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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Local Weather Station Design and Development for Cost-Effective Environmental Monitoring and Real-Time Data Sharing

Current weather monitoring systems often remain out of reach for small-scale users and local communities due to their high costs and complexity. This paper addresses this significant issue by introducing a cost-effective, easy-to-use local weather station. Utilizing low-cost sensors, this weather station is a pivotal tool in making environmental monitoring more accessible and user-friendly, particularly for those with limited resources. It offers efficient in-site measurements of various environmental parameters, such as temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide concentration, and particulate matter, including PM 1, PM 2.5, and PM 10. The findings demonstrate the station’s capability to monitor these variables remotely and provide forecasts with a high degree of accuracy, displaying an error margin of just 0.67%. Furthermore, the station’s use of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model enables short-term, reliable forecasts crucial for applications in agriculture, transportation, and air quality monitoring. Furthermore, the weather station’s open-source nature significantly enhances environmental monitoring accessibility for smaller users and encourages broader public data sharing. With this approach, crucial in addressing climate change challenges, the station empowers communities to make informed decisions based on real-time data. In designing and developing this low-cost, efficient monitoring system, this work provides a valuable blueprint for future advancements in environmental technologies, emphasizing sustainability. The proposed automatic weather station not only offers an economical solution for environmental monitoring but also features a user-friendly interface for seamless data communication between the sensor platform and end users. This system ensures the transmission of data through various web-based platforms, catering to users with diverse technical backgrounds. Furthermore, by leveraging historical data through the ARIMA model, the station enhances its utility in providing short-term forecasts and supporting critical decision-making processes across different sectors.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

CROCUS Low Cost All-in-One Weather Station AMB-002 Data Argonne National Laboratory Prairie Site

The Ambient Weather WS-2902D (AMB) is a low cost weather station that has become very useful for filling data gaps in harder to deploy locations. These low cost weather stations collect 13 second data, which is averaged to a five minute data output available to users through an API key. The data files contain measurements for precipitation, temperature, wind chill/heat index, relative humidity, dew point, UV index, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, wind gust, and with an external particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) sensor. Having all of these measurements in one condense system allows for fast deploying and dense network capabilities. Three of the AMB weather stations were deployed at the Argonne Testbed for Multiscale Observational Science (ATMOS), a 20-acre prairie site at Argonne National Laboratory in Lemont, Illinois. The instruments are denoted by their three digit identifier (CMS-AMB-xxx) format. The data is presented as daily NetCDF (.nc) files, each containing approximately 24 hours of observations. Files follow the naming convention of: the project (CROCUS), location (atmos), instrument name (CMS-AMB-002), data level (raw, a1), and date (year, month, day). The NetCDF format can be accessed using common scientific software such as Python using xarray, netCDF4 or ACT-DOE.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

CROCUS Low Cost All-in-One Weather Station AMB-001 Data Argonne National Laboratory Prairie Site

The Ambient Weather WS-2902D (AMB) is a low cost weather station that has become very useful for filling data gaps in harder to deploy locations. These low cost weather stations collect 13 second data, which is averaged to a five minute data output available to users through an API key. The data files contain measurements for precipitation, temperature, wind chill/heat index, relative humidity, dew point, UV index, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, wind gust, and with an external particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) sensor. Having all of these measurements in one condense system allows for fast deploying and dense network capabilities. Three of the AMB weather stations were deployed at the Argonne Testbed for Multiscale Observational Science (ATMOS), a 20-acre prairie site at Argonne National Laboratory in Lemont, Illinois. The instruments are denoted by their three digit identifier (CMS-AMB-xxx) format. The data is presented as daily NetCDF (.nc) files, each containing approximately 24 hours of observations. Files follow the naming convention of: the project (CROCUS), location (atmos), instrument name (CMS-AMB-001), data level (raw, a1), and date (year, month, day). The NetCDF format can be accessed using common scientific software such as Python using xarray, netCDF4 or ACT-DOE.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

CROCUS Low Cost All-in-One Weather Station AMB-004 Data Argonne National Laboratory Prairie Site

The Ambient Weather WS-2902D (AMB) is a low cost weather station that has become very useful for filling data gaps in harder to deploy locations. These low cost weather stations collect 13 second data, which is averaged to a five minute data output available to users through an Application Programming Interface (API) key. The data files contain measurements for precipitation, temperature, wind chill/heat index, relative humidity, dew point, UV index, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, wind gust, and with an external particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) sensor. Having all of these measurements in one condense system allows for fast deploying and dense network capabilities. Three of the AMB weather stations were deployed at the Argonne Testbed for Multiscale Observational Science (ATMOS), a 20-acre prairie site at Argonne National Laboratory in Lemont, Illinois. The instruments are denoted by their three digit identifier (CMS-AMB-xxx) format. The data is presented as daily NetCDF (.nc) files, each containing approximately 24 hours of observations. Files follow the naming convention of: the project (CROCUS), location (atmos), instrument name (CMS-AMB-004), data level (raw, a1), and date (year, month, day). The NetCDF format can be accessed using common scientific software such as Python using xarray, netCDF4 or ACT-DOE.

EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > AEROSOLS > PARTICULAT↗
DOE OSTI2026

Weather Data from BSEC Weather Stations

This dataset provides measurements of temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, and sunlight at Ambient Weather and OttHydro stations across Baltimore city. These surface weather stations were deployed by the Baltimore Social-Environmental Collaborative (BSEC) Urban Integrated Field Laboratory (UIFL) project, funded by the Department of Energy (DOE). This dataset currently contains measurements from 2023 to June 2026 and will be periodically updated to include more stations and recent observations when available. Data File Information This dataset contains surface weather measurements data in comma-separated value (CSV) format and documents that describe the weather stations, locations, and measured parameters and units. data/[TIMEAVG]/[YEAR]/BSEC-[STATIONID]_[SENSORTYPE]_[TIMEAVG]_[YEAR].csv Surface weather measurements data in CSV format, where STATIONID indicates the weather station, SENSORTYPE is the type of weather station ('AWS' = Ambient Weather Station and 'OTT' = 'OttHydro Station'), TIMEAVG is time period for each entry (= daily, hourly, or 5min), and YEAR indicate the year in which the measurements were made. Example data file name: BSEC-AAC_AWS_hourly_2023.csv. documents/Station_Locations.csv This CSV file provides location information and measurement start date for each surface weather station. documents/Weather_Station_Descriptions.pdf This document provides detailed description of the instruments along with their setup and accuracy of measurement. documents/File_Contents.pdf This document describes the contents on the data files, including time notation, weather parameters and units of measurement. documents/site-metadata/[STATOINID]-metadata.pdf These PDF files provide information on weather station sites, including land cover characteristics, station mounting, and photographs. Each PDF file corresponds to one station, as indicated by STATIONID.

Ambient Weather Stations↗
DOE OSTI2023

Weather Data from BSEC Weather Stations

This dataset provides hourly measurements of temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, and sunlight at Ambient Weather and OttHydro stations across Baltimore city. These surface weather stations were deployed by the Baltimore Social-Environmental Collaborative (BSEC) Urban Integrated Field Laboratory (UIFL) project, funded by the Department of Energy (DOE). This dataset will be periodically updated to include more stations and recent observations when available. Data File Information This dataset contains surface weather measurements data in comma-separated value (CSV) format and documents that describe the weather stations, locations, and measured parameters and units. data/BSEC-[STATIONID]_[SENSORTYPE]_hourly_[YEAR].csv Surface weather measurements data in CSV format, where STATIONID indicates the weather station, SENSORTYPE is the type of weather station ('AWS' = Ambient Weather Station and 'OTT' = 'OttHydro Station'), and YEAR indicate the year in which the measurements were made. Example data file name: BSEC-AAC_AWS_hourly_2023.csv. documents/Station_Locations.csv This CSV file provides location information and measurement start date for each surface weather station. documents/Weather_Station_Descriptions.pdf This document provides detailed description of the instruments along with their setup and accuracy of measurement. documents/File_Parameters.pdf This document describes the surface weather parameters and units of measurement.

Ambient Weather Stations↗
NASA NTRS2023

Pypromice: A Python Package for Processing Automated Weather Station Data

The pypromice Python package is for processing and handling observation datasets from automated weather stations (AWS). It is primarily aimed at users of AWS data from the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), which collects and distributes in situ weather station observations to the cryospheric science research community. Functionality in pypromice is primarily handled using two key open-source Python packages, xarray (Hoyer & Hamman, 2017) and pandas (The pandas development team, 2020). A defined processing workflow is included in pypromice for transforming original AWS observations (Level 0, L0) to a usable, CF-convention-compliant dataset (Level 3, L3) (Figure 1). Intermediary processing levels (L1,L2) refer to key stages in the workflow, namely the conversion of variables to physical measurements and variable filtering (L1), cross-variable corrections and user-defined data flagging and fixing (L2), and derived variables (L3). Information regarding the station configuration is needed to perform the processing, such as instrument calibration coefficients and station type (one-boom tripod or two-boom mast station design, for example), which are held in a toml configuration file. Two example configuration files are provided with pypromice , which are also used in the package’s unit tests. More detailed documentation of the AWS design, instrumentation, and processing steps are described in Fausto et al. (2021).

pypromice↗
NASA NTRS1995

Micro Weather Stations for Mars

A global network of weather stations will be needed to characterize the near-surface environment on Mars. Here, we review the scientific and measurement objectives of this network. We also show how these objectives can be met within the cost-constrained Mars Surveyor Program by augmenting the Mars Pathfinder-derived landers with large numbers of very small (less than 5 liter), low-mass (less than 5 kg), low-power, low-cost Mini-meteorological stations. Each station would include instruments for measuring atmospheric. pressures, temperatures, wind velocities, humidity, and airborne dust abundance. They would also include a data handling, telemetry, power, atmospheric entry, and deployment systems in a rugged package capable of direct entry and a high-impact landing. In this paper, we describe these systems and summarize the data-taking strategies and data volumes needed to achieve the surface meteorology objectives for Mars.

Crisp, David↗
NASA NTRS2000

Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Lidar

An autonomous, low-power atmospheric lidar instrument is being developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This compact, portable lidar will operate continuously in a temperature controlled enclosure, charge its own batteries through a combination of a small rugged wind generator and solar panels, and transmit its data from remote locations to ground stations via satellite. A network of these instruments will be established by co-locating them at remote Automatic Weather Station (AWS) sites in Antarctica under the auspices of the National Science Foundation (NSF). The NSF Office of Polar Programs provides support to place the weather stations in remote areas of Antarctica in support of meteorological research and operations. The AWS meteorological data will directly benefit the analysis of the lidar data while a network of ground based atmospheric lidar will provide knowledge regarding the temporal evolution and spatial extent of Type la polar stratospheric clouds (PSC). These clouds play a crucial role in the annual austral springtime destruction of stratospheric ozone over Antarctica, i.e. the ozone hole. In addition, the lidar will monitor and record the general atmospheric conditions (transmission and backscatter) of the overlying atmosphere which will benefit the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Prototype lidar instruments have been deployed to the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station (1995-96, 2000) and to an Automated Geophysical Observatory site (AGO 1) in January 1999. We report on data acquired with these instruments, instrument performance, and anticipated performance of the AWS Lidar.

Rall, Jonathan A.R.↗
NASA NTRS2000

One-Dimensional Coupled Ecosystem-Carbon Flux Model for the Simulation of Biogeochemical Parameters at Ocean Weather Station P

In this Technical Publication, we describe the model functionality and analyze its application to the seasonal and interannual variations of phytoplankton, nutrients, pCO2 and CO2 concentrations in the eastern subarctic Pacific at Ocean Weather Station P (OWSP, 50 deg. N 145 deg. W). We use a verified one-dimensional ecosystem model, coupled with newly incorporated carbon flux and carbon chemistry components, to simulate 22 years (1958-1980) of pCO2 and CO2 variability at Ocean Weather Station P (OWS P). This relatively long period of simulation verifies and extends the findings of previous studies using an explicit approach for the biological component and realistic coupling with the carbon flux dynamics. The slow currents and the horizontally homogeneous ocean in the subarctic Pacific make OWS P one of the best available candidates for modeling the chemistry of the upper ocean in one dimension. The chlorophyll and ocean currents composite for 1998 illustrates this premise. The chlorophyll concentration map was derived from SeaWiFS data and the currents are from an OGCM simulation (from R. Murtugudde).

Signorini, S.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Micro weather stations for in situ measurements in the Martian planetary boundary layer

Viking Lander meteorology measurements show that the Martian planetary boundary layer (PBL) has large diurnal and seasonal variations in pressure, wind velocity, relative humidity, and airborne dust loading. An even larger range of conditions was inferred from remote sensing observations acquired by the Mariner 9 and Viking orbiters. Numerical models indicate that these changes may be accompanied by dramatic vertical and horizontal wind shears (100 m/s/km) and rapid changes in the static stability. In-situ measurements from a relatively small number surface stations could yield global constraints on the Martian climate and atmospheric general circulation by providing ground truth for remote sensing instruments on orbiters. A more complete understanding of the meteorology of the PBL is an essential precursor to manned missions to Mars because this will be their working environment. In-situ measurements are needed for these studies because the spatial and temporal scales that characterize the important meteorological processes near the surface cannot be resolved from orbit. The Mars Environmental Survey (MESUR) Program will provide the first opportunity to deploy a network of surface weather stations for a comprehensive investigation of the Martian PBL. The feasibility and utility of a network of micro-weather stations for making in-situ meteorological measurements in the Martian PBL are assessed.

Crisp, D.↗
NASA NTRS2006

AIRS Observations of DomeC in Antarctica and Comparison with Automated Weather Stations (AWS)

We compare the surface temperatures at Dome Concordia (DomeC) deduced from AIRS data and two Automatic Weather Stations at Concordia Station: AWS8989 , which has been in operation since December 1996, and AWS.it, for which data are available between January and November 2005. The AWS8989 readings are on average 3 K warmer than the AWS.it readings, with a warmer bias in the Antarctic summer than in the winter season. Although AIRS measures the skin brightness temperature, while the AWS reports the temperature of the air at 3 meter above the surface, the AIRS measurements agree well with the AWS.it readings for all data and separately for the summer and winter seasons, if data taken in the presence of strong surface inversions are filtered out. This can be done by deducing the vertical temperature gradient above the surface directly from the AIRS temperature sounding channels or indirectly by noting that extreme vertical gradients near the surface are unlikely if the wind speed is more than a few meters per second. Since the AIRS measurements are very well calibrated, the agreement with AWS.it is very encouraging. The warmer readings of AWS8989 are likely due to thermal contamination of the AWS8989 site by the increasing activity at Concordia Station. Data from an AWS.it quality station could be used for the evaluation of radiometric accuracy and stability of polar orbiting sounders at low temperatures. Unfortunately, data from AWS.it was available only for a limited time. The thermal contamination of the AWS8989 data makes long-term trends deduced from AWS8989 and possibly results about the rapid Antarctic warming deduced from other research stations on Antarctica suspect. AIRS is the first hyperspectral infrared sounder designed in support of weather forecasting and climate research. It was launched in May 2002 on the EOS Aqua spacecraft into a 704 km altitude polar sun-synchronous orbit. The lifetime of AIRS, estimated before launch to be at least 5 years is, based on the latest evaluation, limited by the amount of attitude control gas on the EOS Aqua spacecraft, which is expected to last through 2015.

atmospheric↗
NASA NTRS1993

Microinstruments for a Low Power, Low Mass Weather Station

Advances in electronics and instrument technology over the past thirty years have enabled a new concept for NASA missions, an evolution from large Voyager-class spacecraft to smaller, less costly Discovery and Explorer missions. By taking advantage of micromachining and micro-instrumentation, this reduction in size can be accomplished without requiring a sacrifice in performance. In some cases, the small payload will enable new types of missions which would be otherwise inconceivable. A microweather station is envisioned as an enabling technology for a network of weather stations on Mars for measuring wind, temperature, pressure, humidity, and aerosol concentration in the Martian planetary boundary layer...

Hoenk, M. E.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Detecting impacts of surface development near weather stations since 1895 in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Abstract Temperature readings observed at surface weather stations have been used for detecting changes in climate due to their long period of observations. The most common temperature metrics recorded are the daily maximum (TMax) and minimum (TMin) extremes. Unfortunately, influences besides background climate variations impact these measurements such as changes in (1) instruments, (2) location, (3) time of observation, and (4) the surrounding artifacts of human civilization (buildings, farms, streets, etc.) Quantifying (4) is difficult because the surrounding infrastructure, unique to each site, often changes slowly and variably and is thus resistant to general algorithms for adjustment. We explore a direct method of detecting this impact by comparing a single station that experienced significant development from 1895 to 2019, and especially since 1970, relative to several other stations with lesser degrees of such development (after adjustments for the (1) to (3) are applied). The target station is Fresno, California (metro population ~ 15,000 in 1900 and ~ 1 million in 2019) situated on the eastern side of the broad, flat San Joaquin Valley in which several other stations reside. A unique component of this study is the use of pentad (5-day averages) as the test metric. Results indicate that Fresno experienced + 0.4 °C decade −1 more nighttime warming (TMin) since 1970 than its neighbors—a time when population grew almost 300%. There was little difference seen in TMax trends between Fresno and non-Fresno stations since 1895 with TMax trends being near zero. A case is made for the use of TMax as the preferred climate metric relative to TMin for a variety of physical reasons. Additionally, temperatures measured at systematic times of the day (i.e., hourly) show promise as climate indicators as compared with TMax and especially TMin (and thus TAvg) due to several complicating factors involved with daily high and low measurements.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1999

Micro Weather Station

Improved in situ meteorological measurements in the troposphere and stratosphere are needed for studies of weather and climate, both as a primary data source and as validation for remote sensing instruments. Following the initial development and successful flight validation of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) hygrometer, the micro weather station program was directed toward the development of an integrated instrument, capable of accurate, in situ profiling of the troposphere, and small enough to fly on a radiosonde balloon for direct comparison with standard radiosondes. On April 23, 1998, working with Frank Schmidlin and Bob Olson of Wallops Island Flight Facility, we flew our instrument in a dual payload experiment, for validation and direct comparison with a Vaisala radiosonde. During that flight, the SAW dewpoint hygrometer measured frostpoint down to -76T at 44,000 feet. Using a laptop computer in radio contact with the balloon, we monitored data in real time, issued the cutdown command, and recovered the payload less than an hour after landing in White Sands Missile Range, 50 miles from the launch site in Hatch, New Mexico. Future flights will extend the intercomparison, and attempt to obtain in situ meteorological profiles from the surface through the tropopause. The SAW hygrometer was successfully deployed on the NASA DC8 as part of NASA's Third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) during August and September, 1998. This field campaign was devoted to the study of hurricane tracking and intensification using NASA-funded aircraft. In situ humidity data from the SAW hygrometer are currently being analyzed and compared with data from other instruments on the DC8 and ER2 aircraft. Additional information is contained in the original.

Hoenk, Michael E.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Psychrometric Analysis for New NuMI Evaporator Weather Station

Tritium (H-3) is a weakly radioactive isotope of hydrogen and is a byproduct of accelerator operations at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). The Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) target produced tritiated condensate exhausted via the MI-65 building evaporators. Re-condensation of tritium evaporate was observed on the MI-65 rooftop, on nearby buildings, and on the surrounding grounds due to inefficiency of the existing evaporator system. A new evaporator system is being designed to eliminate re-condensation, and psychrometric data (temperature, humidity and dew point) plays a vital role in determining the location of a weather station to control the new evaporator system.

Alvarado-Anderson, Chase↗