume-surface interaction has been limited. The upcoming flight and lunar landing of the Intuitive Machines Nova-C will be equipped with the Stereo Cameras for Lunar Plume-Surface Studies (SCALPSS) science package, enabling the direct measurement of plume-induced surface cratering during powered descent. In this work, we present the engineering constraints, design iteration process, and simulation results that drove the design selection for the SCALPSS camera system. The chosen design will provide 3D-imaging coverage of 84 percent of the lunar surface directly under the landed Nova-C, in addition to some coverage of the neighboring surface. SCALPSS will provide a total 3D-imaging coverage area of approximately 13 square meters. With the anticipated Nova-C landing in October of 2021, SCALPSS will provide the first dedicated in-situ measurement of plume-induced surface cratering.

Ryan J. Thompson↗
NASA NTRS2002

Analysis of Mars Orbiter Camera Stereo Pairs

We have developed stereo image processing procedure for the Mars Orbiter Camera based on VICAR software package. We will present topography and shaded relief maps, extracted from both Wide and Narrow Angle stereo image pairs. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Ivanov, Anton B.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Confronting Large‐Eddy Simulations With Stereo Camera Data by Means of Reconstructed Hemispheric Cloud Size Distributions

High-resolution hemispheric camera images at a meteorological site in western Germany are used to analyze the multi-dimensional spatial characteristics of continental cumulus cloud fields, and to evaluate Large-Eddy Simulations on this aspect. Traditional non-hemispheric cloud-detecting instruments provide additional reference data. The main model-observation comparison focuses on cloud size distributions (CSDs), employing two methods: (a) directly using three-dimensional model fields, direct CSDs, and (b) using rendered hemispheric images of the model fields as produced by a camera simulator based on path-tracing. In the latter method, both the real and rendered images are used to three-dimensionally reconstruct the cloud fields, yielding hemispheric CSDs. Advantages of hemispheric comparisons over more classic approaches include (a) fair comparisons between model and data, and (b) full use of the enhanced resolutions and hemispheric spatial coverage of the camera imagery. Basic evaluation of the simulations demonstrates good agreement on thermodynamic structure and its diurnal cycle. Cloud heights and cloud cover are intercompared between the model, camera data and other instrumentation, providing insight into their structural differences. A consistent alignment is found between the hemispheric CSDs from both the model and the cameras. Power law fits reveal structurally lower exponents in hemispheric CSDs compared to non-hemispheric CSDs, which particularly caution against directly comparing hemispheric CSDs to non-hemispheric distributions. This result is robust for sample size and fitting method. These findings inform future use of hemispheric camera systems for studying cumulus cloud field morphology and model evaluation.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1991

Structural stereopsis - Potential for automatic stereo camera calibration

The paper describes the use of extended edge features as a source of primitives for structural stereopsis and considers the design of a system for autonomous camera calibration. It is shown that the structural approach permits greater use of spatial relational constraints, eliminating the coarse-to-fine tracking of point-based algorithms. Experimental results concerning matching and calibration on real images using Laplacian-of-Gaussian contour fragments as primitives in structural stereopsis are presented, and results in graph-theoretic representation and inexact matches, analytical photogrammetry, and other computer vision and image analysis problem domains are examined. Such a system might be used in aerial photogrammetry and cartography, and robotic vision systems; however, the system is still very much under development.

Boyer, Kim L.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Public Outreach and Archiving of Data from the High Resolution Stereo Camera Onboard Mars Express: 2004 The First Year

During the first year of operation, corresponding to the calendar year 2004, the HRSC imaging experiment onboard ESA's Mars Express mission recorded 23 Gigabyte of 8-bit compressed raw data. After processing, the amount of data increased to more than 344 Gigabyte of decompressed and radiometrically calibrated scientifically useable image products. Every six months these HRSC Level 2 data are fed into ESA's Planetary Science Archive (PSA) that sends all data also to the Planetary Data System (PDS) to ensure easy availability to the interested user. On their respective web portals, the European Space Agency published in cooperation with the Principal Investigator-Group at Freie Universitat Berlin and the German Space Agency (DLR) almost 40 sets of high-level image scenes and movies for PR needs that have been electronically visited many hundred thousand times.

Koehler, U.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Measurement of surface microtopography using helicopter-mounted stereo film cameras and two stereo matching techniques

A common problem in acquiring ground-truth data for use in microwave interaction modeling is the capture of surface roughness data that are both sampled at distances comparable to a fraction of the wavelength and extensive enough to represent the surface statistics in at least one resolution cell of the microwave remote sensor used. A technique has been developed for acquiring the necessary photogrammetric data using twin 70-mm film cameras mounted on a helicopter boom. The apparatus is described, and the accuracy with which ground surface roughness can be characterized using this device is estimated. Both standard and cross-correlation methods were used for data reduction. Stereogrammetry is compared with a completely automated image-matching technique. Dense disparity images were generated from the helicopter stereo pairs. Using interior orientation parameters supplied by the camera manufacturers, and assuming that exterior orientation parameters remain constant between control target and test field photography, an extremely dense DEM (digital elevation model) for a test field has been derived. Results are compared, and accuracy estimates are presented.

Wall, S. D.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Stereo Imaging Velocimetry Technique Using Standard Off-the-Shelf CCD Cameras

Stereo imaging velocimetry is a fluid physics technique for measuring three-dimensional (3D) velocities at a plurality of points. This technique provides full-field 3D analysis of any optically clear fluid or gas experiment seeded with tracer particles. Unlike current 3D particle imaging velocimetry systems that rely primarily on laser-based systems, stereo imaging velocimetry uses standard off-the-shelf charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras to provide accurate and reproducible 3D velocity profiles for experiments that require 3D analysis. Using two cameras aligned orthogonally, we present a closed mathematical solution resulting in an accurate 3D approximation of the observation volume. The stereo imaging velocimetry technique is divided into four phases: 3D camera calibration, particle overlap decomposition, particle tracking, and stereo matching. Each phase is explained in detail. In addition to being utilized for space shuttle experiments, stereo imaging velocimetry has been applied to the fields of fluid physics, bioscience, and colloidal microscopy.

McDowell, Mark↗