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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Relative Source Time Functions, Spectral Ratios, and Near‐Source Spallation in the Source Physics Experiment Phase I Chemical Explosions

The Source Physics Experiment (SPE) Phase I was composed of six chemical explosions at the Nevada National Security Sites (NNSS) between 2011 and 2016. The experiment provided a robust set of dense, local to regional distance observations suitable for characterizing shallow chemical explosions located within the same borehole. We investigate the time-dependent source processes of each chemical explosion using Relative Source Time Function (RSTF) estimation, derived from five linear seismometer profiles located between 100 and 2000 m of the shot location. The RSTF estimate provide a detailed characterization of each chemical explosion's time-history. Subsequent modeling efforts suggest these measurements may be useful for precise characterization of explosion processes and spallation. RSTF estimation allows us to expand our understanding of the SPE Phase I chemical explosion series. Application of these techniques contributes to our understanding of explosion source physics and facilitates future applications to additional seismic source experiments and characterization of explosion phenomenology.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Real-Time Considerations for A Source-Time Dominant Auralization Scheme

A well-designed recording system can capture a moving source without risk of distortions, knowledge of the source or path, or transmission of information back to the source (i.e., a smartphone can reasonably record a plane flying overhead). This necessarily happens in real time. It would be good if signal processing schemes for auralization possessed these properties. Recent work on the NoTAP method of auralization proposed an asynchronous sample rate conversion scheme that keeps track of the (nonuniform) rate of incoming samples to formulate an effective incoming sampling frequency. This value allows the method to predict what frequency regions at the receiver are vulnerable to aliasing or imaging artifacts. Strategies of oversampling and filtering can be used to eliminate these problem regions while preserving as much of the original content as possible given the desired receiver sampling frequency. This approach creates a situation where the receiver processing can run independently of the source/path processing making it attractive for real-time implementation. This presentation discusses the challenges associated with producing a truly real-time scheme. A three-way tradeoff emerges between an interpolation mechanism that generates decorrelated noise, the computational burden, and the nearness to absolute real-time with which one wants the scheme to run.

Auralization↗
NASA NTRS2025

Source-Time Dominant Modeling of the Doppler Shift for the Auralization of Moving Sources

When developing an auralization for acoustic scenarios involving moving sources and receivers, one key feature is the ability to simulate the Doppler shift, i.e., the changing frequency content from the receiver’s perspective. As the time-varying delay between a source and receiver is what accounts for the Doppler shift, an approximation of this delay is required to successfully render the changes in frequency content at the receiver. Depending on the signal-processing strategy chosen to accomplish this task, there is, how-ever, a potential to introduce audible artifacts due to frequency folding (aliasing), frequency replication (imaging), and broadband noise. In this paper we dis-cuss the manifestation of such artifacts and propose a method to eliminate them, which can be integrated into the digital signal processing chain of larger auralization schemes. The method is built upon a source-time dominant approach and uses a combination of oversampling, interpolation, and time-varying filtering to predict and eliminate frequency regions at the receiver that are vulnerable to aliasing and imaging. We demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the method using a circularly moving source with a fixed receiver.

Auralization↗
DOE OSTI2025

Pulsar Movement Animation and its Corresponding Signal Visualization for Timing Source

The global positioning system, widely used for synchronization in energy systems, faces vulnerabilities, while Pulsars—natural cosmic clocks—offer long-term stability as potential backup timing sources. Existing research lacks sufficient exploration of Pulsar signal animation under astrophysical factors, limiting practical applications. This study establishes a mathematical model based on the rotation dynamics of dual-beam Pulsars and implements dynamic signal visualization through MATLAB. The model dynamically illustrates the relative motion between Pulsar beams and observers via timeline calculations, beam intensity modeling, and rotation matrix derivation. A case study on the millisecond Pulsar J1939+2134 reveals that observer angles influence signal peak timing, while beam widths determine signal duration, highlighting the critical role of parameter calibration for timing accuracy. Open-source code and animation results are publicly shared, providing tools for interdisciplinary research. This study validates the feasibility of Pulsar-based timing in energy systems, offering new insights to enhance synchronization robustness.

Wu, Ori [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000326723410)↗
NASA NTRS1979

A numerical method for determination of source time functions for general three-dimensional rupture propagation

A method to determine the displacement and the stress on the crack plane for a three-dimensional shear crack of arbitrary shape propagating in an infinite, homogeneous medium which is linearly elastic everywhere off the crack plane is presented. The main idea of the method is to use a representation theorem in which the displacement at any given point on the crack plane is written as an integral of the traction over the whole crack plane. As a test of the accuracy of the numerical technique, the results are compared with known solutions for two simple cases.

Das, S.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Pre-coding method and apparatus for multiple source or time-shifted single source data and corresponding inverse post-decoding method and apparatus

A pre-coding method and device for improving data compression performance by removing correlation between a first original data set and a second original data set, each having M members, respectively. The pre-coding method produces a compression-efficiency-enhancing double-difference data set. The method and device produce a double-difference data set, i.e., an adjacent-delta calculation performed on a cross-delta data set or a cross-delta calculation performed on two adjacent-delta data sets, from either one of (1) two adjacent spectral bands coming from two discrete sources, respectively, or (2) two time-shifted data sets coming from a single source. The resulting double-difference data set is then coded using either a distortionless data encoding scheme (entropy encoding) or a lossy data compression scheme. Also, a post-decoding method and device for recovering a second original data set having been represented by such a double-difference data set.

Yeh, Pen-Shu↗
NASA NTRS1997

Pre-coding method and apparatus for multiple source or time-shifted single source data and corresponding inverse post-decoding method and apparatus

A pre-coding method and device for improving data compression performance by removing correlation between a first original data set and a second original data set, each having M members, respectively. The pre-coding method produces a compression-efficiency-enhancing double-difference data set. The method and device produce a double-difference data set, i.e., an adjacent-delta calculation performed on a cross-delta data set or a cross-delta calculation performed on two adjacent-delta data sets, from either one of (1) two adjacent spectral bands coming from two discrete sources, respectively, or (2) two time-shifted data sets coming from a single source. The resulting double-difference data set is then coded using either a distortionless data encoding scheme (entropy encoding) or a lossy data compression scheme. Also, a post-decoding method and device for recovering a second original data set having been represented by such a double-difference data set.

Yeh, Pen-Shu↗
DOE OSTI2024

Journey to Time-Variable Moment Tensors through Inversion of Acoustic and Seismoacoustic Data

We explore the capability of acoustic and seismoacoustic datasets to directly resolve a complex, time-variable source consisting of a buried mechanism, represented as a moment tensor, and a spall mechanism, represented as a vertical force at the surface. Traditionally, each component of a resolved moment tensor assumes one underlying source time function, which likely fails to capture the full evolution of a dynamic source, such as an explosion followed by slip on near-source joints or development of spallation. Specifically, we expand previous work to resolve a time-variable moment tensor using single-modality and joint-modality inversion frameworks through analysis of infrasound and seismoacoustic data recorded as part of the Source Physics Experiment Phase II: Dry Alluvium Geology (DAG). We investigate the impact of including signals from seismic-to-air coupling that are local to each infrasound sensor in comparison to mainly atmosphere-propagating acoustic signals, which occur from coupling of the wavefield from the subsurface to the atmosphere directly above the source. Additionally, we assess the ability of our inversion algorithm to fit observed infrasound data using a variety of time-variable source mechanisms. First, we consider the buried moment tensor source alone, which assumes that the determined Green’s functions incorporate effects from spallation or that the impact from spallation is minimal. Second, we examine the estimated buried moment tensor and vertical surface spallation as terms that must both be resolved in the inversion. Third, we assess the ability for an estimated vertical surface spallation source to fit the acoustic data on its own. Finally, we compare results from the joint inversion of both seismic geophone and infrasound acoustic data for the buried-only source compared to buried and spallation sources. Our results are a preliminary investigation into the applications of the inversion technique to recorded datasets and show the technique has limited capabilities using acoustic data alone. Instead, this method shows promise for seismic and seismoacoustic datasets to resolve the time-variable mechanisms of a buried source.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1994

Time synchronized video systems

The idea of synchronizing multiple video recordings to some type of 'range' time has been tried to varying degrees of success in the past. Combining this requirement with existing time code standards (SMPTE) and the new innovations in desktop multimedia however, have afforded an opportunity to increase the flexibility and usefulness of such efforts without adding costs over the traditional data recording and reduction systems. The concept described can use IRIG, GPS or a battery backed internal clock as the master time source. By converting that time source to Vertical Interval Time Code or Longitudinal Time Code, both in accordance with the SMPTE standards, the user will obtain a tape that contains machine/computer readable time code suitable for use with editing equipment that is available off-the-shelf. Accuracy on playback is then determined by the playback system chosen by the user. Accuracies of +/- 2 frames are common among inexpensive systems and complete frame accuracy is more a matter of the users' budget than the capability of the recording system.

Burnett, Ron↗
NASA NTRS1983

Arcsecond positions for milliarcsecond VLBI nuclei of extragalactic radio sources. II - 207 sources

Time delay and fringe frequency measurements at 2.29 GHz have been obtained with VLBI on baselines of about 10,000 km, in order to determine the positions of milliarcsec nuclei in 207 extragalactic radio sources. Accuracy ranges are estimated to lie between 0.1 and 1.0 arcsec in both right ascension and declination, with all sources having uncertainties of less than 4 arcsec in both coordinates. These sources constitute part of an all-sky VLBI catalog of milliarcsec radio sources, for 752 of which arcsec positions have thus far been determined.

Morabito, D. D.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The Figaro experiment for the observation of time marked sources in the low energy gamma-ray range

The only two firmly identified galactic gamma-ray sources in the second COS B catalogue are the pulsars PSR 0531+21 (Crab) and PSR 0833-45 (Vela). In the region between 100 keV and 10 MeV the detailed shape of the emission is particularly important, since one expects a turn-off which is related to geometry of the source. A marginal evidence of such a turn-off just below 1 MeV has been reported for the Vela pulsar. In order to study sources with a well marked time signature in this energy band, the FIGARO - French Italian Gamma Ray Observatory was designed. The first version was launched in November 1983 from the Sao Manuel base (Brazil), and was destroyed in a free fall following a balloon burst at an altitude of 50 mbar. A brief description is given of the new improved version of the experiment, FIGARO 2, which is nearly completed and whose launch is scheduled before summer 1986.

Agnetta, G.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Low-frequency source parameters of twelve large earthquakes

A global survey of the low-frequency (1-21 mHz) source characteristics of large events are studied. We are particularly interested in events unusually enriched in low-frequency and in events with a short-term precursor. We model the source time function of 12 large earthquakes using teleseismic data at low frequency. For each event we retrieve the source amplitude spectrum in the frequency range between 1 and 21 mHz with the Silver and Jordan method and the phase-shift spectrum in the frequency range between 1 and 11 mHz with the Riedesel and Jordan method. We then model the source time function by fitting the two spectra. Two of these events, the 1980 Irpinia, Italy, and the 1983 Akita-Oki, Japan, are shallow-depth complex events that took place on multiple faults. In both cases the source time function has a length of about 100 seconds. By comparison Westaway and Jackson find 45 seconds for the Irpinia event and Houston and Kanamori about 50 seconds for the Akita-Oki earthquake. The three deep events and four of the seven intermediate-depth events are fast rupturing earthquakes. A single pulse is sufficient to model the source spectra in the frequency range of our interest. Two other intermediate-depth events have slower rupturing processes, characterized by a continuous energy release lasting for about 40 seconds. The last event is the intermediate-depth 1983 Peru-Ecuador earthquake. It was first recognized as a precursive event by Jordan. We model it with a smooth rupturing process starting about 2 minutes before the high frequency origin time superimposed to an impulsive source.

Harabaglia, Paolo↗