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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Developing Asparagaceae1726: An Asparagaceae‐specific probe set targeting 1726 loci for Hyb‐Seq and phylogenomics in the family

Abstract Premise Target sequence capture (Hyb‐Seq) is a cost‐effective sequencing strategy that employs RNA probes to enrich for specific genomic sequences. By targeting conserved low‐copy orthologs, Hyb‐Seq enables efficient phylogenomic investigations. Here, we present Asparagaceae1726—a Hyb‐Seq probe set targeting 1726 low‐copy nuclear genes for phylogenomics in the angiosperm family Asparagaceae—which will aid the often‐challenging delineation and resolution of evolutionary relationships within Asparagaceae. Methods Here we describe and validate the Asparagaceae1726 probe set (https://github.com/bentzpc/Asparagaceae1726) in six of the seven subfamilies of Asparagaceae. We perform phylogenomic analyses with these 1726 loci and evaluate how inclusion of paralogs and bycatch plastome sequences can enhance phylogenomic inference with target‐enriched data sets. Results We recovered at least 82% of target orthologs from all sampled taxa, and phylogenomic analyses resulted in strong support for all subfamilial relationships. Additionally, topology and branch support were congruent between analyses with and without inclusion of target paralogs, suggesting that paralogs had limited effect on phylogenomic inference. Discussion Asparagaceae1726 is effective across the family and enables the generation of robust data sets for phylogenomics of any Asparagaceae taxon. Asparagaceae1726 establishes a standardized set of loci for phylogenomic analysis in Asparagaceae, which we hope will be widely used for extensible and reproducible investigations of diversification in the family.

Plant Sciences↗
DOE OSTI2023

Evidence-based target setting informs blue carbon strategies for nationally determined contributions

The magnitude and pace of global climate change demand ambitious and effective implementation of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Nature-based solutions present an efficient approach to achieving mitigation, adaptation and resilience goals. Yet few nations have quantified the diverse benefits of nature-based solutions to evaluate and select ecosystem targets for their NDCs. Here we report on Belize’s pursuit of innovative, evidence-based target setting by accounting for multiple benefits of blue carbon strategies. Through quantification of carbon storage and sequestration and optimization of co-benefits, we explore time-bound targets and prioritize locations for mangrove protection and restoration. We find increases in carbon benefits with larger mangrove investments, while fisheries, tourism and coastal risk-reduction co-benefits grow initially and then plateau. We identify locations, currently lacking protected status, where prioritizing blue carbon strategies would provide the greatest delivery of co-benefits to communities. These findings informed Belize’s updated NDCs to include an additional 12,000 ha of mangrove protection and 4,000 ha of mangrove restoration, respectively, by 2030. Our study serves as an example for the more than 150 other countries that have the opportunity to enhance greenhouse gas sequestration and climate adaptation by incorporating blue carbon strategies that provide multiple societal benefits into their NDCs.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Circular RNA hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma malignance by decreasing miR-767-3p targeting SET

Highlights: • Hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 was highly expressed in HCC tissues. • Hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 knockdown suppressed HCC cell proliferation and invasion. • Hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 promoted HCC proliferation and invasion by sponging miR-767-3p. • Hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 facilitated HCC cell proliferation and invasion via regulating miR-767-3p/SET pathway. The importance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in human cancers has gradually been acknowledged. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), several circRNAs have been reported to regulate tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role of hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 in HCC remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues. Moreover, we found that hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 knockdown markedly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. Besides, hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 silence led to delayed tumor growth in vivo. In terms of mechanism, we showed that hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 directly associated with miR-767-3p in HCC cells. Via inhibiting miR-767-3p, hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 promoted HCC cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SET was a downstream effector of hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673/miR-767-3p signaling. We showed that miR-767-3p could significantly promote SET expression by sponging miR-767-3p in HCC cells. Finally, rescue assays indicated that SET expression was essential for the effects of hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673/miR-767-3p signaling on HCC cell proliferation and invasion. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that hsa{sub c}irc{sub 0}000673 promoted HCC malignant behaviors via regulating miR-767-3p/SET pathway.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Comparing in planta accumulation with microbial routes to set targets for a cost-competitive bioeconomy

Plants and microbes share common metabolic pathways for producing a range of bioproducts that are potentially foundational to the future bioeconomy. However, in planta accumulation and microbial production of bioproducts have never been systematically compared on an economic basis to identify optimal routes of production. A detailed technoeconomic analysis of four exemplar compounds (4-hydroxybenzoic acid [4-HBA], catechol, muconic acid, and 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid [PDC]) is conducted with the highest reported yields and accumulation rates to identify economically advantaged platforms and breakeven targets for plants and microbes. The results indicate that in planta mass accumulation ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 dry weight % (dwt%) can achieve costs comparable to microbial routes operating at 40 to 55% of maximum theoretical yields. These yields and accumulation rates are sufficient to be cost competitive if the products are sold at market prices consistent with specialty chemicals ($20 to $50/kg). Prices consistent with commodity chemicals will require an order-of-magnitude-greater accumulation rate for plants and/or yields nearing theoretical maxima for microbial production platforms. This comparative analysis revealed that the demonstrated accumulation rates of 4-HBA (3.2 dwt%) and PDC (3.0 dwt%) in engineered plants vastly outperform microbial routes, even if microbial platforms were to reach theoretical maximum yields. Their recovery and sale as part of a lignocellulosic biorefinery could enable biofuel prices to be competitive with petroleum. Muconic acid and catechol, in contrast, are currently more attractive when produced microbially using a sugar feedstock. Ultimately, both platforms can play an important role in replacing fossil-derived products.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1971

Control of functional differential equations to target sets in function space

Optimal control of systems governed by functional differential equations of retarded and neutral type is considered. Problems with function space initial and terminal manifolds are investigated. Existence of optimal controls, regularity, and bang-bang properties are discussed. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived, and several solved examples which illustrate the theory are presented.

Banks, H. T.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Control of functional differential equations of retarded and neutral type to target sets in function space.

Optimal control of systems governed by functional differential equations of retarded and neutral type is considered. Problems with function space initial and terminal manifolds are investigated. Existence of optimal controls, regularity, and bang-bang properties are discussed. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived and several solved examples which illustrate the theory are presented.

Banks, H. T.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Process and control variables from the mercury loop at the SNS's mercury target

Set of process and control variables corresponding to the mercury process loop at the Spallation Neutron Source's (SNS) mercury target. The data corresponds to 36 measurement signals (pressure, temperature, flows, valve position, etc.) spanning from 2017/01/01 to 2023/12/31. Each signal is broken intro three-month intervals, resulting in a total of 28 files per signal during the aforementioned period of time.

mercury loop↗
NASA NTRS1988

Unified approach for two-target game analysis

A two-target differential game is defined from the outset by a qualitative (game-of-kind) formulation. The solution of such a game is the decomposition of the space of admissible initial conditions into zones of different outcomes: two winning zones, one for each player, the zone of nowinning (draw) and (if the intersection of the two target sets is not empty) a zone of eventual mutual winning (mutual kill). In this paper it is shown that the solution of any two-target game can be constructed, based on solving first two single-target pursuit-evasion games of kind (one for each target set) in a systematic way.

Shinar, J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Fuel-optimal angular momentum vector control for spinning and dual-spin spacecraft.

The problem of fuel-optimal small-angle reorientation of the spin axis of a spinning or dual-spin spacecraft is examined. The results obtained show significant improvements over previously published optimization studies by virtue of the introduction of two innovations: (1) mass-explusion active control is utilized for angular momentum vector pointing only, with passive damping relied upon for stable vehicles to attenuate vehicle coning about the angular momentum vector, so that the task of the active controller changes from spin axis control to angular momentum vector control, and (2) several options are considered for type, number, and location of attitude control jets. The first of these considerations introduces a target set which is a smooth, two-dimensional linear manifold in the four-dimensional state space, whereas previous studies have adopted the origin as the target set. The second innovation amounts to consideration of a spectrum of control restraint sets.

Larson, V.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A formulation and analysis of combat games

Combat which is formulated as a dynamical encounter between two opponents, each of whom has offensive capabilities and objectives is outlined. A target set is associated with each opponent in the event space in which he endeavors to terminate the combat, thereby winning. If the combat terminates in both target sets simultaneously, or in neither, a joint capture or a draw, respectively, occurs. Resolution of the encounter is formulated as a combat game; as a pair of competing event constrained differential games. If exactly one of the players can win, the optimal strategies are determined from a resulting constrained zero sum differential game. Otherwise the optimal strategies are computed from a resulting nonzero sum game. Since optimal combat strategies may frequently not exist, approximate or delta combat games are also formulated leading to approximate or delta optimal strategies. The turret game is used to illustrate combat games. This game is sufficiently complex to exhibit a rich variety of combat behavior, much of which is not found in pursuit evasion games.

Heymann, M.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Modeling for Existing Nuclear Power Plant Security Regime

This document details the development of modeling and simulations for existing plant security regimes using identified target sets to link dynamic assessment methodologies by leveraging reactor system level modeling with force-on-force modeling and 3D visualization for developing table-top scenarios. This work leverages an existing hypothetical example used for international physical security training, the Lone Pine nuclear power plant facility for target sets and modeling.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗