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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Search for ${\text {Z}{}{}} {\text {Z}{}{}} $ and ${\text {Z}{}{}} {\text {H}{}{}} $ production in the ${\text {b}{}{}} {\bar{{\text {b}{}{}}}{}{}} {\text {b}{}{}} {\bar{{\text {b}{}{}}}{}{}} $ final state using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V} $

A search for ${\text {Z}{}{}} {\text {Z}{}{}} $ and ${\text {Z}{}{}} {\text {H}{}{}} $ production in the ${\text {b}{}{}} {\bar{{\text {b}{}{}}}{}{}} {\text {b}{}{}} {\bar{{\text {b}{}{}}}{}{}} $ final state is presented, where H is the standard model (SM) Higgs boson. The search uses an event sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 133$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$ collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13$\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$ with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The analysis introduces several novel techniques for deriving and validating a multi-dimensional background model based on control samples in data. A multiclass multivariate classifier customized for the ${\text {b}{}{}} {\bar{{\text {b}{}{}}}{}{}} {\text {b}{}{}} {\bar{{\text {b}{}{}}}{}{}} $ final state is developed to derive the background model and extract the signal. The data are found to be consistent, within uncertainties, with the SM predictions. The observed (expected) upper limits at 95% confidence level are found to be 3.8 (3.8) and 5.0 (2.9) times the SM prediction for the ${\text {Z}{}{}} {\text {Z}{}{}} $ and ${\text {Z}{}{}} {\text {H}{}{}} $ production cross sections, respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

The Materials Data Facility: Data Services to Advance Materials Science Research

With increasingly strict data management requirements from funding agencies and institutions, expanding focus on the challenges of research replicability, and growing data sizes and heterogeneity, new data needs are emerging in the materials community. The materials data facility (MDF) operates two cloudhosted services, data publication and data discovery, with features to promote open data sharing, self-service data publication and curation, and encourage data reuse, layered with powerful data discovery tools. The data publication service simplifies the process of copying data to a secure storage location, assigning data a citable persistent identifier, and recording custom (e.g., material, technique, or instrument specific)and automatically-extractedmetadata in a registrywhile the data discovery service will provide advanced search capabilities (e.g., faceting, free text range querying, and full text search) against the registered data and metadata. TheMDF services empower individual researchers, research projects, and institutions to (I) publish research datasets, regardless of size, from local storage, institutional data stores, or cloud storage, without involvement of thirdparty publishers; (II) build, share, and enforce extensible domain-specific custom metadata schemas; (III) interact with published data and metadata via representational state transfer (REST) application program interfaces (APIs) to facilitate automation, analysis, and feedback; and (IV) access a data discovery model that allows researchers to search, interrogate, and eventually build on existing published data. We describe MDF’s design, current status, and future plans.

data management↗
DOE OSTI2023

A search for decays of the Higgs boson to invisible particles in events with a top-antitop quark pair or a vector boson in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V} $$

A search for decays to invisible particles of Higgs bosons produced in association with a top-antitop quark pair or a vector boson, which both decay to a fully hadronic final state, has been performed using proton-proton collision data collected at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb -1 . The 95% confidence level upper limit set on the branching fraction of the 125 GeV Higgs boson to invisible particles, B(H → inv), is 0.54 (0.39 expected), assuming standard model production cross sections. The results of this analysis are combined with previous B(H → inv) searches carried out at $\sqrt{s} = 7$, 8, and 13 TeV in complementary production modes. The combined upper limit at 95% confidence level on B(H → inv) is 0.15 (0.08 expected).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Measurement of the WZ production cross section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ and 8 $\,\text{TeV}$ and search for anomalous triple gauge couplings at $\sqrt{s} = 8\,\text{TeV} $

The WZ production cross section is measured by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in proton–proton collision data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.9 $\,\text{fb}^{-1}$ collected at $\sqrt{s} = 7\,\text{TeV} $ , and 19.6 $\,\text{fb}^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 8\,\text{TeV} $ . The measurements are performed using the fully-leptonic WZ decay modes with electrons and muons in the final state. The measured cross sections for $71< m_{\mathrm{Z}} < 111\,\text{GeV} $ are $\sigma ({\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}}\rightarrow {\mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}},~\sqrt{s} = 7\,\text{TeV}) = 20.14 \pm 1.32\,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.38\,\text{(theo)} \pm 1.06\,\text{(exp)} \pm 0.44\,\text{(lumi)} $ $\,\text{pb}$ and $\sigma ({\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}}\rightarrow {\mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}},~\sqrt{s} = 8\,\text{TeV}) = 24.09 \pm 0.87\,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.80\,\text{(theo)} \pm 1.40\,\text{(exp)} \pm 0.63\,\text{(lumi)} $ $\,\text{pb}$ . Differential cross sections with respect to the $\mathrm{Z}$ boson $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ , the leading jet $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ , and the number of jets are obtained using the $\sqrt{s} = 8\,\text{TeV} $ data. The results are consistent with standard model predictions and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings are obtained.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Automated annotation of scientific texts for ML-based keyphrase extraction and validation

Advanced omics technologies and facilities generate a wealth of valuable data daily; however, the data often lack the essential metadata required for researchers to find, curate, and search them effectively. The lack of metadata poses a significant challenge in the utilization of these data sets. Machine learning (ML)–based metadata extraction techniques have emerged as a potentially viable approach to automatically annotating scientific data sets with the metadata necessary for enabling effective search. Text labeling, usually performed manually, plays a crucial role in validating machine-extracted metadata. However, manual labeling is time-consuming and not always feasible; thus, there is a need to develop automated text labeling techniques in order to accelerate the process of scientific innovation. This need is particularly urgent in fields such as environmental genomics and microbiome science, which have historically received less attention in terms of metadata curation and creation of gold-standard text mining data sets. In this paper, we present two novel automated text labeling approaches for the validation of ML-generated metadata for unlabeled texts, with specific applications in environmental genomics. Our techniques show the potential of two new ways to leverage existing information that is only available for select documents within a corpus to validate ML models, which can then be used to describe the remaining documents in the corpus. The first technique exploits relationships between different types of data sources related to the same research study, such as publications and proposals. The second technique takes advantage of domain-specific controlled vocabularies or ontologies. In this paper, we detail applying these approaches in the context of environmental genomics research for ML-generated metadata validation. Our results show that the proposed label assignment approaches can generate both generic and highly specific text labels for the unlabeled texts, with up to 44% of the labels matching with those suggested by a ML keyword extraction algorithm.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Updates to the Alliance of Genome Resources central infrastructure

The Alliance of Genome Resources (Alliance) is an extensible coalition of knowledgebases focused on the genetics and genomics of intensively studied model organisms. The Alliance is organized as individual knowledge centers with strong connections to their research communities and a centralized software infrastructure, discussed here. Model organisms currently represented in the Alliance are budding yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, frog, laboratory mouse, laboratory rat, and the Gene Ontology Consortium. The project is in a rapid development phase to harmonize knowledge, store it, analyze it, and present it to the community through a web portal, direct downloads, and application programming interfaces (APIs). Here, we focus on developments over the last 2 years. Specifically, we added and enhanced tools for browsing the genome (JBrowse), downloading sequences, mining complex data (AllianceMine), visualizing pathways, full-text searching of the literature (Textpresso), and sequence similarity searching (SequenceServer). We enhanced existing interactive data tables and added an interactive table of paralogs to complement our representation of orthology. To support individual model organism communities, we implemented species-specific “landing pages” and will add disease-specific portals soon; in addition, we support a common community forum implemented in Discourse software. We describe our progress toward a central persistent database to support curation, the data modeling that underpins harmonization, and progress toward a state-of-the-art literature curation system with integrated artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML).

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

RNAcentral: a hub of information for non-coding RNA sequences

RNAcentral is a comprehensive database of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences, collating information on ncRNA sequences of all types from a broad range of organisms. We have recently added a new genome mapping pipeline that identifies genomic locations for ncRNA sequences in 296 species. We have also added several new types of functional annotations, such as tRNA secondary structures, Gene Ontology annotations, and miRNA-target interactions. A new quality control mechanism based on Rfam family assignments identifies potential contamination, incomplete sequences, and more. The RNAcentral database has become a vital component of many workflows in the RNA community, serving as both the primary source of sequence data for academic and commercial groups, as well as a source of stable accessions for the annotation of genomic and functional features. These examples are facilitated by an improved RNAcentral web interface, which features an updated genome browser, a new sequence feature viewer, and improved text search functionality.

Sweeney, Blake A.↗
DOE OSTI2026

polars-dovmed (dovmed) v0.1.0

polars-dovmed is a python package for text search and extraction from NCBI's PubMed Central Open Access subset. It is powered by the polars dataframe library and leverages modern file formats (parquet) to efficiently scan public literature.

Roux, Simon [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory↗
DOE OSTI2019

Study of serious adverse drug reactions using FDA-approved drug labeling and MedDRA

Background Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are of great public health concern. FDA-approved drug labeling summarizes ADRs of a drug product mainly in three sections, i.e., Boxed Warning (BW), Warnings and Precautions (WP), and Adverse Reactions (AR), where the severity of ADRs are intended to decrease in the order of BW > WP > AR. Several reported studies have extracted ADRs from labeling documents, but most, if not all, did not discriminate the severity of the ADRs by the different labeling sections. Such a practice could overstate or underestimate the impact of certain ADRs to the public health. In this study, we applied the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) to drug labeling and systematically analyzed and compared the ADRs from the three labeling sections with a specific emphasis on analyzing serious ADRs presented in BW, which is of most drug safety concern. Results This study investigated New Drug Application (NDA) labeling documents for 1164 single-ingredient drugs using Oracle Text search to extract MedDRA terms. We found that only a small portion of MedDRA Preferred Terms (PTs), 3819 out of 21,920 or 17.42%, were observed in a whole set of documents. In detail, 466/3819 (12.0%) PTs were in BW, 2023/3819 (53.0%) were in WP, and 2961/3819 (77.5%) were in AR sections. We also found a higher overlap of top 20 occurring BW PTs with WP sections compared to AR sections. Within the MedDRA System Organ Class levels, serious ADRs (sADRs) from BW were prevalent in Nervous System disorders and Vascular disorders. A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed that drugs within the same therapeutic category shared the same ADR patterns in BW (e.g., nervous system drug class is highly associated with drug abuse terms such as dependence, substance abuse, and respiratory depression). Conclusions This study demonstrated that combining MedDRA standard terminologies with data mining techniques facilitated computer-aided ADR analysis of drug labeling. We also highlighted the importance of labeling sections that differ in seriousness and application in drug safety. Using sADRs primarily related to BW sections, we illustrated a prototype approach for computer-aided ADR monitoring and studies which can be applied to other public health documents.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

A multi-dimensional search for new heavy resonances decaying to boosted $\text{W}$ $\text{W}$, $\text{W}$ $\text{Z}$, or $\text{Z}$ $\text{Z}$ boson pairs in the dijet final state at 13 $\text {Te}\text{V}$

A search in an all-jet final state for new massive resonances decaying to $\text{ W }{}{}\text{ W }{}{}$, $\text{ W }{}{}\text{ Z }{}{}$, or $\text{ Z }{}{}\text{ Z }{}{}$ boson pairs using a novel analysis method is presented. The analysis is performed on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 77.3 $\,\text {fb}^{-1}$ recorded with the CMS experiment at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 $\text {Te}\text {V}$. The search is focussed on potential narrow-width resonances with masses above 1.2 $\text {Te}\text {V}$, where the decay products of each $\text{ W }{}{}$ or $\text{ Z }{}{}$ boson are expected to be collimated into a single, large-radius jet. The signal is extracted using a three-dimensional maximum likelihood fit of the two jet masses and the dijet invariant mass, yielding an improvement in sensitivity of up to 30% relative to previous search methods. No excess is observed above the estimated standard model background. In a heavy vector triplet model, spin-1 ${\text {Z}}^{\prime }$ and ${\text {W}}^{\prime }$ resonances with masses below 3.5 and 3.8 $\text {Te}\text {V}$, respectively, are excluded at 95% confidence level. In a bulk graviton model, upper limits on cross sections are set between 27 and 0.2 $\,\text {fb}$ for resonance masses between 1.2 and 5.2 $\text {Te}\text {V}$, respectively. The limits presented in this paper are the best to date in the dijet final state.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Search for top squark pair production using dilepton final states in ${\text {p}}{\text {p}}$ collision data collected at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV} $

A search is presented for supersymmetric partners of the top quark (top squarks) in final states with two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons), jets identified as originating from ${\text {b}}$quarks, and missing transverse momentum. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV} $ collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137$\,{\text {fb}}^{-1}$. Hypothetical signal events are efficiently separated from the dominant top quark pair production background with requirements on the significance of the missing transverse momentum and on transverse mass variables. No significant deviation is observed from the expected background. Exclusion limits are set in the context of simplified supersymmetric models with pair-produced lightest top squarks. For top squarks decaying exclusively to a top quark and a lightest neutralino, lower limits are placed at $95\%$ confidence level on the masses of the top squark and the neutralino up to 925 and 450$\,\text {GeV}$, respectively. If the decay proceeds via an intermediate chargino, the corresponding lower limits on the mass of the lightest top squark are set up to 850$\,\text {GeV}$ for neutralino masses below 420$\,\text {GeV}$. For top squarks undergoing a cascade decay through charginos and sleptons, the mass limits reach up to 1.4$\,\text {TeV}$ and 900$\,\text {GeV}$ respectively for the top squark and the lightest neutralino.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Study of $WW\gamma $ and $WZ\gamma $ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = {8} \,{\text {TeV}}$ and search for anomalous quartic gauge couplings with the ATLAS experiment

This paper presents a study of WWγ and WZγ triboson production using events from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb –1 . The WWγ production cross-section is determined using a final state containing an electron, a muon, a photon, and neutrinos (eνμνγ). Upper limits on the production cross-section of the eνμνγ final state and the WWγ and WZγ final states containing an electron or a muon, two jets, a photon, and a neutrino (eνjjγ or μνjjγ) are also derived. The results are compared to the cross-sections predicted by the Standard Model at next-to-leading order in the strong-coupling constant. In addition, upper limits on the production cross-sections are derived in a fiducial region optimised for a search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The results are interpreted in the context of anomalous quartic gauge couplings using an effective field theory. Confidence intervals at 95% confidence level are derived for the 14 coupling coefficients to which WWγ and WZγ production are sensitive.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Search for heavy resonances decaying into two Higgs bosons in the $\text {b}{\bar{\text {b}}} \tau ^{+} \tau ^{-}$ final state in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$

A search is presented for massive narrow-width resonances in the mass range of 1–4.5 TeV , decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (HH). The search uses proton–proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC during 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb -1 . The analysis targets final states where one Higgs boson decays into a pair of bottom quarks and the other into a pair of tau leptons, ${\text {X}} \rightarrow {\text {HH}} \rightarrow \text {b}{\bar{\text {b}}}\,\tau ^{+}\tau ^{-}$. It uses a single large radius jet to reconstruct the ${\text {H}} \rightarrow \text {b}{\bar{\text {b}}}$ decay, while the ${\text {H}} \rightarrow \tau ^{+}\tau ^{-}$ decay products can either be contained within a single large radius jet or appear as two isolated tau leptons. The observed data are consistent with standard model background expectations. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section for resonant HH production for masses between 1 and 4.5 TeV. This analysis sets the most sensitive limits to date on ${\text {X}} \rightarrow {\text {HH}} \rightarrow \text {b}\bar{\hbox {b}}\, \tau ^{+}\tau ^{-}$ decays in the mass range of 1.4–4.5 TeV.

Hayrapetyan, A. [Yerevan Physics Institute]↗
DOE OSTI2019

Search for a heavy pseudoscalar boson decaying to a Z and a Higgs boson at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\text {V}$

A search is presented for a heavy pseudoscalar boson $\text {A}$ decaying to a Z boson and a Higgs boson with mass of 125 $\,\text {GeV}$ . In the final state considered, the Higgs boson decays to a bottom quark and antiquark, and the Z boson decays either into a pair of electrons, muons, or neutrinos. The analysis is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 $\,\text {fb}^{-1}$ collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC from proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 $\,\text {Te}\text {V}$ . The data are found to be consistent with the background expectations. Exclusion limits are set in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models in the $\text {A}$ boson mass range between 225 and 1000 $\,\text {GeV}$ .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Search for heavy resonances that decay into a vector boson and a Higgs boson in hadronic final states at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ $\,\text {TeV}$

A search for heavy resonances with masses above 1 $\,\text {TeV}$ , decaying to final states containing a vector boson and a Higgs boson, is presented. The search considers hadronic decays of the vector boson, and Higgs boson decays to b quarks. The decay products are highly boosted, and each collimated pair of quarks is reconstructed as a single, massive jet. The analysis is performed using a data sample collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 $\,\text {TeV}$ , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 $\,\text {fb}^{-1}$ . The data are consistent with the background expectation and are used to place limits on the parameters of a theoretical model with a heavy vector triplet. In the benchmark scenario with mass-degenerate $\mathrm{W^{'}}$ and $\mathrm{Z}' $ bosons decaying predominantly to pairs of standard model bosons, for the first time heavy resonances for masses as high as 3.3 $\,\text {TeV}$ are excluded at 95% confidence level, setting the most stringent constraints to date on such states decaying into a vector boson and a Higgs boson.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Search for massive WH resonances decaying into the $\ell \nu \mathrm{b} \overline{\mathrm{b}} $ final state at $\sqrt{s}=8$ $~\text {TeV}$

A search for a massive resonance ${\mathrm{W}^{\prime }}$ decaying into a W and a Higgs boson in the $\ell \nu \mathrm{b} \overline{\mathrm{b}} $ ( $\ell = \mathrm {e}$ , $\mu $ ) final state is presented. Results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 $\,\text {fb}^{{-1}}$ of proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ $~\text {TeV}$ , collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. For a high-mass ( $\gtrsim $ 1 $~\text {TeV}$ ) resonance, the two bottom quarks coming from the Higgs boson decay are reconstructed as a single jet, which can be tagged by placing requirements on its substructure and flavour. Exclusion limits at 95 % confidence level are set on the production cross section of a narrow resonance decaying into WH, as a function of its mass. In the context of a little Higgs model, a lower limit on the ${\mathrm{W}^{\prime }}$ mass of 1.4 $~\text {TeV}$ is set. In a heavy vector triplet model that mimics the properties of composite Higgs models, a lower limit on the ${\mathrm{W}^{\prime }}$ mass of 1.5 $~\text {TeV}$ is set. In the context of this model, the results are combined with related searches to obtain a lower limit on the ${\mathrm{W}^{\prime }}$ mass of 1.8 $~\text {TeV}$ , the most restrictive to date for decays to a pair of standard model bosons.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Search for strongly interacting massive particles generating trackless jets in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\,\text {TeV}$

A search for dark matter in the form of strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs) using the CMS detector at the LHC is presented. The SIMPs would be produced in pairs that manifest themselves as pairs of jets without tracks. The energy fraction of jets carried by charged particles is used as a key discriminator to suppress efficiently the large multijet background, and the remaining background is estimated directly from data. The search is performed using proton–proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 16.1 fb -1 , collected with the CMS detector in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed above the expected background. For the simplified dark matter model under consideration, SIMPs with masses up to 100 GeV are excluded and further sensitivity is explored towards higher masses.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Search for new physics in events with a leptonically decaying Z boson and a large transverse momentum imbalance in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} $ = 13 $\,\text {TeV}$

A search for new physics in events with a Z boson produced in association with large missing transverse momentum at the LHC is presented. The search is based on the 2016 data sample of proton-proton collisions recorded with the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s} = 13\,\text {TeV} $ , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 $\,\text {fb}^{-1}$ . The results of this search are interpreted in terms of a simplified model of dark matter production via spin-0 or spin-1 mediators, a scenario with a standard-model-like Higgs boson produced in association with the Z boson and decaying invisibly, a model of unparticle production, and a model with large extra spatial dimensions. No significant deviations from the background expectations are found, and limits are set on relevant model parameters, significantly extending the results previously achieved in this channel.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗