Analysis of Wind Gust Data
Wind gust data were analyzed by statistical and mathematical procedures, developed for the bivariate gamma distribution. The results of the analysis are summarized.
Tubbs, J. D.↗
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Synchronization of wind turbine generators against an infinite bus under gusting wind conditions
Studies of synchronizing a wind turbine generator against an infinite bus are performed on a digital computer. In the digital simulation, wind gusts of different magnitudes and durations are hypothesized. Prior to the synchronization, differences of the frequency and phase position between voltages of the alternator and the bus are also included in the simulation. Solutions for rotor speed, generator power angle, electromagnetic torque, wind turbine torque, wind turbine blade pitch angle, and armature current are simulated and presented graphically. The ERDA-NASA 100-kW wind turbine is used as a case study. The results so obtained will thus have immediate applications.
Hwang, H. H.↗
Composite statistical method for modeling wind gusts for aircraft simulation
This paper discusses the application of three statistical methods in combination to model wind gusts for use in aircraft flight simulation. The approach combines principal components analysis, time series analysis and probability distribution model to analyze and simulate wind gust components. Comparisons are given between wind gust components generated by the model and components measured onboard an aircraft.
Schiess, J. R.↗
Low level wind gust amplitude and duration study
Wind velocity measurements of low level wind gust amplitude and duration and statistical gust shape characteristics
Camp, D. W.↗
Vector wind gust model
The development of a vector wind gust model through statistical analysis is described. Wind perturbation statistics which include location, altitude, season, and wavelength range are used in the synthesis of detailed wing profiles. These profiles provide the basis for the establishment of improved discrete gust design criteria guidelines for ascending launch vehicles.
Adelfang, S. I.↗
Tracking error of 100-m antenna due to wind gust
A procedure is shown to derive root-mean-square tracking error for an antenna system in response to wind gust loading. Example calculations are illustrated for the design of a proposed 100 m antenna. The effect of wind gust correlation is also considered.
Massoudi, M.↗
Effect of wind gusts on the motion of a balloon-borne observation platform
The effect of wind gusts on the magnitude of the pendulation angles of a balloon-borne observation platform is determined. A system mathematical model is developed and the solution of this model is used to determine the magnitude of the observation platforms pendulation angles.
Nigro, N. J.↗
Composite statistical method for modeling wind gusts
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Schiess, J. R.↗
Statistical wind profile gust model
A statistical wind profile gust model for the Space Transportation Operations and Trade Studies is developed by using 1800 Jimsphere wind profile data collected at Cape Kennedy during 1965 to 1972. Wind profiles from the surface to 20 km in component form, i.e., zonal and meridional are processed through the digital filters of different wave length ranges bases on the Martin-Graham cosine rolloff model. The residuals obtained from the filtering processes for the data base for the statistical analysis. For each wind component the gust and gust length at a specified reference altitude in a residual profile are defined. A two parameter gamma probability marginal distribution seems to fit the component gust amplitude and the gust length when redefined. The problem of finding an appropriate bivariate joint distribution of the gust amplitude and length remains to be solved. The probability distribution of the modulus of the gust amplitudes was derived under the assumption that they are independently distributed as gamma variates.
Doss, D. C.↗
Vector wind profile gust model
The development of a vector wind gust model that is suitable for orbital flight test operations and trade studies was studied. Verification of the hypothesis that gust component variables are gamma distributed, gust modulus is approximately Weibull distributed, and zonal and meridional gust components are bivariate gamma distributed is emphasized. A method of testing for bivariate gamma distributed variables, and two distributions for gust modulus are described. The results of extensive hypothesis testing of one of the distributions are presented, and the validity of the gamma distribution for representation of gust component variables is established.
Adelfang, S. I.↗
Vector wind profile gust model
To enable development of a vector wind gust model suitable for orbital flight test operations and trade studies, hypotheses concerning the distributions of gust component variables were verified. Methods for verification of hypotheses that observed gust variables, including gust component magnitude, gust length, u range, and L range, are gamma distributed and presented. Observed gust modulus has been drawn from a bivariate gamma distribution that can be approximated with a Weibull distribution. Zonal and meridional gust components are bivariate gamma distributed. An analytical method for testing for bivariate gamma distributed variables is presented. Two distributions for gust modulus are described and the results of extensive hypothesis testing of one of the distributions are presented. The validity of the gamma distribution for representation of gust component variables is established.
Adelfang, S. I.↗
Vector wind profile gust model
Work towards establishing a vector wind profile gust model for the Space Transportation System flight operations and trade studies is reported. To date, all the statistical and computational techniques required were established and partially implemented. An analysis of wind profile gust at Cape Kennedy within the theoretical framework is presented. The variability of theoretical and observed gust magnitude with filter type, altitude, and season is described. Various examples are presented which illustrate agreement between theoretical and observed gust percentiles. The preliminary analysis of the gust data indicates a strong variability with altitude, season, and wavelength regime. An extension of the analyses to include conditional distributions of gust magnitude given gust length, distributions of gust modulus, and phase differences between gust components has begun.
Adelfang, S. I.↗
Wind and gust design criteria for the Martian atmosphere
Wind and gust criteria for Martian atmosphere in relation to spacecraft design and mission planning
Henry, R. M.↗
Wind and gust design criteria for the Martian atmosphere.
Martian atmospheric wind and gust criteria for design of vehicles and mission
Henry, R. M.↗
Vector wind profile gust model
A five parameter gamma distribution (BGD) having two shape parameters, two location parameters, and a correlation parameter is investigated. This general BGD is expressed as a double series and as a single series of the modified bessel function, and reduces to the known special case for equal shape parameters. Practical functions for computer evaluations for the general BGD and for special cases are presented. Applications are to be bound in reliability theory, signal noise, and meteorology. Applications to wind gust modeling for the ascent flight of the space shuttle are illustrated.
Adelfang, S. I.↗
How well are hazards associated with derechos reproduced in regional climate simulations?
Abstract. A 15-member ensemble of convection-permitting regional simulations of the fast-moving and destructive derecho of 29–30 June 2012 that impacted the northeastern urban corridor of the USA is presented. This event generated 1100 reports of damaging winds, generated significant wind gusts over an extensive area of up to 500 000 km2, caused several fatalities, and resulted in widespread loss of electrical power. Extreme events such as this are increasingly being used within pseudo-global-warming experiments to examine the sensitivity of historical, societally important events to global climate non-stationarity and how they may evolve as a result of changing thermodynamic and dynamic contexts. As such it is important to examine the fidelity with which such events are described in hindcast experiments. The regional simulations presented herein are performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The resulting ensemble is used to explore simulation fidelity relative to observations for wind gust magnitudes, spatial scales of convection (as is manifest in high composite reflectivity, cREF), and both rainfall and hail production as a function of model configuration (microphysics parameterization, lateral boundary conditions (LBCs), start date, use of nudging, compiler choice, damping, and number of vertical levels). We also examine the degree to which each ensemble member differs with respect to key mesoscale drivers of convective systems (e.g., convective available potential energy and vertical wind shear) and critical manifestations of deep convection, e.g., vertical velocities, cold-pool generation, and how those properties relate to the correct characterization of the associated atmospheric hazards (wind gusts and hail). Use of a double-moment, seven-class scheme with number concentrations for all species (including hail and graupel) results in the greatest fidelity of model-simulated wind gusts and convective structure to the observations of this event. All ensemble members, however, fail to capture the intensity of the event in terms of the spatial extent of convection and the production of high near-surface wind gusts. We further show very high sensitivity to the LBCs employed and specifically that simulation fidelity is higher for simulations nested within ERA-Interim compared to ERA5. Excess convective available potential energy (CAPE) in all ensemble members after the derecho passage leads to excess production of convective cells, wind gusts, cREF > 40 dBZ, and precipitation during a frontal passage on the subsequent day. This event proved very challenging to forecast in real time and to reproduce in the 15-member hindcast simulation ensemble presented here. Future work could examine if simulations with other initial and lateral boundary conditions can achieve greater fidelity.
Shepherd, Tristan (ORCID:0000000186276419)↗
Site A1 - Cup Anemometer / Reviewed Data
This dataset contains cup anemometer data deployed on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site A1. The cup data include time stamp, wind speed, wind direction, gust wind speed, vertical wind speed, roll, pitch, latitude, longitude, and altitude. Z01 refers to the first height position of the cup anemometers mounted on the tethered balloon.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Site G - Cup Anemometer / Reviewed Data
This dataset contains cup anemometer data deployed on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site G. The cup data include time stamp, wind speed, wind direction, gust wind speed, vertical wind speed, roll, pitch, latitude, longitude, and altitude. Z04 refers to the fourth height position of the cup anemometers mounted on the tethered balloon.
17 WIND ENERGY↗