Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “wind, Microgrids, Infrastructure, Resilience, Advanced Controls Launchpad”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

14 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) Research: Controls

Advanced Turbine Control for Distributed Wind Deployments: The Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) research initiative is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Wind Energy Technologies Office and led by researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia). The initiative’s controls research seeks to expand the benefits from distributed wind energy assets beyond solely providing low-cost power directly to consumers. To make these turbines operate more effectively, there is a need for more advanced ways to control them—allowing power companies, businesses, and energy consumers to take advantage of some of the unique technical characteristics of wind energy.

wind, Microgrids, Infrastructure, Resilience, Adva↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Distributed Wind Turbine Controls Series: Part 1-Flatirons Campus Model Overview – Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL)

Wind turbines are typically deployed to provide energy, reduce diesel-fuel consumption, reduce carbon emissions, and reduce costs for energy and fuel transportation. However, in addition to solely providing energy to the power system, wind turbines contain rotating masses and inverter-based controls that can enable various reliability and resilience services through advance controls. As part of the Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL), it is demonstrated that advanced wind turbine controls can be employed to support higher contributions of wind, and to demonstrate ways that wind can play a role in supporting grid stability in islanded or grid-connected configurations. This paper documents models of various subsystem comprising a portion of NREL's Flatirons campus that will be used in three subsequent reports to demonstrate capabilities of advanced wind turbine controls. The series of reports will detail advanced capabilities of distributed wind turbines to provide support to isolated grids, distribution grids, and microgrids. We developed models to simulate a wind turbine (600 kW), solar PV (430 kW), battery energy storage system (1 MW/1MWh), a diesel generator (2 MW) and various types of loads (critical, dynamic). The model of the subsystems in MATLAB/Simulink are validated with available data from real-world components on NREL's Flatirons Campus. These validated models can be configured for various studies including four MIRACL use cases: 1) isolated grids, 2) microgrids, and 3) behind-the-meter, and 4) front-of-the-meter wind turbine deployments.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Distributed Wind Turbine Controls Series: Part 2-Wind Energy in Isolated Grids – Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL)

In an isolated grid, wind turbines are typically deployed to provide energy to maximize energy production, reduce diesel-fuel consumption, reduce carbon emissions, and reduce costs for energy and fuel transportation. However, in addition to solely providing energy to the power system, wind turbines contain rotating masses and inverter-based controls that can enable various reliability and resilience services through advance controls. As part of the Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) this paper demonstrates, through desktop simulations, advanced wind turbine controls that can be employed to support higher contributions of wind in isolated grids, and to demonstrate ways that wind can play a role in supporting stability of an isolated grid. This isolated grid used in these desktop simulations is comprised of a wind turbine (600 kW), solar PV (430 kW), battery energy storage system (1 MW/1MWh), a simulated diesel generator (2 MW) and various types of loads (critical, dynamic). We developed a model of the subsystems in MATLAB/Simulink and validated them with available data from real-world components on NREL's Flatirons Campus. These validated models are then configured for various case studies. We compare the output of the desktop simulation with a baseline case with the diesel generator. Active and reactive power control of the wind turbine can help improve frequency and voltage responses in the isolated grid, respectively. By utilizing a small integrated battery energy storage system in the DC-link of the wind turbine, we also demonstrate that wind turbines can help blackstart a critical load comparable to its rated power and support other renewables (e.g. solar PV) come online and pick up an additional load. This report illustrates some of these reliability and resilience services a wind turbine can provide in an isolated grid.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

WETO Resilience Research: Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL)

INL focuses on resilience and cybersecurity for distributed wind under the Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project. Following the development of a resilience framework, INL has developed an application for resilience planning that includes automated hazard simulations to evaluate performance of various configurations. Additionally, INL is exploring the resilience of advanced distributed wind systems that leverage advanced controls and hybrid resources.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Distributed Wind Turbine Controls Series: Part 4-Wind Energy in Microgrids – Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL)

In recent years, the technical capabilities and requirements for distributed wind turbines to provide ancillary services beyond maximum energy production has increased. Ancillary services, leveraged through advanced wind turbine controls, can support grid stability, reliability, and resilience. In the context of a microgrid, wind turbines can provide ancillary services that are useful in both islanded and grid-connected modes, as demonstrated in previous parts of this report series. This report focuses on how wind turbines with advanced controls and power electronics can support the stability of the microgrid during transitions from grid-connected to island mode, and back. This report documents simulation results from a model of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Flatirons Campus containing NREL's 600-kilowatt Controls Advanced Research Turbine. Using this turbine, we demonstrate through desktop simulation how a wind turbine can support the voltage and frequency of a microgrid during transitions - from making planned transitions seamless to keeping all loads online during some unplanned transitions to supporting black start in the event of an open transition (blackout).

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Distributed Wind Turbine Controls Series: Part 3-Wind Energy in Grid-Connected Deployments – Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL)

In recent years the technical ability and requirement for distributed wind turbines to provide grid support services beyond maximum energy production has increased. Ancillary services leveraged through advance controls of a wind turbine support grid reliability and resilience. One ancillary service that is significant to a grid-connected wind turbine deployment is fault ride through (FRT) in response to the voltage and frequency events in the power system. As part of the Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) this paper demonstrates, through desktop simulations, the wind turbine's FRT capabilities to support stable grid operation. We establish that the wind turbine models exceed FRT performance requirements stipulated in IEEE 1547-2018, regarding interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources. Utilizing a standalone CART2 (600 kW) wind turbine connected to the NREL's Flatirons Campus grid, we study voltage and frequency FRT utilizing various test cases. One of the test cases under study is a Category III voltage fault defined in IEEE 1547-2018 and derived from CA Rule 21. Some distributed wind turbines were unable to connect to the grid following the Rule 21 enforcement in California. Even if this is not a general requirement elsewhere, the grid codes might evolve in this direction. This study illustrates how a distributed wind turbine can provide some of these FRT services and enable a pathway toward a higher contribution of renewable energy in a distribution grid.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

FY 2021 Isolated Grids and Grid-Connected Turbine Reference Systems; Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL)

For individuals, businesses, and communities focused on building resilient electrical grid infrastructure, wind energy can provide an affordable, accessible, and compatible distributed energy resource option that also enhances the capabilities of local grid operations. The Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project is a multi-year distributed wind research effort, driven through a partnership between four Department of Energy National Laboratories and industry to develop and improve the planning, design, and operation of wind-centered microgrids to complement solar, energy storage, and other distributed energy resources for grid-tied and isolated operation (U.S. Department of Energy, 2021). This report documents the application of methods developed through the initial three years of the MIRACL project to two real-world distributed wind reference systems. Specifically, the methods demonstrated in this report include 1) a market valuation framework to comprehensively value the services distributed wind can provide and 2) a resilience framework that enables stakeholders to characterize distribution system resilience and compare grid investment decisions from a resilience perspective. Additional methods mentioned in this report include distributed hybrid system design methods for grid resilience, advanced control co-simulation platforms, and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) models. Preliminary results from these additional methods are presented in this report and will be demonstrated and/or applied to the reference systems in the coming year. The purpose of applying these methods to reference systems is to drive technology transfer of the theories, methodologies, and technologies developed under the MIRACL project and increase the number of referenceable case studies available to stakeholders interested in additional value-added capabilities of wind systems beyond bulk energy supply (i.e. kilowatt-hours).

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Distributed Wind Controls: A Research Roadmap for Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Controls Launchpad (MIRACL)

The Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project’s controls research area aims to expand the benefits from distributed wind (DW) generation assets beyond solely providing low cost power directly to consumers. To make distributed wind turbines operate more effectively there is a need for more advanced ways to control them, allowing power companies, businesses, and energy consumers to take advantage of the unique characteristics of wind energy. DW can contribute to the safe and secure operation of grid by providing services such as voltage regulation, frequency regulation, spinning reserves, and even black start capabilities. In the larger DER context where much of the research has focused around solar technologies, the inertia available in wind technologies has generally not been considered. For wind turbines to provide these services in an optimal and expanded way, development and demonstration of control methods and communication interfaces within a grid and microgrid framework are required. In this document, NREL led the literature review in collaboration with SNL, of DER controls-focused integration research to establish a baseline for the controls research under the MIRACL project to identify specific control functions to be focused on throughout this project. This literature review focused primarily on the control functions of variable distributed generation, largely pulling from past solar PV and battery controls works, with a specific focus on applicability for distributed wind energy systems. The goal of this document is to identify a research roadmap based on the open literature and past national laboratory works to inform advanced wind turbine and power electronics control functions for four use cases: 1) distributed wind in isolated systems, 2) grid-connected microgrids (wind-hybrid systems and islanded operation), 3) behind-the-meter distributed wind applications in the power distribution systems, and 4) front-of-the-meter distributed wind applications in the power distribution systems.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Resilience for Advanced Distributed Wind Systems: Identifying the resilience benefits of advanced controls and hybrid systems for distributed wind

Under the Department of Energy (DOE) Wind Energy Technologies Office (WETO), Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been tasked with defining the resilience benefits of distributed wind systems for the Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project. This project is a collaboration between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). In the final year of this project, INL is collaborating with the other labs to bring together key results from our previous work on resilience, cybersecurity and risk, distributed wind hybrid systems, and valuation of distributed wind.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Guided Resilience Self Assessment Application

Reliable electricity access is vital for everything from hospitals to national security. When grid disturbances occur, it is crucial to minimize the amount of time it takes to recover. Grid resiliency considers both the preparation for and recovery from high-impact low-frequency disturbances (HILF) such as weather events and cyber attacks. The Department of Energy (DOE) Wind Energy Technologies Office (WETO) funds the multi-laboratory Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Control Launchpad (MIRACL) project to investigate technologies to support and grow distributed wind. Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) contribute to resilience and cybersecurity efforts for the project, and have produced a resilience framework to evaluate system resilience based on individual system specifications. In order to make this framework easy for anyone to apply, I have coded a web application that allows users to input their power system qualities, goals, and perceived risks and then receive suggestions on how to improve their grid resiliency. The web application follows the seven steps in the planning stage of the framework process, allowing the user to input information about their grid and select from common goals, metrics, and hazards, as well as add their own. The application currently provides information about how to complete each step, requiring minimal prior knowledge of the framework. Future work for this application will include allowing the user to submit line drawings of their system and incorporate modeling tools so that the hazard simulations of applying the framework is completed for the user.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

MIRACL Co‐Simulation platform for control and operation of distributed wind in microgrid

Abstract This paper presents a co‐simulation platform (CSP) developed as a part of the “Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL)” project, hereafter called MIRACL‐CSP, to allow simulation‐based testing, demonstration, and evaluations of distributed wind under various grid operating conditions. MIRACL‐CSP provides modular interactions among the power distribution system, distributed wind, and utility decision‐making framework. A hierarchical engine for large‐scale infrastructure co‐simulations (HELICS) is used as the core engine of MIRACL‐CSP to establish time and information coordination among the MIRACL‐CSP modules. In this study, MIRACL‐CSP performance is demonstrated using the IEEE 123‐node test distribution grid modelled in GridLAB‐D and the utility decision support application modelled in Python. The functionality of MIRACL‐CSP is demonstrated through various grid operational scenarios in a microgrid and networked microgrid environment. A co‐simulation study is described that demonstrated MIRACL‐CSP capabilities for the microgrid operational scenario in the IEEE 123‐node test system. MIRACL‐CSP is a generic platform that facilitates distributed wind research for different test systems, applications, and valuation of distributed wind.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Case Study: Applying the INL Resilience Framework to Iowa Lakes Electric Cooperative Distributed Wind Systems

Traditional metrics and evaluation methods for resiliency are not sufficient to evaluate the effect that distributed wind systems will have, particularly in light of the challenges described above. While the concept of resiliency is not new, its application to the electric grid is neither standardized nor well-defined, and there is little to no guidance on how to evaluate resilience specifically for distributed wind systems. To fill this gap, the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), as part of the multi-laboratory Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project, has developed a resilience framework for electric energy delivery systems (EEDS). The framework provides detailed steps for evaluating resiliency in the planning, operational, and future stages, and encompasses five core functions of resilience. It allows users to evaluate the resilience of distributed wind, taking into consideration the resilience of the wind systems themselves, as well as the effect they have on the resiliency of any systems they are connected to. In this study, we evaluate the resilience of the distributed wind systems at Iowa Lakes Electric Cooperative to cybersecurity hazards. We show that the wind resource can benefit the overall system resilience during some hazards. We show that the practices in place make the wind subsystems resilient against some cybersecurity hazards but that there are still significant risks associated with other cybersecurity hazards

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

FY2021 Isolated Grids and Grid-Connected Turbine Reference Systems

For individuals, businesses, and communities focused on building resilient electrical grid infrastructure, wind energy can provide an affordable, accessible, and compatible distributed energy resource option that also enhances the capabilities of local grid operations. However, there are technical barriers to realizing the market value and resilience benefits of distributed wind, and there is little to no ability to quantify those benefits so that stakeholders can compare grid investment options. The central aims of this report are: (1) to drive technology transfer of the methods and technologies developed under the Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project and (2) increase the number of referenceable case studies available to stakeholders interested in additional value-added capabilities of wind systems beyond bulk energy supply. We achieve this aim by applying three major methods developed under MIRACL to two real-world distributed wind reference systems. The two real-world distributed wind reference systems are the isolated grid of St. Mary’s, Alaska, and the two 10.5-megawatt (MW) front-of-the-meter wind turbine deployments owned and operated by Iowa Lakes Electric Cooperative (ILEC).

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL): Use Cases and Definitions

This resource document is designed to establish common use cases and definitions for U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories and partners participating in the Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) effort. Use case definitions can be used to classify and connect research-and-development efforts and ultimately to organize project goals. Establishing use cases will also allow for the definition of operational benchmarks for various elements of the MIRACL project and broader distributed wind program as well as enable future alignment with other distributed energy resource research projects.

17 WIND ENERGY↗